The Arab-Israeli Conflict Already KNOW NEED to Know Will Learn

The Arab-Israeli The Arab-Israeli ConflictConflict

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NEED to Know

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Words to KnowWords to KnowJewish Diaspora Jewish Diaspora Anti-SemitismAnti-SemitismTheodor HerzlTheodor HerzlZionismZionismBalfour DeclarationBalfour DeclarationU.N. Partition of PalestineU.N. Partition of PalestineSix Day WarSix Day WarNasserNasserYom Kippur WarYom Kippur WarCamp David AccordsCamp David AccordsSadatSadatYasser ArafatYasser ArafatPLO and Palestinian AuthorityPLO and Palestinian AuthorityMahmoud AbbasMahmoud AbbasHezbollahHezbollah

Graphic Organizer Graphic Organizer

A Long History…A Long History… 70 AD: A revolt against Roman rule 70 AD: A revolt against Roman rule

was put down by the Emperor Titus was put down by the Emperor Titus and the Second Temple was and the Second Temple was destroyed. This marks the beginning destroyed. This marks the beginning of the Jewish Diaspora, or of the Jewish Diaspora, or dispersion.dispersion.

638 AD saw region conquered by 638 AD saw region conquered by Muslims. Remained so up until defeat of Muslims. Remained so up until defeat of Ottoman Empire in World War I.Ottoman Empire in World War I.


Jewish Diaspora

In 1896, in response to anti-In 1896, in response to anti-Semitism in Europe, Semitism in Europe, Theodor Herzl, a Jew living Theodor Herzl, a Jew living in Vienna, Austria, wrote in Vienna, Austria, wrote The Jewish StateThe Jewish State, a book , a book promoting the Jewish promoting the Jewish people to seek their own people to seek their own nation.nation.

– Movement became known as Movement became known as ZionismZionism, and by 1903 there , and by 1903 there were 25,000 Jews living in were 25,000 Jews living in Palestine compared to half a Palestine compared to half a million Arabsmillion Arabs

– Believed Judaism should be Believed Judaism should be viewed as a nationality with viewed as a nationality with their own statetheir own state


Jewish Diaspora

Theodor Herzl

Anti-Semitism

World War I brought the World War I brought the Ottoman Empire allied Ottoman Empire allied with Germany and with Germany and Austria Hungary against Austria Hungary against Britain, France, and Britain, France, and Russia. Russia.

Great Britain did quite a bit of double dealingGreat Britain did quite a bit of double dealing-Sent Lawrence of Arabia to encourage Bedouin tribes to -Sent Lawrence of Arabia to encourage Bedouin tribes to

revolt against Turks in exchange for independence. revolt against Turks in exchange for independence. Colonel TE Lawrence Colonel TE Lawrence

-Also split up Ottoman Empire with France to be used as -Also split up Ottoman Empire with France to be used as post war coloniespost war colonies

-1917 British foreign minister Balfour issued famous Balfour -1917 British foreign minister Balfour issued famous Balfour Declaration saying the British government would work Declaration saying the British government would work towards setting up a Jewish state in Palestinetowards setting up a Jewish state in Palestine

*Legitimized Zionism*Legitimized Zionism

Interactive Notebook Question Interactive Notebook Question (Left Side)(Left Side)

Think-Pair-ShareThink-Pair-Share What is the term used to describe What is the term used to describe

hatred of Jews?hatred of Jews?

British Promise to the Jews: Balfour Declaration, 1917British Promise to the Jews: Balfour Declaration, 1917

Sir Arthur James Balfour

Br. Foreign Secretary

Sir Arthur James Balfour

Br. Foreign Secretary

His Majesty’s Government views with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine…


Balfour Declaration

League of Nations MandatesLeague of Nations Mandates

After the First World After the First World War, the League of War, the League of Nations recognized Nations recognized France and Britain as France and Britain as Mandatory PowersMandatory Powers– FranceFrance

LebanonLebanon SyriaSyria

– The United KingdomThe United Kingdom IraqIraq TransjordanTransjordan PalestinePalestine

The League of Nations Mandates after WWI-

New Countries

are Created!

The League of Nations Mandates after WWI-

New Countries

are Created!

