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The bones of limbs
The lower Limbs
By Khaled Na3im
The pelvic girdle = 2 Hip bones + Sacrum
The hip bone ( coxa ) consists of three components:
ilium,
pubis,
and ischium.
Acetabulum and obturator foramen
The ilium
a body a wing or ala :iliac crest → anterior
superior iliac spine , posterior superior iliac spine, anterior inferior iliac spine , posterior inferior iliac spine, tubercle of iliac crest
other structures: iliac fossa and arcuate line
The ischium
a body :ischial tuberosity a ramus:ischial spine , lesser sciatic notch
greater sciatic notch
The pubis
a body: iliopubic eminence and 2 rami:
inferior ramus superior ramus : pecten pubis,
pubic tubercle
Sciatic foramina
The Bones of Lower Limb
femur, patella tibia, fibula,
and bones of foot .
The femurThe upper end: a head … a neck …, and two trochanters …The shaft: is convex anterior linea aspera ( post. Surface ) gluteal tuberosity pectineal line The lower end: medial condyle and lateral condyle, medial and lateral epicondyles adductor tubercle
Femur: Posterior
TibiaFibula
Femur
Lateral condyleMedial condyle
Linea aspera
Greater trochanter
Lesser trochanter
PelvisHead of femur
The patella
Bursae Related toKnee joint
The tibia
The upper end: medial and lateral condyles, intercondylar eminence , tibial tuberosity, The shaft: soleal line, interosseous border The lower end : medial malleolus, fibular notch
The LegFemur
Tibia
Fibula
Tibial tuberosity
Talus (tarsal bone)
Medial malleolusLateral malleolus
Medial condyle of tibia
Lateral condyle of tibia
Lateral condyle of femur
Medial condyle of femur
Knee cap
The fibula
The upper end: a head …and neck …The shaft: interosseous border
The lower end : lateral malleolus
The bones of the foot:
three parts: . the tarsal bones are 7,
. the metatarsal bones are 5
. the phalanges
The tarsal bones
proximal row: talus, calcaneus, navicular and cuboid
distal row: medial, intermedial and
lateral cuneiforms
Medialcuneiform (1)Intermediate
cuneiform (2)
Lateralcuneiform (3)
NavicularA boatIt sails on the Cs
Talus
Calcaneus Cuboid
Tiger Cubs Need M I LC
Foot Quiz
A
B
C
D
E
F
GH
J
A. Phalanges
B. Metatarsals
C. Cuboid
D. Calcaneus
E. Talus
F. Navicular
G. Medial Cuneiform (1)
H. IntermediateCuneiform (2)
J. Lateral Cuneiform (3)
Anatomical DrawingsCopyright Free Anatomical Drawings:
• Online:• Gray’s Anatomy, 1918: 1250 free drawings with descriptions.
Excellent quality, but heavily labeled. http://www.bartleby.com/107/
• Carl Bock. Handbuch der Anatomie des Menschen. 1841. Put on the web by Ronald A. Bergmanhttp://www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/index.shtmlGreat drawings; fewer labels than Gray’s.
• Old Books (UC Berkeley Biosciences Library: (Xerox, then scan):• Cull, P., Ed. (1989). The Sourcebook of Medical Illustration.
Park Ridge, NJ, Parthenon. Simple line drawings. Copyright free.• Toldt, C. (1907). Anatomischer Atlas fur Studierende und Arzte.
Berlin, Urban & Schwarzenberg. • The Limb Bones Powerpoint uses line drawings from Cull.• This disc has examples of drawings from Gray’s & Bock (skull & pelvis)• Make your own photographs & drawings using our models
Medical Mnemonics
Some are in books like this:
• Goldberg, S. (1984). Clinical Anatomy Made Ridiculously Simple. Miami, FL, MedMaster.
There are many more on the Internet. The best site that I have seen is Medical Mnemonics:
• http://www.medicalmnemonics.com
Try making up your own