"The Challenge of Young "The Challenge of Young Academic EuropeAcademic Europe

integrating and overcoming integrating and overcoming University tradition". University tradition".

Antonio ScagliaAntonio Scaglia

Università Magna Grecia CZ 2012Università Magna Grecia CZ 2012ESD ESD Summer School 2012Summer School 2012

Sustainable Young EuropeSustainable Young Europe

Europe - University - Modernity

Greece (Hellas and Colonies) develops philosophical thought . Pre-Socratic, Socrates Dialogues, Plato (Foundation of “Academia”, Aristotle's School - Peripatetic's, Sophist School, Hellenistic philosophy and world vision

Rafael: Academia

School of Athens

Hellenistic globalisation

Hellenistic “globalisation” deletes Polis Democratic Model in favour of a new dramatic political dream: from the “autonomous city” to the Alexander’s Great Empire

Miletian City and Alexandria Library

Rome: Law – Roads - Army – Dominium and “Pax Romana”

Rome builds up a powerful EmpireAbandoning the “Republic System” for

the “Empire System” based upon an high structured “Law, Army, Economic and Political Unit”: different countries but dominated and submitted to Rome.

[Rome is strongly bounded to Greek culture (language, philosophy, art]

Roman Road: Pompei and Balkans

Theodor Mommsen “Rome History” and the Max Weber “Bourgeois Culture”

The Th. Mommsen Book (Römische Kaisergeschichte: 1854-1885) is highlighting Rome’s Greatness and Weakness

Rome abandon ‘Republican’ Spirit and develops an aristocratic and authoritarian social and political system

‘Patres Conscripti’ as a process transforming bourgeois in noble class

The Light of Bourgeois Culture

Nevertheless, in Max Weber’s opinion, the Ancient Society and Culture, after a “long sleep” which followed the Roman Empire decline and fall,

“awaked again in the Middle Age which places Ancient Culture up in the Light of the Bourgeois Culture”

.Birth of Modern Bourgeoisie Middle Age Cities and Corporations looking for

freedom

Ulmer Town Hall – Bruges Town Hall

Reims Cathedral

Corporations: Symbols and Power

European Bourgeois Culture: Empire, Democratic Communes City and Bourgeois Modernity

Middle Age European University was born in order to express (- culturally and professionally – in the best way “capacity and power of a new ruling class”: Bourgeoisie – Bürgertum – Borghesia.

Note: The contemporary German historic, economic and sociology School is highlighting central meaning of Middle Age Society Culture and Politics: (W. Nippel, Gh. Oexle, K. Reiner, J. Kocka etc.).

No - legitimate Power in „decided and creative way“ (A. Scaglia: „Max Webers Idealtypus der Nichtlegitimen Herrschaft“ (Leske+Budrich 2001)

Bologna and Paris University

The mor ancient Universities (Europe)

Scuola medica salernitana, Salerno, Italia verosimilmente founded IX Century

Università di Bologna, Italia, founded 1088 Università di Parigi, Francia, founded 1090 Università di Oxford, Inghilterra, founded attorno al

1096 Università di Parma, Italia, founded 1117 Università di Modena, Italia, founded 1175 Università di Cambridge, Inghilterra, founded 1208 Università di Arezzo, Italia, founded 1215 Università di Salamanca, Spagna, founded 1218

Università di Padova, Italia, founded 1222 Università Federico II, Napoli, Italia, founded 1224 Università di Vercelli, Italia, founded 1228 Università di Treviso, Italia, founded attorno al 1231[5] Università di Siena, Italia, founded 1240 Università di Valladolid, Spagna, founded 1241 Università di Macerata, Italia, founded 1290 Università di Coimbra, Portogallo, founded 1290

Universitad Complutense de Madrid, Spagna, founded 1293 ad Alcalá de Henares

Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italia, founded 1303

Università di Perugia, Italia, founded 1308 Università di Firenze, Italia, founded 1321 Università di Camerino, Italia, founded 1336 Università di Pisa, Italia, founded 1343

Universidad Alcalà de Henares

Università di Prague, Check Republic, founded 1348

Università di Pavia, Italia, founded 1361 Università Jagellonica of Cracovia, Polony,

founded 1364 Università di Vienna, Austria, founded 1365 Università di Pécs, Hungaria, founded 1367 Università di Heidelberg, Germany, founded

1386 Università of Colonia, Germany, founded

1388

Università di Ferrara, Italia, founded 1391 Università di Zara, Croatia, founded 1396 Università di Torino, Italia, founded 1404 Università di Lipsia, Germania, founded 1409 Università di St. Andrews, Scozia, founded 1412 Università di Rostock, Germany, founded 1419 University Cath. di Lowen, Belgium, founded 1425 Universits of Poitiers, France, founded 1431 Università di Catania, Italia, founded 1434

University of Glasgow, Scotland, founded 1450 University of Barcelona, Spain, founded 1450 University of Istanbul, Turky, founded 1453 University of Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern,

Germania, founded 1456 University of Friburgo, Baden-Württemberg,

Germania, founded 1457 University of Basilea, Switzerland, founded 1460 Università of Munich in Bavaria, Germany, founded

1472

University Uppsala, Sweden, founded 1477 University of Copenhagen, Danmark, founded

1479 Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen,

Tubinga, Germania, founded 1477 Università di Genova, Italia, founded 1481 University Aberdeen, Scotland, founded 1494 Universidad Santiago de Compostela, Spain,

founded 1495

First European Universities as Studium in different fields and deserving ruling classes

“If Bologna due her initial glory to Law studies

and Paris to Theology, Oxford will very soon develop her fame

bounded to the Logic and Sciences School!”