Following the Balfour declaration Following the Balfour declaration the population of Jews in Palestine the population of Jews in Palestine rose rose by 300,000 in years leading up to World War 2by 300,000 in years leading up to World War 2

– Led to violence between Jews and PalestiniansLed to violence between Jews and Palestinians– In the 1930’s it was Jewish Zionists, not Palestinians who In the 1930’s it was Jewish Zionists, not Palestinians who

were committing terrorist attackswere committing terrorist attacks


Balfour Declaration

Jews move into

Palestine

WWII and Nazi Concentration

& Extermination

Camps

WWII and Nazi Concentration

& Extermination

Camps

The Nazi HolocaustThe Nazi Holocaust

6,000,00 Jews killed by the Nazis [1/2 in the concentration camps.]

6,000,00 Jews killed by the Nazis [1/2 in the concentration camps.]

Jewish Prisoners

Following World War II Following World War II thousands of Jewish thousands of Jewish immigrants from Europe immigrants from Europe poured into Palestine. poured into Palestine. Situation got out of control and British handed it over to Situation got out of control and British handed it over to the newly formed United Nations. In 1947 the United the newly formed United Nations. In 1947 the United Nations General Assembly voted a 2/3 majority to Nations General Assembly voted a 2/3 majority to

partition Palestine into a partition Palestine into a Jewish and Palestinian Jewish and Palestinian statestate

The Issue in 1947: 1 land or 2?The Issue in 1947: 1 land or 2?

Israeli argumentsIsraeli arguments– We need a safe We need a safe

havenhaven– This should be itThis should be it– God gave it to usGod gave it to us– We make the desert We make the desert

bloombloom

Palestinian Palestinian argumentsarguments– This is our land, our This is our land, our

countrycountry– It should not be It should not be

divideddivided– We have lived here We have lived here

for centuries if not for centuries if not millennia, giving us millennia, giving us the legal claimthe legal claim

Israel Becomes a Nation:

May 14, 1948

Israel Becomes a Nation:

May 14, 1948

David Ben-Gurion,

1st Prime Minister

David Ben-Gurion,

1st Prime Minister

Chaim Weizmann,

1st President

Chaim Weizmann,

1st President

Israel claimed independence in May of Israel claimed independence in May of 1948. 1948. For months prior Israelis and Arabs had For months prior Israelis and Arabs had been waging attacks against one another. been waging attacks against one another. Finally, Finally, the day following the the day following the announcement armies from 5 Arab announcement armies from 5 Arab countries invaded Israel. Jordan, Syria, countries invaded Israel. Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, and Egypt sent armies but Lebanon, Iraq, and Egypt sent armies but all were crushed.all were crushed.

– Outcome was that Egypt seized Gaza Strip while Outcome was that Egypt seized Gaza Strip while Jordan annexed JerusalemJordan annexed Jerusalem

– Both sides had employed terrorism throughout Both sides had employed terrorism throughout conflict. Menachim Begin, a future prime minister of conflict. Menachim Begin, a future prime minister of Israel, was one of the main terrorist leaders of Israel.Israel, was one of the main terrorist leaders of Israel.

– One example was at the village of Deir Yassin outside One example was at the village of Deir Yassin outside of Jerusalem Israelis ran from house to house throwing of Jerusalem Israelis ran from house to house throwing bags of dynamite inside. They killed 240 men, women bags of dynamite inside. They killed 240 men, women and children this way. Goal was to depopulate and and children this way. Goal was to depopulate and seize any areas given to them in the partition.seize any areas given to them in the partition.

– Armistice signed in 1949. Made Israel 1/5 larger than Armistice signed in 1949. Made Israel 1/5 larger than originally planned.originally planned.

Palestinian Refugees throughout the Middle

East

Palestinian Refugees throughout the Middle

East

Palestinian Diaspora


Think-Pair-ShareThink-Pair-Share Why did the powers in Europe give Why did the powers in Europe give

Palestine to the Jews?Palestine to the Jews?


Balfour Declaration

Israel declares independance

Jews move into

Palestine

The Arab-Israeli WarsThe Arab-Israeli Wars

In 1956 the leader In 1956 the leader of Egypt, Gamal Abdel of Egypt, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Nationalized the Nasser, Nationalized the Suez canal which had Suez canal which had been ran by Britain and been ran by Britain and France France previously. previously.

Israel took advantage of this by Israel took advantage of this by allying itself with Britain and France allying itself with Britain and France and attacking the Sinai Peninsula. and attacking the Sinai Peninsula. The British and French also attack, The British and French also attack, centering on the Suez Canal zone. centering on the Suez Canal zone. Was a military victory, but a huge Was a military victory, but a huge diplomatic loss as both the Soviet Union diplomatic loss as both the Soviet Union and the United States backed a UN and the United States backed a UN declaration against the conflict. Israel, declaration against the conflict. Israel, Britain and France were forced to withdraw.Britain and France were forced to withdraw.


