The Civil WarThe Civil War

October 14, 2013October 14, 2013

BeginningsBeginnings

► The United States had been slowly moving The United States had been slowly moving toward war for most of the early 1800stoward war for most of the early 1800s

► Things began spiraling out of control after Things began spiraling out of control after Abraham Lincoln was elected president in Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 18601860

► South Carolina seceded from the Union on South Carolina seceded from the Union on December 20, 1860December 20, 1860

► They were quickly followed by Mississippi, They were quickly followed by Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Louisiana, and Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Louisiana, and Texas within the next two months.Texas within the next two months.

The ConfederacyThe Confederacy

►What had been the southern United States What had been the southern United States formed the Confederate States of America formed the Confederate States of America on February 9, 1861on February 9, 1861

► At first, the North was trying to peacefully At first, the North was trying to peacefully negotiate a reunion of the U.S.negotiate a reunion of the U.S.

►However, on April 12, 1861, Fort Sumter, a However, on April 12, 1861, Fort Sumter, a Northern-held fort in South Carolina was Northern-held fort in South Carolina was fired on by the South, and the war beginsfired on by the South, and the war begins

► Virginia then secedes, followed by Arkansas, Virginia then secedes, followed by Arkansas, Tennessee, and North CarolinaTennessee, and North Carolina

► There are now 11 states in the ConfederacyThere are now 11 states in the Confederacy

Union vs. ConfederateUnion vs. Confederate

Union BlockadeUnion Blockade

► When the war started, the Union strategy was to When the war started, the Union strategy was to blockadeblockade (obstruct) all Confederate seaports (obstruct) all Confederate seaports This would prevent the South from importing or exporting This would prevent the South from importing or exporting

anything through its portsanything through its ports► Lincoln issued the blockade on April 19, 1861Lincoln issued the blockade on April 19, 1861► However, Union ships were no match for However, Union ships were no match for blockade blockade

runnersrunners These were private ships that would zip in and out of the These were private ships that would zip in and out of the

blockade bringing much needed suppliesblockade bringing much needed supplies► The blockade took its toll, thoughThe blockade took its toll, though

Soon it was difficult to get farm supplies, household items, Soon it was difficult to get farm supplies, household items, medical supplies, or manufacturing replacement partsmedical supplies, or manufacturing replacement parts

Union BlockadeUnion Blockade

The Battle of Bull RunThe Battle of Bull Run

►Many in the North believed that the South would Many in the North believed that the South would cave early and the war would be over quicklycave early and the war would be over quickly

►However, the Battle of Bull Run proved that the However, the Battle of Bull Run proved that the South was not going to back downSouth was not going to back down

► The North suffered heavy losses at Bull Run, The North suffered heavy losses at Bull Run, Virginia, and were forced to retreat to Virginia, and were forced to retreat to Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C.

► After this, President Lincoln realized that the war After this, President Lincoln realized that the war would be longer than anyone previously thoughtwould be longer than anyone previously thought

The Battle of AntietamThe Battle of Antietam

► By 1862, Confederate troops, under the By 1862, Confederate troops, under the command of General Robert E. Lee, were command of General Robert E. Lee, were moving into Union territorymoving into Union territory

►On Sept. 17, 1862On Sept. 17, 1862 they met Union forces at they met Union forces at Antietam Creek, in Sharpsburg, MarylandAntietam Creek, in Sharpsburg, Maryland

► This was the first invasion of the North by This was the first invasion of the North by General Lee, and it was not successfulGeneral Lee, and it was not successful

► It was the bloodiest one-day battle of the It was the bloodiest one-day battle of the Civil War, (23,000 killed, wounded, or Civil War, (23,000 killed, wounded, or missing) and Confederate troops were missing) and Confederate troops were forced to retreat to Virginiaforced to retreat to Virginia

The Emancipation The Emancipation ProclamationProclamation

► The major Confederate loss at Antietam allowed The major Confederate loss at Antietam allowed President Lincoln to issue the President Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Emancipation ProclamationProclamation, which would free all slaves as of , which would free all slaves as of January 1, 1863 January 1, 1863

► Lincoln wanted the Confederate states to end the Lincoln wanted the Confederate states to end the war, and he believed that the Proclamation, along war, and he believed that the Proclamation, along with their major losses, would push them to surrenderwith their major losses, would push them to surrender

► President Lincoln gave the Confederacy a choice: end President Lincoln gave the Confederacy a choice: end the war right away and keep their slaves, or keep the war right away and keep their slaves, or keep fighting and lose their slavesfighting and lose their slaves

► The South chose to fightThe South chose to fight► Most slaves, however, were not freed until the end of Most slaves, however, were not freed until the end of

the warthe war

The Battle of GettysburgThe Battle of Gettysburg

► The Battle of Gettysburg (arguably the most The Battle of Gettysburg (arguably the most famous of the war), marked a turning point in famous of the war), marked a turning point in the war for both sidesthe war for both sides

► It was fought July 1-3, 1863 in Pennsylvania, It was fought July 1-3, 1863 in Pennsylvania, and resulted in a Union victory that ended and resulted in a Union victory that ended General Lee’s second invasion of the NorthGeneral Lee’s second invasion of the North

► Lee was again forced to retreat to Virginia and Lee was again forced to retreat to Virginia and things were never again the same for the things were never again the same for the ConfederacyConfederacy

► Union forces began to win more and more Union forces began to win more and more battles, while Confederate forces lost moral and battles, while Confederate forces lost moral and the will to fight the will to fight

