The American The American ColoniesColonies

Native American CultureNative American Culture Way of life varied based on location: Farmers, Way of life varied based on location: Farmers,

Nomadic, etc.: Not all Native Americans are the Nomadic, etc.: Not all Native Americans are the samesame

Organized by kinship groups: Clans and tribesOrganized by kinship groups: Clans and tribes Followed religious rituals and believed in Followed religious rituals and believed in

earthly spirits and forces: Believed in multiple earthly spirits and forces: Believed in multiple spirits of the earth such as wind, fire, rain, etc.spirits of the earth such as wind, fire, rain, etc.

Oral History and traditionOral History and tradition Used barter system across regionsUsed barter system across regions BELIEVED LAND SHOULD NOT AND COULD BELIEVED LAND SHOULD NOT AND COULD

NOT BE OWNED- It was everybody’sNOT BE OWNED- It was everybody’s

Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus

convinced King Ferdinand convinced King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to have and Queen Isabella to have three ships.three ships.

The three ships were: Nina, The three ships were: Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria. Pinta, and Santa Maria.

He landed in the Bahama He landed in the Bahama Islands on October 12, 1492. Islands on October 12, 1492.

His exploration ushered His exploration ushered in the AGE OF in the AGE OF EXPLORATIONEXPLORATION

Picture Credit:

http://www.mariner.org/age/columbus.html

Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus

Also named San Also named San Salvador meaning Salvador meaning “Holy Savior.”“Holy Savior.”

He saw people and He saw people and named them named them “Indians” because “Indians” because he thought that he he thought that he was in the West was in the West Indies.Indies.

Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange

As a result of Columbus’s voyages to As a result of Columbus’s voyages to the New World, an exchange began the New World, an exchange began between the Americas and the rest of between the Americas and the rest of the world.the world.

Cultural Diffusion- Spread ofCultural Diffusion- Spread of

Culture throughout the worldCulture throughout the world

Columbian ExchangeColumbian ExchangeAmericas to EuropeAmericas to Europe Europe to AmericasEurope to Americas

Potatoes & TomatoesPotatoes & Tomatoes Sugar, Tea, CoffeeSugar, Tea, Coffee

Maize, (Corn)Maize, (Corn) Horses, pigs, sheep, Horses, pigs, sheep, goats, cattle, ratsgoats, cattle, rats

TobaccoTobacco Diseases (smallpox, Diseases (smallpox, measles, whooping measles, whooping cough, bubonic cough, bubonic plague, malaria, plague, malaria, yellow fever )yellow fever )

ChocolateChocolate •Asian cockroaches, Asian cockroaches, Japanese beetleJapanese beetle

CountriesCountries- - FranceFrance

a.) Active in fur tradea.) Active in fur tradeb.) Canada and lands west of Appalachian Mountainsb.) Canada and lands west of Appalachian Mountains

- SpainSpaina.) Active in Florida and American Southwesta.) Active in Florida and American Southwestb.) Established b.) Established St. Augustine-St. Augustine- FIRST permanent FIRST permanent settlement in what will become the U.S.settlement in what will become the U.S.

- EnglandEnglanda.) Slow to become involved – worried of expensea.) Slow to become involved – worried of expenseb.) Will come to dominate East coast of North America b.) Will come to dominate East coast of North America

WHY?- GOD, GOLD, and GLORY!!!WHY?- GOD, GOLD, and GLORY!!!

Types of Colonies: Types of Colonies: JOINT JOINT STOCK Companies (Charter STOCK Companies (Charter

Colony)Colony) Joint-Stock CompaniesJoint-Stock Companies Owned by a corporation and stock Owned by a corporation and stock

holders holders Economic ventures Economic ventures Elected own officials Elected own officials Jamestown, Virginia- Virginia Jamestown, Virginia- Virginia

CompanyCompany

Types of Colonies: Types of Colonies: ProprietaryProprietary

Owned by a person or family after Owned by a person or family after land is given from king or queenland is given from king or queen

Make laws and appoint officials as Make laws and appoint officials as they saw fitthey saw fit

Types of Colonies: Types of Colonies: ROYAL ROYAL COLONYCOLONY

Under direct control of the King and Under direct control of the King and he appoints the Royal Governor who he appoints the Royal Governor who appoints other officialsappoints other officials

By the time of the Revolutionary By the time of the Revolutionary War- all colonies were considered War- all colonies were considered Royal- Controlled by the KingRoyal- Controlled by the King

England Starts BadlyEngland Starts Badly

The English Colonies were established The English Colonies were established for a variety of reasons but mainly for for a variety of reasons but mainly for RELIGION and WEALTHRELIGION and WEALTH

