The Buddhist Leadership Initiative - HIV AIDS Asia Pacific ... · The Buddhist Leadership Initiative For every child Health, Education, Equality, Protection ADVANCE HUMANITY February

The Buddhist Leadership Initiative

For every childHealth, Education, Equality, Protection

ADVANCE HUMANITY

February 2003

Buddhist Leadership Initiative

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The Dhamma BaseDuring an early planning workshop for theSangha Metta Project, monks identifiedthree aspects of the duties of the Buddhistmonk, as taught by Buddha, that spokedirectly to their role in responding to HIV/AIDS in the community:

1. Sangham sarang gaccamiThe monk is the spiritual support of the layperson.

2. Khanda dhura, Vipassana dhuraThe monk has a duty to study and share hisknowledge for the benefit of the layperson.

3. Jarata bhikkhave jarithamphahuchanhitaya phahuchansukhayalokanukampaya attaya hitaya sukhatevamanussanamTo wander from place to place teaching forthe happiness of men and gods.

UNICEF East Asia Pacific Regional Office

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The Buddha taught about suffering. He taught the causeof suffering, the cessation of suffering and the path lead-ing to the cessation of suffering.

AIDS is suffering. And just as there is a cause for suffer-ing, there is also a cause for AIDS. The cessation of AIDSalso exists and there is a path leading to the cessation ofAIDS.

The Buddha defined suffering as birth, old age, sicknessand death. Getting what one wants is suffering, he said.And being separated from the things one loves is also suf-fering.

To define AIDS in terms of suffering we can say that be-ing infected with HIV is suffering. Being ostracized anddiscriminated against is suffering. Loss of income throughlack of employment is suffering. Seeing schools close theirdoors to innocent children is suffering. Falling ill and dyingof AIDS is suffering.

The suffering of AIDS does not stop with the individual,however, but also extends into the family and the commu-nity. Parents and children of people with AIDS also suf-fer.

A family suffers when its main breadwinner becomes in-fected with HIV and can no longer work to earn the moneyrequired to purchase daily needs. Parents suffer as theystruggle to find the money needed to pay for their children’streatment. They suffer as they watch their children growweak, fall ill and eventually die from AIDS.

Children suffer when they are teased and taunted by oth-ers because their parents have HIV/AIDS. They sufferwhen they find that schools and communities will not ac-cept them. Children suffer when they see their parents,once a strong and healthy support, fade into thin, emaci-ated figures. They suffer when they see the ones they lovedie, leaving them orphaned, alone and insecure.

The community suffers through the loss of its workforceto HIV/AIDS. It suffers when it becomes divided and whenincome once generated by strong, healthy people is nolonger available to finance community development. Itsuffers as it watches its younger generation grow up alone,insecure and uneducated.

The nation also suffers through the loss of its workforce.It suffers through loss of productivity, resulting in loss ofincome or a deficit in the national budget. It suffers as itspends vast amounts of money it cannot afford to financetreatment for people who cannot be cured. The nation

suffers as it watches its defenses and security weakenedthrough the loss of its once healthy, young men and women.

Even religion suffers. Monks suffer as fewer and fewerpeople provide less and less food on morning alms round.They suffer when there is no one to contribute to the con-struction or maintenance of temples. They suffer whenthey see that there are no longer any young men to be or-dained as monks, or young boys to be ordained as nov-ices, leaving temples to become deserted and the religionto die.

Yes, AIDS is suffering.

But, if we look at the teachings of the Buddha, we will seethat there is a cause for suffering.

As the Buddha has taught, ignorance is the cause of suf-fering.

What causes the suffering of AIDS?

It is also ignorance.

Ignorance is the root cause for the suffering of AIDS.

Ignorance has caused more suffering and done more dam-age than the virus itself. Through ignorance, millions ofpeople have been infected with HIV. Ignorance on how tolive with HIV has resulted in the rapid and often unneces-sary deterioration in health for many. Ignorance on thecondition has led to discrimination and stigmatization, hasdivided communities and workplaces, closed classroomdoors to innocent children and caused people to elect todie of their own hand rather than die of AIDS.

The Buddha taught that every condition has an oppositecondition. Where there is sadness there is happiness, wherethere is ignorance there is knowledge, where there is suf-fering there is non-suffering.

The suffering of AIDS also has an opposite and that is thenon-suffering of AIDS.

