THE AGE OF REVOLUTIONS

The Scientific Revolution

The American Revolution

The French Revolution

The Industrial Revolution

What was the Scientific Revolution?

• Time period when scientists began to base the study of the world on observable fact rather than on beliefs and superstitions

• Also known as the Enlightenment

Where and when was the Scientific Revolution?

• The Scientific Revolution occurred in Europe from the 1500s to the 1700s.

Who were the important people of the Scientific Revolution?

• Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543): Polish astronomer, mathematician, physician, scholar, governor, diplomat, economist, soldier

• Responsible for the heliocentric theory, which states that the sun (not the earth) is the center of the universe

Who were the important people of the Scientific Revolution?

• Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564): Belgian anatomist

• Founder of modern human anatomy

• Author of 1st modern human anatomy text, “On the Workings of the Human Body”

Who were the important people of the Scientific Revolution?

• Galileo Galilei (1564-1642): Italian physicist, astronomer, philosopher

• Improved the telescope & was the 1st to use it to observe the sky

• Used it to discover Jupiter’s moons in 1610

Who were the important people of the Scientific Revolution?

• Johann Kepler (1571-1630): German mathematician, astronomer

• Best known for his laws of planetary motion (ex: the planets orbit the sun in elliptical orbits)

Who were the important people of the Scientific Revolution?

• William Harvey (1578-1657): English doctor who proved the heart circulated the blood within the body

Who were the important people of the Scientific Revolution?

• Rene Descartes (1596-1650): French philosopher, mathematician, scientist

• “Founder of Modern Philosophy” & “Father of Modern Mathematics” “I think, therefore

I am”

Who were the important people of the Scientific Revolution?

• Antony von Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723): Dutch scientist who invented 1st microscope

• 1st to observe & describe single cell organisms

• “Father of Microbiology”

Who were the important people of the Scientific Revolution?

• Isaac Newton (1643-1727): English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, inventor, philosopher

• Proved the laws of gravity

• One of the most important scientists in history

How did the Scientific Revolution impact Europe?

• Led to many new inventions (which will lead to further discoveries as they are improved)

• Many schools & universities will open throughout Europe

How did the American Revolution affect Europe?

• The American Revolution will be an indirect cause of the French Revolution.

• The French people, who feel they are being mistreated under a tyrannical king, will see the American colonists rebel against and defeat English King George III, and it will be a great influence on them to start their own revolution.