Nassar

TerroristsTerrorists

In 1964, the Palestinian Liberation In 1964, the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) was formedOrganization (PLO) was formed. The . The PLO was made up of several Palestinian PLO was made up of several Palestinian political groups in different countries. political groups in different countries. Their goal was to take Palestine back Their goal was to take Palestine back from the Israelisfrom the Israelis. In 1969, . In 1969, Yasser Yasser Arafat became the leader of the PLOArafat became the leader of the PLO, , earlier his Fatah group had conducted earlier his Fatah group had conducted attacks against Israeli civilians.attacks against Israeli civilians.


Nassar PLO

The Six Day War: In 1967 there was The Six Day War: In 1967 there was growing Arab nationalism as well a growing Arab nationalism as well a desire for revenge against Israel.desire for revenge against Israel. These countries began massing along the These countries began massing along the borders of Israel and demanded that UN borders of Israel and demanded that UN peacekeepers leave the area. peacekeepers leave the area.

– Israel warned Jordan and Egypt but when this was Israel warned Jordan and Egypt but when this was ignored Israel launched preemptive strikeignored Israel launched preemptive strike

– Led to anti American sentiment among Arab countries.Led to anti American sentiment among Arab countries.– Israel gained control of Sinai, West Bank, Jerusalem, Israel gained control of Sinai, West Bank, Jerusalem,

Golan Heights, GazaGolan Heights, Gaza– Estimated 500,000 Palestinians fled to neighboring Estimated 500,000 Palestinians fled to neighboring

countriescountries


Think-Pair-ShareThink-Pair-Share What was the goal of the PLO? Why What was the goal of the PLO? Why

did they use Terrorist tactics?did they use Terrorist tactics?


Nassar Six Day War

PLO

More TerrorismMore Terrorism

In 1971, another Palestinian militant In 1971, another Palestinian militant group calling them selves “Black group calling them selves “Black September” infiltrated the Olympics September” infiltrated the Olympics in Munich, Germany and took 11 in Munich, Germany and took 11 Israeli athletes hostage. All of the Israeli athletes hostage. All of the athletes were killed along with five of athletes were killed along with five of the terrorists and one policeman.the terrorists and one policeman.

In 1973 after not being able to In 1973 after not being able to regain territory through diplomatic regain territory through diplomatic means, Egypt and Syria launched means, Egypt and Syria launched surprise attacks against Israel on surprise attacks against Israel on Yom KippurYom Kippur,, the Jewish Day of Atonement, when they knew the Jewish Day of Atonement, when they knew everyone would be at home fasting with family.everyone would be at home fasting with family.

– Initially the Arabs made huge advances but they were turned back 3 weeks Initially the Arabs made huge advances but they were turned back 3 weeks later after Israel received major support from the US.later after Israel received major support from the US.

– Result was that Saudi Arabia and other Result was that Saudi Arabia and other Middle Eastern Middle Eastern countries passed an oil embargo against countries passed an oil embargo against the United States and other countries the United States and other countries that supported Israel. that supported Israel. Gas prices skyrocketed and gas Gas prices skyrocketed and gas was rationed.was rationed.

Camp David Accords (1979)

Camp David Accords (1979)

President President Prime MinisterAnwar Sadat Jimmy Carter Menachem Begin of Egypt of the U. S. Of Israel

In 1978 Camp David accords In 1978 Camp David accords signed as signed as peace treaty peace treaty between Egypt and Israel. between Egypt and Israel. First Arab state to formally accept First Arab state to formally accept legitimacy of Israeli state. Jimmy Carter was key in this process. Signed between legitimacy of Israeli state. Jimmy Carter was key in this process. Signed between Egyptian president Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachim Begin. Egyptian president Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachim Begin. Sadat later assassinated in 1981 by Islamic militants angry about peace with Sadat later assassinated in 1981 by Islamic militants angry about peace with Israel.Israel.

– Returned Sinai Peninsula to EgyptReturned Sinai Peninsula to Egypt


Camp David Peace Accord

In 1982 Israel invaded and In 1982 Israel invaded and occupied Southern Lebanon to occupied Southern Lebanon to protect itself from guerillas protect itself from guerillas who based their attacks on Israel who based their attacks on Israel from there. Ariel Sharon, former from there. Ariel Sharon, former Israeli Prime Minister, was Israeli Prime Minister, was defense minister at the time and defense minister at the time and was forced to resign after a was forced to resign after a number of atrocities and number of atrocities and massacres were committed massacres were committed against Muslims living there. against Muslims living there.