He also taught the way to end suffering by eliminating itat the cause - ignorance. Where there is knowledge, thereis no ignorance and consequently no suffering.

The teachings of the Buddha can also be applied to HIV/AIDS. If we overcome the ignorance that surrounds AIDSand gives birth to all the suffering of AIDS, we can achievethe state where there is no suffering from AIDS.

(Reproduced by permission of Sangha Metta)

HIV/AIDS FROM A BUDDHIST PERSPECTIVEThe Four Noble Truths of AIDS


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The Buddhist Leadership Initiative

What is the Buddhist Leadership Initiative?The Buddhist Leadership Initiative is a program designed to promote the role ofreligious leaders, and build their capacity to guide community response to HIV/AIDS. In Buddhist countries, there is a temple in every community. Buddhistteachings position the temple at the heart of the community, as a place of learn-ing and reflection, and encourage a compassionate response. Monks and nunscan lead communities in caring for and accepting people with HIV, their childrenand families and partners. Monks and nuns can teach young people about avoid-ing HIV infection, using Lifeskills, and Dharma-based approaches, all low-cost,sustainable activities. In many places religious leaders have responded to theepidemic in this way. In many other places this response is evoked through train-ing, information and experience sharing. It is in the latter area that UNICEF isable to help by providing technical assistance.

HIV/AIDS: one of five topmost global priorities for UNICEFThe Regional Buddhist Leadership Initiative has become particularly significantin the light of UNICEF adoption of HIV/AIDS as one of its five topmost globalpriorities. The Declaration of Commitment made at the UN General AssemblySpecial Session on AIDS in 2001 is reflected in the goals of the UNICEF Me-dium Term Strategic Plan 2002-2005 as follows overleaf:

UNICEF aims to “support and strengthen the capacities of individuals, families,


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communities and nations to prevent HIV infection and ensure protection andcare for children and young people infected and affected by HIV and AIDS”.Specifically, UNICEF will support actions to:

(a) prevent new infections among young people;(b) prevent parent-to-child transmission of the HIV virus;(c) expand access to care and support for children and their families livingwith HIV and AIDS; and(d) expand care, protection and support for children orphaned or madevulnerable by HIV and AIDS.

The Regional Buddhist Initiative is an essential component of the structuresrequired to achieve these goals. The role of monks and nuns in leading lay peopleto accept and care for HIV positive people will continue to be vitally importantin creating the supportive and enabling communities that are the key to reducingthe spread of HIV and mitigating its impact.

Going to scale with a Religious ResponseIn Mekong Countries Buddhist monks do not work in a seperate sphere fromgovernment. Buddhist temples and monks are generally the responsibility of aparticular government department or mass organisation. Through the RegionalBuddhist Initiative UNICEF has sought to engage the support and co-operationboth government and the internal governing structures of the Buddhist Order. Aswell, Buddhist Monks have comprehensive internal structures and hierachy whichgovern the establishment of temples and monasteries, abbots, ordination of monks,novices and nuns, religious discipline, teachings, Buddhist education and all ac-tivities undertaken by temple authorities. In each country internal Buddhistgovernment is carried out through committees of abbots at sub-district, district,province and national level in conjunction with the National Buddhist Associa-tion.

In many countries monks also run schools, both for ordained novices and for

Cambodian Supreme Patriarch gives Buddha image to HIV positive woman


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local children. There are a significant number of temple schools in Lao PDR,Cambodia, Myanmar and Thailand. These schools teach national education de-partment curricula but may also teach Pali and Buddhist Scriptures. In additionthere are Buddhist Universities where monks can study for the highest Pali Scrip-ture exams and often study contemporary subjects as well.

Building on TraditionWhile the global HIV/AIDS epidemic is a relatively recent phenomenon, theprinciples and mechanisms that underpin the Buddhist Leadership Initiative comefrom the heart of Buddhist tradition and belief. Buddhist ideals like moderation,self-discipline and compassion are also central to effective HIV prevention andcreating enabling environments for people with HIV/AIDS.


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The relationship between the Buddhist temple and the communities around isreciprocal. Communities build and maintain temples, feed and clothe thetemple’s monks thereby earning merit. Monks, in turn, provide spiritualleadership, instruction and counselling, and perform weddings, funerals, houseblessings and other important ceremonies. The temple is a social and spiritualfocus for the community, often the venue for community meetings, as well as aplace for peace, solace, refuge and prayer. Temple schools are often the onlymeans to an education for the poorest children or for orphaned children.

