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The Cell Cycle & Cell Division

The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

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Page 1: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

The Cell Cycle &

Cell Division

Page 2: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

The Cell Cycle

http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/2001/press.html

Page 3: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

Animated Cycle

http://www.cellsalive.com/cell_cycle.htm

Page 4: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

MITOSIS

Page 5: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

Mitosis

The process of cell division which results in the production of two daughter cells

from a single parent cell.

The daughter cells are identical to one another and to the original parent

cell.

Page 6: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

Mitosis can be divided into stages

• Interphase

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase & Cytokinesis

Page 7: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

InterphaseThe cell prepares for division

• Animal Cell – DNA replicated– Organelles

replicated– Cell increases in

size

• Plant Cell– DNA replicated– Organelles

replicated– Cell increases in

size

Page 8: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

Interphase

Animal Cell Plant Cell

Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Page 9: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

ProphaseThe cell prepares for nuclear division

• Animal Cell– Packages DNA into

chromosomes

• Plant cell– Packages DNA into

chromosomes

Page 10: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

Prophase

Animal Cell Plant Cell

Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Page 11: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

MetaphaseThe cell prepares chromosomes for

division• Animal Cell

– Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell

– Spindle fibers attach from daughter cells to chromosomes at the centromere

• Plant Cell– Chromosomes line

up at the center of the cell

– Spindle fibers attach from daughter cells to chromosomes at the centromere

Page 12: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

Metaphase

Animal Cell Plant Cell

Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Page 13: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

AnaphaseThe chromosomes divide

• Animal Cell– Spindle fibers pull

chromosomes apart

– ½ of each chromosome (called chromotid) moves to each daughter cell

• Plant Cell– Spindle fibers pull

chromosomes apart

– ½ of each chromosome (called chromotid) moves to each daughter cell

Page 14: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

Anaphase

Animal Cell Plant Cell

Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Page 15: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

TelophaseThe cytoplasm divides

• Animal Cell– DNA spreads out– 2 nuclei form– Cell wall pinches in to

form the 2 new daughter cells

• Plant Cell– DNA spreads out– 2 nuclei form– New cell wall forms

between to nuclei to form the 2 new daughter cells

Page 16: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

Telophase

Animal Cell Plant Cell

Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Page 17: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

Mitosis Animation

http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm

Page 18: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

Animal Mitosis -- Review

Interphase

                                              

              

Prophase

                                             

               

Metaphase

                                              

              

Anaphase

                                             

               

Telophase

                                              

              

Interphase

                                             

               

Page 19: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

Plant Mitosis -- ReviewInterphase

                                                        

    

Prophase

                                                       

     

Metaphase

                                                        

    

Anaphase

                                                       

     

Telophase

                                                        

    

Interphase

                                                       

     

Page 20: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

MEIOSIS

Page 21: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Meiosis is the type of cell division by which germ cells (eggs and sperm) are produced.

One parent cell produces four daughter cells.

Daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes found in the original

parent cell

Page 22: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

During meiosis, DNA replicates once, but the nucleus divides twice.

Page 23: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Four stages can be described for each division of the nucleus.

Page 24: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

Meiosis I

First division of meiosis

Page 25: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

Prophase I

http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html

Page 26: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

First Division of Meiosis• Prophase 1: Each chromosome duplicates and

remains closely associated. These are called sister chromatids.

• Metaphase 1: Chromosomes align at the center of the cell.

• Anaphase 1: Chromosome pairs separate with sister chromatids remaining together.

• Telophase 1: Two daughter cells are formed with each daughter containing only one chromosome of the chromosome pair.

Page 27: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

Prophase I

http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html

Page 28: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

Metaphase I

http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html

Page 29: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

Telophase I

http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html

Page 30: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Second Division of Meiosis

Page 31: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

Second Division of Meiosis• Prophase 2: DNA does not replicate.

• Metaphase 2: Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell

• Anaphase 2: Centromeres divide and sister chromatids move separately to each pole.

• Telophase 2: Cell division is complete.

Four haploid daughter cells are formed.

Page 32: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

Prophase II

http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html

Page 33: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

Metaphase II

http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html

Page 34: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

Telophase II

http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html

Page 35: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

http://www.biosci.uga.edu/almanac/bio_103/notes/apr_3.html.

Page 36: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

Meiosis Animation

http://www.rothamsted.bbsrc.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/movie/meiosis.htm

Page 37: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

Differences in Mitosis & Meiosis

• Mitosis– Asexual– Cell divides once– Two daughter cells– Genetic information is identical

• Meiosis– Sexual– Cell divides twice– Four haploid daughter cells– Genetic information is different

Page 38: The Cell Cycle & Cell Division. The Cell Cycle

Comparison Animations

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/baby/divi_flash.html

http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/science/sciber00/7th/genetics/sciber/animatin.htm