Resource AdvantagesUnion Advantages Confederate Advantages

PopulationIndustry supported

manufacturingLarger railroad

networkStrong leader in

LincolnWell-organized navy

Set up a blockade

Fighting for their survival: slavery

Strong military leaders like Robert E. Lee

War was fought mainly in the SouthFamiliar territory and

supplies are closer

StrategiesUnion

ConfederacyKeep loyal slave states from seceding by not abolishing slavery (MO, KY, MD, DE)

The Anaconda Plan:capture capital

(Richmond, VA)control the Mississippi

River to cut the Confederacy in half

blockade southern portsThis would squeeze the

life out of the Confederacy

Tire the UnionGain support of

Britain and FranceNeeded cotton from the South

Never got their help

Early Battles of the WarFirst Battle of Bull

Run/ManassasJuly 1861Confederate victory under

Stonewall JacksonShocked the NorthUnion had to replace the Union

General with McClellan (who is later replaced)

Battle of Shiloh April 1862an unsuccessful Union attempt to

gain control of the Mississippi River

The Monitor vs. The Virginia: both were plated with iron (ironclad)No clear victor but wooden ships are a thing of the

past

Second Battle of Bull Run (1862)Southern victory led

by General Lee, commander of Confederate Army

18 days later Lee takes his army North, but is intercepted by General George McClellan, General of the US Army

Let’s Review!1. Which of the following was a

Southern advantage?

a. Southerners simply had to defend their land

b. Southern military leaders devised the Anaconda Plan to end the war quickly

c. The South possessed factories and railroad lines

2. Which of the following was an element of the Anaconda Plan?

a. Blockade of Southern ports

b. Capture the capitol, Washington, DC

c. Squeeze the life out of the Union

3. What was revealed by the outcome of the 1st Battle of Bull Run?

a. The Southern army was well trained

b. The North would eventually win

c. The war would not be short

4. What was the significance of the Battle of Shiloh?

a. The Confederacy successfully blocked the Union from taking the Mississippi River.

b. The Union made an unsuccessful attempt to gain control of the Missouri River.

c. There is no major significance to the Battle of Shiloh.

Antietam (Sept 1862)The victory necessary

for Lincoln to proclaim emancipation

Union General had General Lee’s military plan

The bloodiest single day of the Civil War

Lee retreats but loses less soldiers

Emancipation Proclamation, January 1, 1863

African AmericansWhat should

the Union do with slaves?Free them?...

Lincoln’s suggestion but must wait until a Union victory…Antietam

Put them to work? Given the

worst jobs

Emancipation Proclamation: freed all slaves in states that

were still rebelling on Jan 1, 1863

Did NOT apply to loyal slave states

Lincoln hoped it would lead to Southern states surrendering

Southerners see there will be no negotiations

Gives the war a moral cause

African Americans Fight BravelyUnion started to recruit freed slaves…

fighting for their freedomGain respect from white menSometimes given tedious tasksIf captured by the Confederacy they would be

killedSouthern slaves help Union troops as they

pass throughFoodSpiesScouts

Final Turning PointsGenerals Ulysses S. Grant and William T.

Sherman capture Vicksburg, MS (1863) [Remember Anaconda Plan]

Vital victory for North control of the Mississippi River

Union could pass through ConfederacyDominate the South

Battle of Gettysburg (July 1863)General Lee drove back Union forces in PAUnion took up strong defensive positionAfter 2 days, Lee unable to break Union lines

ordered men to charge at the middle of defense lines

Most soldiers were killedConfederates retreated to VA

Weakened by death, desertion & hunger3 day battleBloodiest battle in American history, > 50,000

dead

Coming to an EndLater that year, Gettysburg Address,

honoring all those who died in the battleElection of 1864 – Lincoln wins re-election

over McClellanSherman’s March to the Sea

Across GA to the Atlantic Coast, 60 milesDestroyed EVERYTHING in their pathBurned AtlantaTroops reach sea to re-supply

General Lee knew his army could not continueApril 9, 1865Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House, VA

April 14, 1865John Wilkes Booth, southern supporter shot Lincoln

at Ford’s Theater, “the south will be avenged”Lincoln died the next day in the house across from

the theater

Soldiers Life4 out of 5 Southern

men foughtBrother s might fight

brothersBoring and

monotonousInjuries usually led

to amputationMalnutrition was

always a problem

Women and the War

Filled the jobs of men while they fought the war

Led to women entering professions that had been off limits

Most women were nursesClara Barton will later

form the American Red Cross

Start to consider sanitation

“Angels of the Battlefield”

Life on the HomefrontUnion Confederacy

Drop in cotton cultivation hurt industry

Income taxesWestern lands sold

extremely cheapUnion started a draft that

led to Draft RiotsCopperheads condemned

Lincoln for war actions and wanted the war to stop

Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus (holding someone in jail without charging them) to deal with draft dodgers

Lacked the resources to support troops…mainly shoes

Blockade runners were no longer successful

Stopped harvesting cotton and went to food crops to feed troops

Seized/stole Union goods when able

Confederate money is worthless

Could not deal with the economic hardships

Let’s Review!1. What is the significance of the

Emancipation Proclamation?

a. It freed ALL slaves regardless of loyalty to the Union.

b. It had no importance.

c. It created a moral cause that Lincoln needed to maintain support for the war.

2. Why was the surrender of Vicksburg a turning point in the Civil War?

a. It gave the Union control of the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy.

b. It marked the surrender of the Confederate capital to Union forces.

c. It was the largest battle ever fought in North America

3. What did Sherman’s victory in the siege of Atlanta help to ensure?

a. Jefferson Davis’ reelection

b. Passage of the 13th Amendment

c. Lincoln’s reelection

4. What was the result of Lee’s surrender?

a. The war ended immediately

b. The war continued for several months

c. Jefferson Davis resigned