These services are opportunities for monks to practise some core Buddhistprinciples. For lay people, showing respect and deference for a monk or nun,becoming a temporary novice and attending meditation courses and retreats allbring spiritual merit.

The status of Buddhist nuns varies with culture and the sects of Buddhism. Inthe Theravada countries of the Mekong Region, nuns take far fewer vows thanmonks. Recently, there have been moves in Thailand to re-introduce an orderof nuns equal in status to monks which existed in the time of the Buddha. Thisorder has been re-enstated in Sri Lanka, and has been traditional in manyMahayana Buddhist countriesin East Asia. From the point of view of HIV/AIDS programming, nuns have the advantage that they can talk more inti-mately with lay women.

How Buddhist Monks and Nuns Can HelpThe relationship between the temple, and the monks and nuns attached to it,and the surrounding community provides many opportunities for effectiveprevention and care programming. Monks and nuns can lead communities in:

♦ Reducing the level of discrimination experienced by peopleliving with HIV.Experience has shown that the influence and respect that temple abbotscommand in the community means both that their example will benoted and followed and the mere fact of their involvement will confer


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status and dignity on people otherwise liable to be stigmatised.

♦ Improving the level of care and support for people living withHIV in the community.Monks’ traditionial role in giving blessings and conducting rites aimedat increasing longetivity, as well as supplying traditional herbalmedicines and sacred objects, like amulets has been helpful to peoplewith HIV and AIDS. Importantly, many are proving to have a gift forcounselling. They are also highlty effective in advocacy with relativesand communities to care for their HIVpositive members

♦ Reducing community vulnerability to HIV.For example, in Thailand, monks run special “Dharma” camps givingyoung people the chance to aqcuire skills in meditation, and reflect ontheir behaviour in relation to Buddhist virtues such as moderation.They also provide practical assistance to community members throughmicro-credit and income generation schemes.

Islamic and Christian ResponsesIn 2003 UNICEF, Indonesia plans to launch the Regional Islamic LeadershipInitiative, using principles derived from and lessons learnt from the RegionalBuddhist Leadership Initiative, and experiences in Uganda and other Idslamiccountries. Activities planned include: a review of existing work by Islamic leadersto identify gaps and entry points; baseline surveys in selected schools, mosquesand Islamic youth organisations; advocacy workshops with the Nahdlatul Ulama(NU), Muhammadiyah and the Council of Ulama to articulate the impact of HIV/AIDS in children, youth and women in Indonesia; training of trainers for schoolbased life-skills including curriculum development using Islamic scripturalreferences; Mosque based interventions; HIV education and awareness throughIslamic youth organisations.

A Christian Leadership Initiative is also planned for Papua New Guinea and thePacific Island Countries


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The Sangha Metta ProjectLaunched by instructors and Buddhist monks at the Lanna Campus ofMahamakut Buddhist University in Chiang Mai, Thailand in November 1998,the Sangha Metta Project provides specialised training and support to a net-work of monks and nuns in Thailand, and has been a source of inspiration,training and other technical assistance for the Buddhist Leadership Initiativeall over East Asia and the Pacific.

Sangha Metta takes its name from two Pali words: the order of Buddhistmonks, the Sangha, and Metta, meaning compassion, one of the core Buddhistvirtues. Much of the project’s success lies in its training formula, which equipsmonks and nuns with basic knowledge and skills they can then use to developtheir own, locally appropriate, responses.

Sangha Metta training covers awareness-raising; prevention education; partici-patory social management skills and tools; encouraging tolerance and compas-sion for people affected HIV/AIDS in the community; and providing directspiritual and economic support to people and families affected by HIV/AIDS.

To help the trainees to develop their understanding of HIV/AIDS and theproblems threatening their community, HIV/AIDS is presented within theframework of the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism: suffering (Dukkha), thecause of suffering (Samudaya) the cessation of suffering (Nirodha) and thepath leading to the cessation of suffering (Magga). In this exercise, partici-pants replace suffering with HIV/AIDS.

