The Civil Rights Movement (1955-1975)

De Jure Segregation• Separation of races imposed by law

• Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)– “Separate but equal” (never the case)

1947-Jackie Robinson Integrates Major League Baseball

Bobby Doerr, Joe Cronin, Johnny Pesky, Carl Yastrzemski, Ted Williams, Carlton Fisk, Jackie Robinson

1948-Desegregation of Military

Roy Wilkins, Walter White & Thurgood Marshall

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)• Supreme Court overturns Plessy v. Ferguson

and states that “separate but equal” is unconstitutional

Thurmond Marshall-1st Black Supreme Court Justice (1967-1991)

White Citizens Councils

Emmett Till Murder (Aug. 28, 1955)

Rosa Parks

Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956)• 1 yr. boycott of buses (carpooled, walked,

biked)

• Supreme Court rules segregated buses illegal

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.• Leader of Mont. Boycott (Head of MIA)

• Urged Civil Disobedience & Nonviolent protest

MLK In Montgomery

Conflict in Little Rock, AR (1957)• Central High

– Integrate Schools; 9 black teenagers volunteer

“Little Rock Nine”

Conflict in Little Rock, AR (1957)• Central High

– Integrate Schools; 9 black teenagers volunteer– Ark. Gov. refuses & sends in Nat’l Guard

Conflict in Little Rock, AR (1957)• Central High

– Integrate Schools; 9 black teenagers volunteer– Ark. Gov. refuses & sends in Nat’l Guard– Ike sends in Fed. Troops to integrate school

Sit-Ins (1960)

Freedom Riders (1961)

Anniston, AL

Birmingham, AL

Integration of “Ole Miss” (1962)James

Meredith

Medgar Evers (1925-1963)

Violence In Birmingham, AL (1963)

MLK Arrested

“Letter from a Birmingham Jail”

Letter from a Birmingham Jail• How long have blacks been waiting

for their rights? (1 line)• What horrible things have blacks

had to endure in that time? (3 lines)• Read the last paragraph, what is

the difference between a just law and an unjust law? (3 lines)

• What does King say about segregation? (3 lines)

Eugene “Bull” Connor

Police Dogs

Fire Hoses

June 11, 1963

March on

Washington (Aug. 28, 1963)

“I have a dream”

Civil Rights Act of 1964

MLK 1964 Nobel

Peace Prize

Winner

Freedom Summer

(1964)

Selma March (1965)

Voting Rights Act (1965)

*Literacy tests & poll taxes illegal*Fed. Gov’t has power to oversee voter registration & elections in Southern states

Malcolm X & the

Nation of Islam

Muhammad Ali

“I am the greatest”

Stokely Carmichael & “Black Power”

“Black”

“African-American”

Black is Beautiful!

Tommie Smith & John Carlos at the 1968 Summer Olympics

“The Afro”

Black Panthers

Huey NewtonBobby Seale

Mid-60s Riots

April 4, 1968-Memphis, TN-MLK Assassinated

MLK RFK

MLK National Historic Site-Atlanta, GA