Universities deserve the ruling classes expectations: Church, Corporations, Politics

The huge science development: Dewey Decimal Classification

1 Class 000 – Computer science, information & general works 2 Class 100 – Philosophy & psychology 3 Class 200 – Religion 4 Class 300 – Social sciences 5 Class 400 – Language 6 Class 500 – Science 7 Class 600 – Technology 8 Class 700 – Arts & recreation 9 Class 800 – Literature 10 Class 900 – History & geography 11 See also 12 References 13 External links

Subclassification 300: Social Sciences

Class 300 – Social sciences

300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology 300 Social sciences 301 Sociology & anthropology 302 Social interaction 303 Social processes 304 Factors affecting social behavior 305 Social groups 306 Culture & institutions 307 Communities 308 No longer used—formerly Polygraphy 309 No longer used—formerly History of sociology

Otherwise USA University …

“USA Universities show from the Beginning great flexibility, private initiative’s strong influence and an autonomous regulation,”

The Middle Class constitutes a central engine of University system (look at the actual debate in USA President election).

Harward USA University

Back to E. J.Syeyès and A. de Toqueville …

E.J. Syeyès: Le Tiers Etat Alexis de Toqueville: Ancient regime and the

Revolution, Souvenirs. Max Weber: Die Bürgerliche Kultur (Last

Lectures) 1919/20: Munich). The struggle between Lenin bolshevism and

Social democratic mediation Rosa Luxembourg and Kautsky) trying to open the rigid Leninist model (Capital Accumulation 1913)

Opening of the “Etats Generaux: 5th May 1789

Academic Youth integrating and overcoming University Tradition The more advanced academic young people, even

accepting national and local rules and models Is trying to break the enclosure of Universities Tradition

keeping more and more in contact with different universities system worldwide

this Young Academic Leading Movement represent the new Ruling Class a “real no legitimate Power”

Tradition: scientific knowledge, ‘ Rhetoric ’, vocational skill New Perspective: Innovative capacity to understand and

draw up new scientific, communication and productive world

Breaking the “Iron Cages” of the Luhmann’s blocked World

Breaking Classical Sociological Paradigms

From M. Weber survive the open Historic Social Research Method

Up with T. Parsons “Social System” and Structural Functionalism (also with the R. K. Merton Updating: Theory and Social Structure)

Up also with K. Marx Historical Dialectic Capital – Proletarian Class

Breaking the “Iron Cages” of the Luhmann’s blocked World :“autorefererential closed communicative circulation and interferencies”

Students move in the World

Eminent elements of the new Young Academic Ruling Class (1)

Politically independent and not necessarily radical

Learning first “Epistemology and Methodology” in order to acquire easily and quickly professional skills

Multicultural personality: to pass from society to another one, from culture to another one, to speak different languages, interact “tolerantly” with different partners (colleagues, students, managers and clients)

Able to avoid the rigid domination of Finance, Politics and University Close System

Eminent elements of the new Young Academic Ruling Class (2)

Because educated in different academic milieu and national institutions, this New Academic Ruling Class is naturally dealing with interdisciplinary perspective: or in building up scientific theoretic Model or working out applied projects independently from International Corporations

ESD Students are surely a Minority but – looking at the acquired experience – they are breaking the “Iron Cages” of the Luhmann’s blocked World:thez will be the New Academic International Ruling Class

ESD: sociologydegree.eu

Look at the website: sociologydegree.eu Please provide reflections, comments,

experiences of International Educational Sociology; provide also pictures to be uploaded on the website: sociologydegree.eu

Enlightenment, Positivism, Modern European State (Napoleon)

This Ruling Class has to resist against:“Modern Continental University

marked and leaded by the State. The way out from this central political model is strongly characterizing European Continental University”.

Binomial of Modernity: Bourgeoisie and State

Bourgeoisie

Max Weber and Karl Marx: Bourgeoisie, Proletariat and State

Max Weber’s Bourgeoisie has two main characters : Besitz und Bildung –propriety (Capital - ) and culture (–Scientific skill -)

Question: How could You this New University Young Ruling Class?

You are a potential Answer : ESD / Students

Thank you.

And now let us Open Debate

Süddeutsche Zeitung 11.September 2012

Renten-Diskussion Eine Zukunft voll ängstlicher Wenns

Ein Kommentar von Charlotte Frank

WARUM SOLLTE EIN JUNGER MENSCH NICHT AUCH SELBST FÜR SEIN ALTER VORSORGEN? DIE ANTWORT IST SIMPEL: WEIL ER ES NICHT KANN. LEBENSLÄUFE SEHEN ANDERS AUS ALS ZU DER ZEIT, IN DER DIE ELTERN HEUTIGER BERUFSEINSTEIGER ZU ARBEITEN BEGONNEN HABEN - SIE SIND VOLLER BRÜCHE. DESWEGEN IST ES UMSO WICHTIGER, DASS ENDLICH IN BERLIN DEBATTIERT WIRD. WER NICHT MEHR AN DEN SOZIALSTAAT GLAUBT, DER PFLEGT IHN AUCH IN ZUKUNFT NICHT.