Back in their communities, the monks and nuns apply these skills in a way thatfits in with local needs and makes use of the available resources. Active


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networking keeps fresh ideas circulating. To date, Sangha Metta has trainedmore than 2,500 monks and nuns in Thailand and beyond.Through UNICEF,the project has provided training and advice for monks and nuns in Cambodia,China and Lao PDR and ethnic Shan monks along the Thai-Myanmar border.

ChinaSangha Metta assisted the Buddhist Leadership Initiative among the Thai Leunational group in Xi Shuang Ban Na prefecture, Yunnan province, with anorientation training in September 1999. This was followed by a short course inusing the Lifeskills approach to teach children and community members aboutHIV/AIDS.

Following the monitoring and strategic planning visit from EAPRO in Decem-ber 2002, plans are underway for a training programme in advocacy andsupport in 2003.

Buddhist Leadership Initiative activities in Xi Shuang Ban Na:

♦ Children in temple schools and children attending language and cultureprograms at the temple were provided with Lifeskills-based HIV/AIDSeducation

♦ Monks have produced their own HIV/AIDS education materials (cassette tapes of songs, and leaflets) in the Thai Leu language

♦ Monks have used sermons and events to teach community membersabout HIV/AIDS, and even visited remote communities for specialtraining sessions.

A Chinese monk is interviewed for the UNICEF documentary series “WithHopeandHelp”, which features interviews with people living with HIV . The film hasproved a valuable tool to reduce discrimination in communities..


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CambodiaIn May 2001, Cambodia became the first country in East Asia and the Pacificto have the government approve a national policy for the Buddhist response toHIV/AIDS. The policy was developed through UNICEF sponsored consulta-tions between senior representatives of the Cambodian Sangha and the Minis-try of Cults and Religions. These followed on from a sub-regional seminar inPhnom Penh in May 2000 where monks from Thailand and the Sangha Mettaproject provided valuable technical assistance.

The national policy has added a new dimension and new impetus to agrassroots movement among monks and nuns in Cambodia. Temples alreadyplay an important role in caring for the high number of orphans in abandonedchildren in Cambodia, the legacy of decades of armed conflict. UNICEFCambodia has now signed a Memorandum of Understanding with theGovernemnt to work with Provincial Departments of Cults and Religions inten provinces to support monks and nuns to implement the national policy.

As the AIDS situation worsens and more people become ill and die, Cambo-dian monks are increasing their support to HIV positive people. FollowingUNICEF supported casacde training in provinces such as Battamabang, monksare becoming active in home and hospital visiting. In 2003-4 UNICEF willfocus on building counselling and advocacy capacity in monks and nuns, aswell as increasing their access to, and improving communication with youngpeople.

Collaboration between regional office, UNICEF Cambodia and counterparts inboth countries has continued to add value to national responses in both Thai-land and Cambodia over the past two years. In May 2001, the Supreme Patri-archs of Cambodia’s two main Buddhist sects, accompanied by the CambodianMinister of Cults and Religions, were invited by UNICEF to visit Thailand inorder to study the activities of the country’s Buddhist monks and nuns in theHIV/AIDS response.

Somdech Tep Vong, one of Cambodia’s two Supreme Patriarch,gives an amulet to an HIV positive womanon on a study visit to Thailand


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The delegation visited the National AIDS Authority and the Department ofReligious Affairs in Bangkok, before heading to the north of Thailand to visittemples where monks and nuns are involved in HIV/AIDS care and support.The study visit also involved an historic audience between the Cambodian andThai Supreme Patriarchs. The visit was given a lot of coverage in the Thaipress which raised the issue of a Thai national policy on the religious responseand provided opportunities for Thai government and non-governmentorganisations to discuss the role of Buddhism in HIV/AIDS.

Lao PDRIn Lao PDR the Religious Department of the Lao Front for National Construc-tion, is responsible for monks, nuns, novices and temples along with theinternal Sangha governing body. UNICEF Lao PDR has supported the LaoFront for National Construction and senior monks to develop the “MettaThamm” Project. The Project was launched in September 2001 with a highlysuccessful orientation training workshop for 80 monks, nuns and novices at aForest Retreat during Buddhist Lent, followed by training for fourth year monkstudents at the Buddhist College in Vientiane.

