The Civil War Begins Shortly after the nations Southern states secede from the Union, war begins between the North and South. NEXT Videos Lincoln:ideoshttp://junior.scholastic.com/issues/01_30_12/V ideos Causes of the War: 1.unfair taxation: Northern politicians were able to pass heavy taxes on imported goods from Europe so that Southerners would have to buy goods from the North 2 2. states' rights: The South believed that individual states had the right to "nullify", or overturn, any law the Federal government passed. 3. the slavery issue : Slave Vs. Free States Start of the Fighting April 10, 1861, Confederate forces at Charleston, South Carolina, demanded the surrender of the Union fort of Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor. The Union commander Anderson refused. April 12, Confederate troops opened fire on the fort, which was unable to reply effectively. At 2:30 pm, April 13, The Union forces surrendered Fort Sumter, evacuating (leaving) the fort on the following day. Results The attack of Fort Sumter was the opening battle of the American Civil War. Although there were no casualties during the bombardment, one Union artillerist was killed and three wounded (one mortally) when a cannon exploded prematurely while firing a salute during the evacuation on April 14. Result: Confederate victory start of the Civil War Union and Confederate Forces Clash Southern States Take Sides 1861, Fort Sumter in Charleston falls; Lincoln calls for volunteers 4 more slave states join Confederacy Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri remain in Union The Civil War Begins 2 SECTION NEXT Continued... North vs. South North: Higher Population Greater network of roads, RAILROAD track More industry, factories South: Strong military leaders, well-trained Farmers, food Fought mostly on home soil, knew the area Strengths and Strategies Northern (Union) strengths: more people, factories, food production Southern (Confederacy) strengths: cotton, good generals, motivated soldiers Knowledge check #1 Which was the best advantage the North had over the South? Why? Which was the best advantage the South had over the North? Why? Which side has the better chance of winning? Why? Union and Confederacy Unions (North) Plan for Victory 3 part plan Navy Blockade of Southern Ports Control the Mississippi River (Split the Confederacy in two) Capture the Confederate Capital (Richmond, VA) The Anaconda Plan Nickname for the Unions Strategy to Strangle the Confederacy Like an anaconda snake strangles its victims Confederacy's Plan for Victory Mostly defensive plan Attack the North if they could Capture Washington DC Find help from Europe England decides to stay out of the conflict Bull Run Bull Runfirst battle, near Washington; Confederate victory Thomas J. Jackson called Stonewall Jackson for firm stand in battle 2 SECTION NEXT Continued... Battle of Bull Run People picnicking at the Battle of Bull Run (left) Graves at the site of the battle (below) Knowledge Check #2 1.What was effective about the Unions (North) plan for victory? Why? 2. What do you think would be effective about the Confederates (South) plan for victory? Why? Essay Question 3. Explain the parts of either the Union and the Confederate war strategies. Which strategy, in your opinion, is the better approach to winning the Civil War? 1 paragraph Generals Union (North): George B. Mclellan Wanted to capture Richmond (Peninsular Campaign) * Confederacy (South) - Robert E. Lee - West Point Graduate BattleDateLocation Summary of Events WhoWon BattleDateLocation WhoWon Battle of Bull Run July 21, 1861 Virginia Southern Victory BattleDateLocation Summary of Events WhoWon Battle of Bull Run July 21, 1861 Virginia Southern Victory Antietam Sep. 17, 1862 Maryland No Clear Winner BattleDateLocation Summary of Events WhoWon Battle of Bull Run July 21, 1861 Virginia Southern Victory Antietam Sep. 17, 1862 Maryland No Clear Winner Frederick sburg Dec , 1862 VirginiaSouthernVictory BattleDateLocation Summary of Events WhoWon Battle of Bull Run July 21, 1861 Virginia Southern Victory Antietam Sep. 17, 1862 Maryland No Clear Winner Frederick sburg Dec , 1862 VirginiaSouthernVictory Chancell orsville April 30- May 6, 1863 Virginia Southern Victory BattleDateLocation Summary of Events WhoWon Battle of Bull Run July 21, 1861 Virginia Southern Victory Antietam Sep. 17, 1862 Maryland No Clear Winner Frederick sburg Dec , 1862 VirginiaSouthernVictory Chancell orsville April 30- May 6, 1863 Virginia Southern Victory Shiloh April 6- 7,1862 TennesseeNorthernVictory BattleDateLocation Summary of Events WhoWon Battle of Bull Run July 21, 1861 Virginia 1 st Battle War will be long Southern Victory Antietam Sep. 17, 1862 Maryland23,000Bloodiest No Clear Winner Frederick sburg Dec , 1862 Virginia One-sided battle SouthernVictory Shiloh April 6- 7,1862 Tennessee Western battle NorthernVictory Chancell orsville April 30- May 6, 1863 Virginia Stonewall Jackson dead Southern Victory Essay