– Yasser Arafat and the Yasser Arafat and the Palestinian Liberation Palestinian Liberation Organization was forced to Organization was forced to flee and would not become flee and would not become overly involved in politics in overly involved in politics in Israel until mid-1990’s Israel until mid-1990’s when Israel gave them when Israel gave them some control and autonomy some control and autonomy over some Palestinian over some Palestinian dominated areasdominated areas

– Israel did not leave Israel did not leave southern Lebanon until southern Lebanon until 20002000

Terrorism continuesTerrorism continues

Hezbollah and Hamas are two Hezbollah and Hamas are two important Arab groups that were important Arab groups that were founded in the mid 1980’s to fight founded in the mid 1980’s to fight against Israelagainst Israel. . Hezbollah is from Lebanon and Hamas Hezbollah is from Lebanon and Hamas is based in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Both groups are is based in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Both groups are supported by Syria and Iran and are made up of Muslims. supported by Syria and Iran and are made up of Muslims.


Camp David Peace Accord

HezbollahAnd

Hamas

Shared water source; Jordan River


Think-Pair-ShareThink-Pair-Share Where is Hamas based? What is Where is Hamas based? What is

their goal?their goal?

The Future???The Future??? What we see today is this wrangling between Israel What we see today is this wrangling between Israel

and the Palestinian Authority over who will control and the Palestinian Authority over who will control what. what.

– Everyone willing to sit and talk but hard to keep Everyone willing to sit and talk but hard to keep extremists under wrapextremists under wrap

Continual attacks by guerrilla groups from safe Continual attacks by guerrilla groups from safe havens of Lebanon, Syria, ect.havens of Lebanon, Syria, ect.

– Largest of groups is Hezbollah. War fought this summer to Largest of groups is Hezbollah. War fought this summer to create buffer zone in southern Lebanoncreate buffer zone in southern Lebanon

Continuing Conflict (Video) Continuing Conflict (Video)

http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=6966854n&tag=contentMain;cbsCarousel

Learning Log: Arab-Jewish ConflictLearning Log: Arab-Jewish Conflict

Essay (1Essay (1stst , 2 , 2ndnd, and 5, and 5thth periods) periods)

–Write a 5 paragraph essay describing the Arab-Jewish Conflict.

Learning Log: Arab-Jewish ConflictLearning Log: Arab-Jewish Conflict

On your own paper; choose only one! Target 400 wordsOn your own paper; choose only one! Target 400 words

1.1. Write an essay describing the Arab-Jewish ConflictWrite an essay describing the Arab-Jewish Conflict2.2. Write a letter to the Palestinian and Jewish leaders as the Write a letter to the Palestinian and Jewish leaders as the

President of the United States detailing their mistakes and President of the United States detailing their mistakes and how to fix them.how to fix them.

3.3. Write a letter as either the Palestinian or Jewish leaders to the Write a letter as either the Palestinian or Jewish leaders to the United Nations explaining your decisions in the conflict up to United Nations explaining your decisions in the conflict up to this point.this point.

4.4. Write a letter as either a Jewish or Palestinian civilian detailing Write a letter as either a Jewish or Palestinian civilian detailing their experiences in the conflict and how life can be improved their experiences in the conflict and how life can be improved for them.for them.

BibliographyBibliography Palestine Remembered. Palestine Remembered.

http://www.palestineremembered.com/Acre/Maps/Story580.html. http://www.palestineremembered.com/Acre/Maps/Story580.html. September 30, 2007.September 30, 2007.

Weekly Ahram Newspaper. Weekly Ahram Newspaper. http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2000/501/nasser1.htm. Setempber 30, 2007http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2000/501/nasser1.htm. Setempber 30, 2007

Honey, R. Application of a Conflict Model To the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. Honey, R. Application of a Conflict Model To the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. University of Iowa. http://www.uiowa.edu/~c044010a/index.html. University of Iowa. http://www.uiowa.edu/~c044010a/index.html. September 9, 2007September 9, 2007

Pojer, Susan M. Arab-Israeli Wars. Horace Greeley HS, Chappaqua, NY. July Pojer, Susan M. Arab-Israeli Wars. Horace Greeley HS, Chappaqua, NY. July 20, 200920, 2009

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The Arab-Israeli Conflict Already KNOW NEED to Know Will Learn