RoanokeRoanoke

a.) a.) Multiple attempts to establish Multiple attempts to establish colony in North Carolina (Virginia)colony in North Carolina (Virginia)

b.) Close to 100 colonists disappearedb.) Close to 100 colonists disappeared

c.) “Croatoan”c.) “Croatoan”

JamestownJamestown

First permanent First permanent ENGLISHENGLISH settlement in settlement in North America- 1607North America- 1607

Named in honor of King JamesNamed in honor of King James Located in VirginiaLocated in Virginia Famous Leader- Famous Leader- John SmithJohn Smith Aided by local Natives including Aided by local Natives including

PocahontasPocahontas Colony saved by Tobacco and John Colony saved by Tobacco and John

RolfeRolfe

JamestownJamestown Critical to the early survival of Jamestown was the Critical to the early survival of Jamestown was the

policies of the Native Americans that allowed them policies of the Native Americans that allowed them to establish a settlement- a decision they no doubt to establish a settlement- a decision they no doubt regretted laterregretted later

First permanent First permanent ENGLISHENGLISH settlement in North America- 1607 settlement in North America- 1607 ““Virginia Company of London”: Intended for short term gain Virginia Company of London”: Intended for short term gain

and then to be abandonedand then to be abandoned Named in honor of King JamesNamed in honor of King James Located in VirginiaLocated in Virginia The The CHARTER was important because it clearly stated CHARTER was important because it clearly stated

that colonist would have the same rights as English that colonist would have the same rights as English citizenscitizens

JamestownJamestown

Early Years- Were a nightmareEarly Years- Were a nightmare 40 would be colonists died during the initial 40 would be colonists died during the initial

voyage (1606-07)voyage (1606-07) Dozens more died once on shore of Dozens more died once on shore of

disease, malnutrition, and starvationdisease, malnutrition, and starvation The colonists were more concerned The colonists were more concerned

with finding gold so they spent their with finding gold so they spent their time searching for this instead of time searching for this instead of hunting the abundant game and hunting the abundant game and fishingfishing

http://www.preservationvirginia.org/rediscovery/page.php?page_id=25

http://www.womenlargejaw.com/node/992

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:View_of_James_Town_Island,_Captain_John_Smith_Statue.jpg

Jamestown: “The Starving Jamestown: “The Starving Time”Time”

Despite effective leadership by John Smith and Despite effective leadership by John Smith and the aid of the Natives, the colonists were still the aid of the Natives, the colonists were still dying in drovesdying in droves

Were reduced to eat “dogges, Catts, Ratts, Were reduced to eat “dogges, Catts, Ratts, and Myce.” (31)and Myce.” (31)

Some even dug up corpses and one man was Some even dug up corpses and one man was executed for killing his wife and salting her to executed for killing his wife and salting her to eateat

Of 400 hundred in Virginia in 1609- only Of 400 hundred in Virginia in 1609- only 60 survived the “starving time” of winter 60 survived the “starving time” of winter 1609-101609-10

John RolfeJohn Rolfe ““Saved” Jamestown because he brought Saved” Jamestown because he brought

tobacco seedstobacco seeds Tobacco grew well in the Virginia climateTobacco grew well in the Virginia climate Europeans couldn’t get enough of it and Europeans couldn’t get enough of it and

Jamestown became a profitable colony at Jamestown became a profitable colony at long lastlong last

Colonists would grow it in the streets and even Colonists would grow it in the streets and even between graves. They even had to import their between graves. They even had to import their foodfood

Wore out the land, also was labor intensive which Wore out the land, also was labor intensive which meant more labor would be needed- Guess Who?meant more labor would be needed- Guess Who?

The PilgrimsThe Pilgrims Went from England to Holland to North Went from England to Holland to North

America in search of religious tolerance: America in search of religious tolerance: Took 66 daysTook 66 days

Were considered Were considered SeparatistsSeparatists from the from the Puritans Puritans which wanted to purify the churchwhich wanted to purify the church

Settled the Settled the Plymouth ColonyPlymouth Colony in MA in 1620 in MA in 1620 Mayflower CompactMayflower Compact: Named for their ship / : Named for their ship /

Contract between the Pilgrims / Common Contract between the Pilgrims / Common good / 1good / 1stst example of “consent to be example of “consent to be governed”- similar to our constitution: governed”- similar to our constitution: FOUNDATION OF SELF GOVERNMENTFOUNDATION OF SELF GOVERNMENT

ThanksgivingThanksgiving Pilgrims didn’t take the land from Natives- Pilgrims didn’t take the land from Natives-

tribe had all diedtribe had all died Was probably between Sept-Nov, most Was probably between Sept-Nov, most

likely Oct.likely Oct. Celebrated in 1621 but not again for many Celebrated in 1621 but not again for many

yearsyears G. Washington proclaimed 1G. Washington proclaimed 1stst national national

Thanksgiving in 1789Thanksgiving in 1789 A. Lincoln made it national holiday for last A. Lincoln made it national holiday for last

Thursday in NovemberThursday in November FD Roosevelt moved it to the second to FD Roosevelt moved it to the second to

last Thursday…why?last Thursday…why?