Question Explain the parts of either the Union and the Confederate war strategies. Which strategy, in your opinion, is the better approach to winning the Civil War? 1 paragraph Ulysses S. Grant, replaces McClellan as commander of Union forces West focused on taking control of Mississippi River to cut off eastern part of Confederacy from west Grant captures forts, wins at Shiloh David G. Farragut takes New Orleans, the Confederacys busiest port Ironclads: A Revolution in Warfare Ironclads= ships made with iron (instead of wood) splinter wooden ships, withstand cannon, resist burning Monitor (Union) Virginia (Confederacy) Monitor successfully helped blockade Confederate ports The War for the Capitals Robert E. Lee takes command of Confederate Army in 1862: - drives General George McClellan from Richmond - loses at Antietam, bloodiest one-day battle -McClellan removed from command, lets defeated Confederates withdraw Important Union victory NEXT Knowledge Check #3 1.How did technology affect military strategy during the war? (p. 343) 2. What did the outcomes of the early battles show about the future course of the war? (Bull Run and Shiloh) Section 2: Politics of War Britain Pursues Its Own Interests Britain has cotton inventory, new sources; does not need South Needs Northern wheat, corn; chooses neutrality Proclaiming Emancipation Lincolns View of Slavery Federal government has no power to abolish slavery where it already exists Lincoln decides army can emancipate slaves who labor for Confederacy Emancipation discourages Britain from supporting the South Emancipation Proclamation NEXT Emancipate= to free -Emancipation Proclamation- ordered to free slaves in Confederate (Southern) states -Wanted to also weaken the South (more freed slaves would fight with the North) Gives soldiers moral purpose; compromise no longer possible Emancipation Proclamation Emancipation Proclamationissued by Lincoln in 1863: - frees slaves behind Confederate lines (did not immediately free any slaves) -does not apply to areas occupied by Union or slave states in Union https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUVkXth Lz4w Reactions Proclamation has symbolic value, gives war high moral purpose Free blacks welcome ability to fight against slavery Confederacy becomes more determined to preserve way of life Compromise no longer possible; one side must defeat the other Knowledge Check #4 1.What was the purpose behind the Emancipation Proclamation? 2.How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the course of the war? 3.Compare the reactions to the Proclamation from the North and South. Explain what each sides reaction was and why they were different. (p. 348) Disagreement from both sides Neither side completely unified; both sides face divided loyalties Lincoln suspends habeas corpus: - order to bring accused to court, name charges CopperheadsNorthern Democrats advocating peaceamong arrested War Leads to Social Upheaval Many casualties (deaths) -People desert (quit army), lead to conscription on both sides Conscriptiondraft that forces men to enlist; leads to draft riots -People could pay $300 to get out, most couldnt afford it -Many protested the draft NEXT Continued... "Once let the black man get upon his person the brass letters, U.S., let him get an eagle on his button, and a musket on his shoulder and bullets in his pockets, and there is no power on earth which can deny that he has earned the right to citizenship in the United States." - - Frederick Douglass These words spoken by Frederick Douglass moved many African Americans to enlist in the Union Army and fight for their freedom. Section 3: Life during Wartime July 17, 1862, Congress passed two acts allowing the enlistment of African Americans Official enrollment occurred only after the Emancipation Proclamation -White soldiers and officers believed that black men lacked the courage to fight and fight well. August, 1863, 14 African-American Regiments were in the field and ready for service. African American soldiers Approximately 180,000 African Americans comprising 163 units served in the Union Army during the Civil War (10% of the Union Army) Many more African Americans served in the Union Navy. Both free African-Americans and runaway slaves joined the fight. Paid less than white soldiers 54th Massachusetts - Assault on Fort Wagner, South Carolina, by the 54th Massachusetts July 18, The 54th volunteered to lead the assault on the strongly-fortified Confederate positions Soldiers of the 54th scaled the fort's walls, and were only driven back after brutal hand-to-hand combat. Glory scene: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7qwqVbZSqE Think: How would African American soldiers be discriminated against? Answer in your outlines!! What does espionage mean? Big Questions Did women have a role during the American Civil War? What jobs did women on both the Union and Confederacy do? Gone with the Wind Women during the Civil War Worked as nurses on