A study visit to Northern Thailand for monks and relevant government offi-cials was conducted in November 2001. This included an action planningsession, where the Lao monks committd themselves to support people withHIV/AIDS materially and spiritually, to work to remove discrimination andend prejudice against them and to involve them in decisions which concernedthem. The Metta Thamm Project now has staff allocated to the project, theirfirst newsletter has been produced and course training monks in using herbalmedicine to provide symptomatic relief to people with HIV/AIDS wasorganised in 2002. Following a UNICEF training course in counselling Laomonks are now involved in counselling people with HIV in Savannakehethopital’s self-help group. 2003 will see the project extended south toChampassak, and north to Bo Keo and Luang Phra Bang .

Newsletter and brochurepublished by Mettha Thamin 2002


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ThailandHome of the Sangha Metta project, Thailand leads the way in modelling thegrass roots response to HIV/AIDS at community temple level, particularly inNorth and North -East Thailand. The Department of Religious Affairs and theSangha Governing Council acknowledge that monks and nuns have a role toplay in communities in relation to HIV prevention and care. The Departmentof Religious Affairs receives two million baht a year to fund HIVcare projectsin temples and is exploring other ways in which temples can help supportpeople with HIV. A range of collaborative projects with UNICEF are beingplanned for 2003. Thailand will continue to be a valuable resource for theregion, for study visits as well as resource people.

Viet NamViet Nam is the newest entrant into the Regional Initiative with its projecttitled “Buddhist partcipation in the National AIDS Response”. UNICEFPartners in Viet Nam are the Department of Religious Affairs which sits withinthe mass organisation, the Viet Nam Fatherland Front and the NationalBuddhist Association of Viet Nam. Although there was initially some appre-hension on the part of governemnt as to the appropriateness of a projectinvolving monks in HIV/AIDS , these have now been overcome with someadditional advocacy from the Regional Office and Sangha Metta in a NationalConsultation held with senior monks and Fatherland Front Officials in hanoi inOctober. Thi s was followed by a study tour to Thailand in December 2002 andfurther training is planned throughout 2003. Though Viet Nam was notincluded in the recent Review of the Regional Buddhist Initiative, the resultsof the review were presented in Hanoi in Januray 2003. At this meeting theFatherland Front outlined four possible pilot projects for the South, North,Central and South -West regions of the country, which all differ in terms of theBuddhist demographic and organisation and number of pagodas , monks, nuns.

Vietnamese monks participate in the funeral of a man with AIDSon a study visit to Northern Thailand


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South Asia

Bhutan

Religion and Health ProjectIn this rugged and remote country, Buddhist religious communities continue tobe a major social force. The head of the central governing body of monks, the JeKhenpo (supreme patriarch) is equal in status to the King of Bhutan. Buddhistmonks not only perform religious rites for individuals, communities and the court,but operate a large scale monastic education system and hold positions in theNational Assembly and Royal Advisory Council.

Only recently have Buddhist monks in Bhutan begun to be involved indevelopment projects, although they have always had a role in caring for thespiritual welfare of Bhutanese society. Up till now they have not been involvedin HIV/AIDS. Only a few HIV infections have so far been detected in the countrybut given the HIV/AIDS epidemic situation in neighbouring countries, all levelsof government are extremely concerned about the future prospects. There is aconsensus that all sectors of society must get involved in combating HIV/AIDS.

The EAPRO Buddhist ReligiousLeadership initiative has applicationto both Mahayana and TheravadaBuddhism, to countries outside theMekong, and to social and healthproblems other than HIV/AIDS, as thefollowing projects in Bhutan demon-strate.


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The National AIDS Committee acknowledges that there are very few NGOs inBhutan and that the National STD/AIDS Programme needs to encouragecommunity-based organization to develop intervention projects targeted atpopulations at particular risk for HIV. In 1989, the Department of Health and theDratshang Lhentshog (National Council for Religious Affairs) formallyrecognized the potential of the religious practitioners for promotion of healthand well-being, and jointly endorsed an initiative that culminated with the Religionand Health Project, with support from UNICEF.

The aim of theReligion and Health Project was to improve the quality of life ofthe Bhutanese by harmonizing religious faith and practices with modern healthcare promotion. Building on the Religion and Health project, and study tours toThailand in 1999 and 2000 , UNICEF Bhutan held a participatory workshop onthe role of monks in development in late 2001. The Dharma-based analysisdeveloped by Sangha Metta Convenor, Laurie Maund to promote social actionon HIV/AIDS, was successfully adapted to address broader social and economicissues.

