The Appendicular Skeleton

Honors A&P

The Clavicle

The Pectoral Girdle

ID your view

1 2

90%

10%

1. Anterior2. Posterior

ID the Acromion

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10%

0% 0%

67%

0%

10%

0%

10%

5%

1. 12. 23. 34. 45. 56. 67. 78. 89. 9

ID the Infraspinous Fossa

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

4%

83%

9%

0% 0%0%0%0%

4%

1. 12. 23. 34. 45. 56. 67. 78. 89. 9

ID the acromial end of the clavicle

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

9%

0%

4%

9%

4%

13%

4%4%

52%

1. 12. 23. 34. 45. 56. 67. 78. 89. 9

Upper Limbs

Bones of Hand and Wrist

ID the psiform

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0% 0% 0% 0%

5%

0%0%

5%

90%

1. 102. 23. 34. 45. 56. 67. 78. 89. 9

ID the trapezoid

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

67%

0%

6% 6%

11%

0%0%

6%6%

1. 102. 23. 34. 45. 56. 67. 78. 89. 9

ID the deltoid tuberosity

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

4%

0%

87%

0% 0%0%

4%4%

0%

1. 12. 23. 34. 45. 56. 67. 78. 89. 9

ID the greater tubercle

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

65%

0% 0% 0%

17%

4%

0%

13%

0%

1. 12. 23. 34. 45. 56. 67. 78. 89. 9

ID the trochlea

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0% 0% 0%

5%

0%

5%5%

29%

57%

1. 12. 23. 34. 45. 56. 67. 78. 89. 9

ID the radial tuberosity

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

4%

0%

4%

67%

0%

4%

0%0%

21%

1. 12. 23. 34. 45. 56. 67. 78. 89. 9

ID the ulnar styloid process

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10%

76%

0% 0%

5%

0%0%

10%

0%

1. 112. 123. 34. 45. 56. 67. 78. 89. 9

The Pelvic Girdle

Anatomical Comparison of Male and Female Pelvis

The Lower Limbs

Bones of Foot and Ankle

Is this a male or female pelvis?

1 2 3

91%

4%4%

1. Male2. Female3. Cannot be

determined

ID the acetabulum.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

4% 4%

74%

9%

0%0%

9%

0%0%

1. 12. 23. 34. 45. 56. 67. 78. 89. 9

ID the iliac crest.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

70%

4%

0%

13%

4%4%

0%0%

4%

1. 12. 23. 34. 45. 56. 67. 78. 89. 9

ID the ischial spine

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0%

25%

0%

70%

0%0%0%

5%

0%

1. 12. 23. 34. 45. 56. 67. 78. 89. 9

Id the cuboid tarsal.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0%

9%

68%

14%

0%0%

9%

1. A2. B3. C4. D5. E6. F7. G

Id the navicular tarsal.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0%

10% 10%

0%0%

5%

75%

1. A2. B3. C4. D5. E6. F7. G

ID the lateral malleolus

1 2 3 4

10% 10%10%

71%

1. 12. 23. 34. 4

Do Now:How do a male and female pelvis

compare?

List 3 joints and describe their movements.

Articulations: site where 2+ bones meet (joint) providing mobility and stability

Classification of Articulations Structure (material binding bones)

◦ Fibrous (binding connective tissue)◦ Cartilaginous (binding connective tissue)◦ Synovial (joint capsule)

Function (amount of movement)◦ Synarthrosis (Immovable) -axial◦ Amphiarthrosis (slightly movable)-axial◦ Diarthrosis (freely movable)-appendicular

Synathrosis (no movement)Sutures (seams) - fibrous

◦Bones of the skullGomphosis

◦Peridontal ligament bonds tooth w/in alveolar margin

Cartilaginous◦Synchondrosis – hyaline cartilage unites

bones Ex. Connection between 1st rib and manubrium

of sternum, epiphyseal plates

Amphiarthroses (Slightly Movable)

Syndesmosis◦ Fibrous joint connected by

ligament◦ Ex. Distal articulation

between tibia and fibula, interosseous membrane connecting radius and ulna

Symphysis◦ Bones joined by disk of

fibrocartilage◦ Ex. Vertebrae, between pubic

bones

Diarthrosis (Synovial Movement)

Bound by joint capsule and contains synovial fluid

Structure◦ Articular Cartilage – hyaline◦ Joint Cavity – space w/fluid◦ Articular Capsule – fibrous layer & synovial membrane◦ Synovial Fluid – slippery & viscous lubricant◦ Reinforcing ligaments – strengthen joints◦ Nerves and bv – rich supply◦ Bursae – “ball bearing” or bag of lubricant◦ Tendon sheath – elongated bursae◦ Menisci – between interlocking bones of the knee and jaw

Stability of JointStabilized to prevent dislocationArticular Surface

◦Shape – ball and socket of hip is most stableLigaments

◦More ligaments increase strength but limit motion

◦Can only stretch 6% of lengthMuscle Tone

◦Tendons are most important stabilizing factor◦Kept taut by muscle tone

Angular Movements◦ Angular Motion

Flexion – reduces angle between articulating elements

Extension - increases angle between articulating elements

Adduction – moving towards midline

Abduction – moving away from midline

Circumduction – loop motion

Rotational Movements

Rotational

Special Movements◦ Inversion- turns sole of foot

inward (opp-eversion)

◦ Dorsiflexion- ankle flexion (plantar flexion pointed toe)

◦ Opposition – grasping (thumb/fingers toward hand)

◦ Protraction - move anterior across horizontal plane (opp retraction)

◦ Elevation – move superior (opp depression)

Structural Classification of Synovial Joints

Gliding – flat surfaces slide past one another◦ Ends of clavicles◦ Between carpals & tarsals◦ Between vertebrae

Hinge – angular movement in a single direction◦ Occipital bone and atlas◦ Elbow, knee, ankle◦ Interphalangeal joints

Pivot – permit rotation only◦ Atlas and axis◦ Proximal radius and ulna

Ellipsodial – angular motion occurs in 2 planes◦ Radius w/proximal carpals◦ Phalanges w/metacarpals (and metatarsals)

Saddle- permits angular motion but prevents rotation◦ thumb

Ball and socket - round head rests within depression◦ Shoulder◦ hips

The Shoulder

The Elbow

The Hip http://www.edheads.org/activities/hip/

The Knee: Largest and most complex joint

OrganSystem Integration

Which of the following does NOT influence the stability of the joint?

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%1. Shape of articular surface

2. Presence of strong reinforcing ligaments

3. Tone of surrounding muscles

4. Presence of synovial fluid

Freely movable joints are

1 2 3

33% 33%33%1. Synarthrosis2. Diarthrosis3. Amphiarthrosis

Abduction and Adduction always refer to movements of the

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%1. Axial skeleton2. Appendicular

skeleton3. Skull4. Vertebral

column

Standing on tip toe is an example of

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%1. Elevation2. Plantar flexion3. Dorsiflexion4. Retraction

Joints that connect the fingers to metacarpals are

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%1. Ellipsoidal joints2. Pivot joints3. Saddle joints4. Hinge Joints

Subacromial, subcoracoid, and subscapular bursae reduce friction in

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%1. Hip2. Elbow3. Knee4. Shoulder