the battlefield Worked in factories up North Worked on farms in the South Worked as spies for both sides NEXT Thousands of women serve as nurses for both sides Angel of the battlefield Union nurse Clara Barton later founds American Red Cross Women Work to Improve Conditions Both the Union and Confederate armies forbade the enlistment of women. Women soldiers of the Civil War therefore assumed masculine names, disguised themselves as men, and hid the fact they were female. Because they passed as men, it is impossible to know with any certainty how many women soldiers served in the Civil War. Estimates place as many as 250 women in the ranks of the Confederate army Rose O'Neal Greenhow Confederate Spy Knowledge Check #5 1.How did African Americans contribute to the struggle to end slavery? 2. How were women affected by the war? (p. 354) The War Affects Regional Economies Confederacy faces food shortage, increased prices, inflation Union armys need for supplies supports Northern industry Norths standard of living declines Congress enacts income tax (percentage of income) to pay for war Soldiers Suffer on Both Sides Soldiers often sick from camp filth, limited diet, poor medical care Prisons overcrowded, unsanitary; many die of malnutrition, diseaseweapons-whose-were-better Civil War Prison Camps An estimated 56,000 men died in Civil War prisons An estimated 56,000 men died in Civil War prisons The high mortality rate was not deliberate, but the result of ignorance of nutrition and proper sanitation on both sides of the conflict The high mortality rate was not deliberate, but the result of ignorance of nutrition and proper sanitation on both sides of the conflict Famous Camps The Union's Fort Delaware was dubbed "The Fort Delaware Death Pen," The Union's Fort Delaware was dubbed "The Fort Delaware Death Pen," The South's infamous Camp Sumter, or Andersonville prison, claimed the lives of 29 percent of its inmates. The South's infamous Camp Sumter, or Andersonville prison, claimed the lives of 29 percent of its inmates. Life in a Civil War Prison Camp Prison diets consisted of pickled beef, salt pork, corn meal, rice, or bean soup. Prison diets consisted of pickled beef, salt pork, corn meal, rice, or bean soup. The lack of fruits or vegetables often led to outbreaks of scurvy and other diseases. The lack of fruits or vegetables often led to outbreaks of scurvy and other diseases. In many northern prisons, hungry inmates hunted rats, sometimes making a sport of it. In many northern prisons, hungry inmates hunted rats, sometimes making a sport of it. Starvation and poor sanitation inflamed outbreaks of diseases like smallpox, typhoid, dysentery, cholera, and malaria. Starvation and poor sanitation inflamed outbreaks of diseases like smallpox, typhoid, dysentery, cholera, and malaria. Sores, left untreated, led to gangrenea disease curable only by amputation. Of all these diseases, perhaps the most dangerous was depression Sores, left untreated, led to gangrenea disease curable only by amputation. Of all these diseases, perhaps the most dangerous was depression Big Questions 1. What does POW stand for? 2. Which side the Union or the Confederacy had POW camps? 3. Name one of the two POW camps from the Civil War and explain what killed imprisoned soldiers inside its walls/fences. Andersonville Andersonville, by far the most notorious Civil War prison Andersonville, by far the most notorious Civil War prison Held nearly 33,000 men at its peakone of the largest "cities" of the Confederacy. Held nearly 33,000 men at its peakone of the largest "cities" of the Confederacy. Inmates crowded into 26.5 acres of muddy land Inmates crowded into 26.5 acres of muddy land Lacking sewer or sanitation facilities, camp inmates turned "Stockade Creek" into a massive, disease-ridden latrine. Lacking sewer or sanitation facilities, camp inmates turned "Stockade Creek" into a massive, disease-ridden latrine. Summer rainstorms would flood the open sewer, spreading filth. Summer rainstorms would flood the open sewer, spreading filth. The prison's oppressive conditions claimed 13,000 lives by the war's end. The prison's oppressive conditions claimed 13,000 lives by the war's end. As for myself, I never felt so utterly depressed, cursed, and God-forsaken in all my life before. All my former experiences in battles, on marches, and at my capture were not a drop in the bucket as compared with this.--Walter E. Smith, Pvt., Co. K, 14th Illinois Infantry Big Questions 1. What does POW stand for? 2. Which side the Union or the Confederacy had POW camps? 