Comments from Monks Workshop on Social Action in Bhutan

“Buddha has told others to become a lantern, to show the light and the way -therefore it is the job of the monastic body to do this work.”

“It is the duty of monks to support the well-being of the people. Until now Icouldn’t do this, our country is small and isolated and I didn’t have theopportunity to learn from experts. In the future I will try to do something.”

The possibilities for synergy and mutual learning in the area of the religiousresponse to HIV/AIDS have been widely acknowledged by religious leaders inthe region. UNICEF EAPRO will continue to furnish technical assistance tocountries in the East Asia Pacific Region to stimulate the most comprehensiveresponse to HIV/AIDS from national religious bodies.

Review and Strategic Planning Process

EAPRO recently commissioned a review and strategic planning process for theRegional Buddhist Leadership Initiative in China, Cambodia and Lao PDR.The review and planning process was participatory and involved consultationswith monks, government officials, community members and communitymembers with HIV/AIDS to obtain their ideas for the way monks couldbesthelp and to gauge the impact of activities to date. The findings of the reviewdemonstrated that monks were particularly effective in psychological care andsupport for people with HIV, and able to have in some cases an immediateeffect on their health and peace of mind. The review also concluded monksneeded a greater focus on advocacy for a compassionate approach. Acomprehensive strategy outline has been produced and is being circulated tocountries to adapt to local circumstances.


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Why A Regional ApproachApplying Lessons LearntAs the body of expertise on HIV/AIDS grows in Asia and the Pacific, itbecomes increasingly important to apply both recent findings and theexperiences of the last decade to emerging epidemics.

Timing is important too, lessons learnt in one country need to be shared withothers quickly, unlike academic research which can take years to be published.Pursuing strategic priorities means limited resources are directed to where theycan do most to slow the spread of HIV and mitigate its impact on children,families and communities.

At the same time projects have to be brought scale, usually through the in-volvement of National Governments. Unless this is done HIV/AIDS preven-tion and care will continue to be scattered and ineffective, the weak point ofmany high quality NGO projects which are low reach and resource intensive.

Spotting successes and replicating them rapidly has become the over archingaim of agencies working on HIV/AIDS. But this requires different sets of skillsand structures. The latter task, replicating effective interventions is rarely withinthe scope of the success spotters. In the case of UNICEF, however, UNICEF’sCountry Offices provide an on-the-spot vector for the latest lessons on HIV/AIDS to be incorporated into programmes.

How the EAPRO Mekong Partnership has really helpedInvolving religious leaders is an important part of community mobilisation.Through the work of UNICEF Country Offices, and technical assistance fromthe Sangha Metta Buddhist Monks HIV/AIDS project, the EAPRO MekongPartnership has supported monks becoming involved in practical care and supportfor people living with HIV/AIDS at local level throughout the region. The EAPROMekong Partnership has utilised UNICEF’s extensive country framework tocontribute to National Governments’ HIV/AIDS programs. Crucial technical andfinancial assistance provided by EAPRO supports the development of effectiveHIV/AIDS policies and programming in this area across the sub region.

In the area of community mobilisation, EAPRO has developed prototypetraining courses, materials and networks, and then, set about disseminatingthese models to Country Offices and through a process of consultation anddiscussion with UNICEF Country Offices and National Counterparts,supporting the adaptation of the model to local conditions. This process hasbeen followed with the Buddhist Leadership Initiative, a particularly valuableintervention. As we have seen in Cambodia the exchange doesn’t stop there. Itis important to keep feedback going between countries as local adaptationstake off in unforeseen ways adding to our accumulated experience andreducing the toll taken by the epidemic on our kids, families and communities.

For more information on UNICEF HIV/AIDS programmingcontact:Robert BennounRegional Adviser HIV/AIDSUNICEF EAPRO19 Phra Atit RoadBangkok 10200, Thailand

Mark StirlingPrinciple Global Adviser HIV/AIDSUNICEF Headquarters3 United Nations PlazaNew York, NY 10017, USA

Website EAPRO HIV/AIDS: www.unicef.org/eapro-hivaidsWebsite UNICEF: www.unicef.orgEmail: [email protected] [email protected]

Update February 2003

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The Buddhist Leadership Initiative - HIV AIDS Asia Pacific ... · The Buddhist Leadership Initiative For every child Health, Education, Equality, Protection ADVANCE HUMANITY February