PilgrimsPilgrims

THINK!:THINK!:What impacted the What impacted the development of the development of the distinct cultures of distinct cultures of the New England, the New England,

Middle, and Middle, and Southern Colonies?Southern Colonies?

New England ColoniesNew England Colonies

ConnecticutConnecticut MassachusettsMassachusetts New HampshireNew Hampshire Rhode IslandRhode Island (Maine- will break from MA)(Maine- will break from MA)

New England ColoniesNew England Colonies Reasons: Religious, Establish Puritan Reasons: Religious, Establish Puritan

society, and Fur Tradesociety, and Fur TradeEconomyEconomy: Fishing, : Fishing, Ship buildingShip building, ,

whalingwhaling and and Fur TradeFur Trade Important People:Important People:

- - Roger Williams:Roger Williams: Established Established Providence, Rhode Island and First Providence, Rhode Island and First BaptistBaptist Religion Religion in Americain America

- - Thomas HookerThomas Hooker: Puritan who founded : Puritan who founded ConnecticutConnecticut

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies

New York (Taken from Dutch)New York (Taken from Dutch) New Jersey (From Dutch)New Jersey (From Dutch) PennsylvaniaPennsylvania DelawareDelaware

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies

Reasons: Expansion, Religious Reasons: Expansion, Religious Tolerance, FreedomTolerance, Freedom

EconomyEconomy: Trade, : Trade, Farming, and Farming, and LumberLumber

William PennWilliam Penn

Established Quaker Established Quaker Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, Wrote democratic Wrote democratic constitution, Called constitution, Called for fair treatment for fair treatment of Natives, and of Natives, and wanted union of wanted union of coloniescolonies

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies

VirginiaVirginia MarylandMaryland GeorgiaGeorgia The Carolinas- Later North and SouthThe Carolinas- Later North and South

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies

Reasons: Gold, Escape Debt Reasons: Gold, Escape Debt (Georgia), Land wealth, Religious(Georgia), Land wealth, Religious

Economy: Economy: TobaccoTobacco, Rice, Indigo , Rice, Indigo Crops: Crops: Labor intensiveLabor intensive crops- Need crops- Need for slavesfor slaves

Tobacco and John Rolfe saved Tobacco and John Rolfe saved Jamestown and VirginiaJamestown and Virginia

Important PeopleImportant People

Captain John Smith-Captain John Smith- Led Jamestown, Led Jamestown, Helped it prosper, “Those who don’t Helped it prosper, “Those who don’t work, don’t eat”work, don’t eat”

John Rolfe-John Rolfe- First successful cultivation First successful cultivation of tobacco- became main export cropof tobacco- became main export crop

Pocahontas- Credited with helping to Credited with helping to save John Smith and help colony save John Smith and help colony survive. Married John Rolfe- Lived in survive. Married John Rolfe- Lived in EnglandEngland

What impacted the What impacted the development of the development of the

distinct cultures of the distinct cultures of the New England, Middle, New England, Middle,

and Southern Colonies?and Southern Colonies?

Religion, Economy, and ClimateReligion, Economy, and Climate

SLAVERYSLAVERY African slaves were first taken to Portuguese and African slaves were first taken to Portuguese and

Spanish colonies in the Caribbean, Mexico, Central Spanish colonies in the Caribbean, Mexico, Central America, and South America in the early America, and South America in the early 1500’s1500’s

Were brought over as part of Were brought over as part of Triangular TradeTriangular Trade between Africa, Europe, and the Americasbetween Africa, Europe, and the Americas

Portion of trip that brought Portion of trip that brought slaves was the slaves was the Middle PassageMiddle Passage

Were seen as better workers than Natives because Were seen as better workers than Natives because more immune to diseasesmore immune to diseases

1638- African Male cost $27 dollars (European Labor: 1638- African Male cost $27 dollars (European Labor: $.70/ day)$.70/ day)

Originally used for servants for the rich- Later more Originally used for servants for the rich- Later more manual labor and violentmanual labor and violent

AmistadAmistad

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXS6JAhMe1Q&feature=player_v=mXS6JAhMe1Q&feature=player_