3. Name one of the two POW camps from the Civil War and explain what killed imprisoned soldiers inside its walls/fences. NEXT Southern Victories December 1862, Fredericksburg; May 1863, Chancellorsville Section 4: The North Takes Charge Continued... The Battle of Gettysburg North wins decisive three-day battle of Gettysburg, July 1863 Total casualties were more than 30%; South demoralized- unable to invade North again Gettysburg Addressent/hs_american_survey/bookpages/library/vid eos/video.html?shortvid= &long vid= _long&title=Gettysburg Address https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sdY7Ss- erMQhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sdY7Ss- erMQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2a- S3rjDBw- Saving Lincolnhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2a- S3rjDBw- Gettysburg Address: Speech 1.Take notes as you listen to the speech. Write down the 2-3 most important lines that stand out to you. 2.Rephrase them in your own words. Answer the following: 3. What was Lincoln trying to say in his speech? What was his main idea? 4. Why do you think the Gettysburg Address is sometimes referred to as one of the most famous speeches in American history? Picketts charge Led by Union General George Picket Helped Union win battle Marched up hill to push back Confederate soldiers Map: Picketts Charge https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TRZj48Ys 25U Siege of Vicksburg Map p. 361 Grant (Union general) wanted to cut off city and Mississippi River Starving Confederates surrender (Union victory) Why was this an important victory? (p ) The Gettysburg Address Nov. 1863, Lincoln gives Gettysburg Address at cemetery dedication Lincoln praised bravery of Union soldiers during Civil War Total War Lincoln appoints Grant commander of all Union Armies (1864), who puts William T. Sherman in charge of Mississippi Grants strategy to decimate Lees army while Sherman raids Georgia Destroying/setting fire to all homes, farms, buildings in their path Meant to hurt Souths economy and resources NEXT continued The Confederacy Wears Down Shermans March Spring 1864, March from Atlanta to Savannah Destroyed 60 miles of railroads, farms, livestock, homes, freeing any slaves Led to much anger and resentment by the South The Election of 1864 Lincolns unexpected reelection helped by Shermans victories T he Surrender at Appomatox Lee realized he was trapped by Union army Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomatox Courthouse, VA Within a month, all remaining Confederate resistance collapses Knowledge Check #7 1.Why was the Battle of Gettysburg a disaster for the South? (also see p. 360) 2.What was Shermans goal in Georgia? 3. Critical thinking (1 paragraph): Do you think the ends-defeating the Confederacy- justified the means, causing harm to civilians(total war)? NEXT 5 SECTION The Legacy of War Political and Economic Changes Slavery ends Souths resources and economy destroyed Civil War increases power, authority of federal government Economic Changes National Bank Act of 1863federal system of chartered banks Gap between North and South widens: - North: industry booms; commercial agriculture takes hold - South: industry, farms destroyed Cost of War Human Cost of the War Approximately 360,000 Union and 260,000 Confederate soldiers die War cost federal government 3.3 billion dollars Copyright by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Previous The Americans Chapter 11 The War Changes Lives Civilians Follow New Paths Some soldiers stay in army; others become civilians; many go west Clara Barton helps found American Red Cross in 1881 New Birth of Freedom 1865, Thirteenth Amendment abolishes slavery in all states Flip book= 30 points You will create a flip book (see example) describing the effects of the Civil War. You must include a description and image for each. You must include any three of the following (pp in text). Expansion of the federal government New, deadly technology Creation of the Red Cross Passage of the Thirteenth Amendment Economic ruin of the South Copyright by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Previous The Americans Chapter 11 Think- Pair- Share: What do you think was the greatest, lasting impact of the war? Why? -Supreme national authority/ expansion of government -13 th Amendment freeing slaves -New, deadly Technology -Red Cross -Economic ruin of the South NEXT 5 SECTION The War Changes Lives Lincoln Is Assassinated April 14, 1865, Lincoln is shot at Fords Theater Assassin John Wilkes Booth escapes, trapped by Union cavalry, shot 7 million people pay respects to Lincolns funeral train https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PB LsOQPu23U&index=9&list=PLBCEE33 4DF91F7DD1 Video and Reflection https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEkuzfTz h08https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEkuzfTz h08 Start at 40:16 Lincolns assassination After the video, please complete the reflection sheet and turn in! Knowledge Check #8 1. What were the wars effects on the following: (list at least one for each)- Refer to pp Political- Economic- Technological- Social- 2. Predicting: Make up three questions you have about the African Americans after the war. What were the political, social, economic, and technological consequences of the Civil War? PoliticalSocialEconomicTechnological