The Battle of VicksburgThe Battle of Vicksburg

►One day after Gettysburg, the town of One day after Gettysburg, the town of Vicksburg, Mississippi, surrendered to Vicksburg, Mississippi, surrendered to the Union troopsthe Union troops

►The town, which lies on the Mississippi The town, which lies on the Mississippi River, had been a major Confederate River, had been a major Confederate stronghold stronghold

►This Union victory gave them control of This Union victory gave them control of the Mississippi River, and split the the Mississippi River, and split the Confederacy in two, separating them at Confederacy in two, separating them at the riverthe river

The Battle of ChickamaugaThe Battle of Chickamauga

► By late 1863, Union troops were moving By late 1863, Union troops were moving farther and farther south, almost into Georgiafarther and farther south, almost into Georgia

► On September 19-20, 1863, Union troops On September 19-20, 1863, Union troops encountered Confederate troops at encountered Confederate troops at Chickamauga Creek, just south of the Chickamauga Creek, just south of the Tennessee border in GeorgiaTennessee border in Georgia

► It was a Confederate victory, forcing the Union It was a Confederate victory, forcing the Union back into Tennesseeback into Tennessee

► However, by November, the Union had brought However, by November, the Union had brought more troops and began advancing into Georgiamore troops and began advancing into Georgia

Georgia’s Role in the WarGeorgia’s Role in the War

►By the start of the war, Atlanta was a By the start of the war, Atlanta was a major economic and transportation major economic and transportation center in the Southcenter in the South

►Several different railroads crossed Several different railroads crossed through the city, making Atlanta through the city, making Atlanta important in getting troops and important in getting troops and supplies to the battle frontsupplies to the battle front

►Union leaders knew that if Atlanta was Union leaders knew that if Atlanta was captured, then that would effectively captured, then that would effectively end the Confederate war effortend the Confederate war effort

The Atlanta CampaignThe Atlanta Campaign

► In early 1864, 112,000 Union troops, In early 1864, 112,000 Union troops, under the leadership of General under the leadership of General William T. Sherman, were camped in William T. Sherman, were camped in Chattanooga, TN, just across the Chattanooga, TN, just across the Georgia/Tennessee borderGeorgia/Tennessee border

►During the late spring and early During the late spring and early summer, General Sherman moved his summer, General Sherman moved his troops southward, clashing time and troops southward, clashing time and again with Confederate troops, but again with Confederate troops, but always slowly moving towards Atlantaalways slowly moving towards Atlanta

The Atlanta CampaignThe Atlanta Campaign

The Battle of AtlantaThe Battle of Atlanta

►On July 22, 1864, General Sherman On July 22, 1864, General Sherman finally reached the city of Atlantafinally reached the city of Atlanta

►He encountered Confederate troops He encountered Confederate troops under the leadership of General John B. under the leadership of General John B. HoodHood

►The battle continued off and on for two The battle continued off and on for two months, and losses were heavy on both months, and losses were heavy on both sides, but Sherman eventually captured sides, but Sherman eventually captured Atlanta on September 2, 1864Atlanta on September 2, 1864

The Burning of AtlantaThe Burning of Atlanta

►After Sherman captured the city, he After Sherman captured the city, he and his soldiers stayed for 2 monthsand his soldiers stayed for 2 months

►On November 15, 1864, they On November 15, 1864, they destroyed the railroads and factories destroyed the railroads and factories by setting fire to themby setting fire to them

►They then marched out on Sherman’s They then marched out on Sherman’s infamous “March to the Sea”infamous “March to the Sea”

Sherman’s March to the SeaSherman’s March to the Sea

► The army moved quickly to Savannah, The army moved quickly to Savannah, burning everything in a path 60 miles wideburning everything in a path 60 miles wide

► They destroyed all military targets and They destroyed all military targets and farms, homes, railroads, and bridges that farms, homes, railroads, and bridges that supported the Confederate armysupported the Confederate army

► They took a little over 1 month to get to They took a little over 1 month to get to Savannah, arriving on December 22, 1864Savannah, arriving on December 22, 1864

► Sherman took over the city the next day, Sherman took over the city the next day, cutting off the Confederate army in Virginia cutting off the Confederate army in Virginia from its southern suppliersfrom its southern suppliers

Sherman’s March to the SeaSherman’s March to the Sea

End of the WarEnd of the War

► After the loss of Atlanta and Savannah, the After the loss of Atlanta and Savannah, the Confederate war effort struggled to keep goingConfederate war effort struggled to keep going

► Abraham Lincoln had been re-elected to a second Abraham Lincoln had been re-elected to a second term as president in 1864term as president in 1864

► The only Confederate troops left were Lee’s troops in The only Confederate troops left were Lee’s troops in Virginia, and a small group in North CarolinaVirginia, and a small group in North Carolina

► They tried one more time to fight in March 1865, but They tried one more time to fight in March 1865, but failedfailed

► On April 9, 1865, the Confederacy surrendered at On April 9, 1865, the Confederacy surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse in Appomattox, VirginiaAppomattox Courthouse in Appomattox, Virginia

► 5 days later, Abraham Lincoln was shot at Ford’s 5 days later, Abraham Lincoln was shot at Ford’s TheatreTheatre

► He died the next dayHe died the next day

QuestionsQuestions► 1) After secession, what was the name of the new country 1) After secession, what was the name of the new country

formed by the South?formed by the South?► 2) When did the Civil War start? Where?2) When did the Civil War start? Where?► 3) What was the Union blockade?3) What was the Union blockade?► 4) Who was the commander of Confederate troops at Antietam?4) Who was the commander of Confederate troops at Antietam?► 5) What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?5) What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?► 6) When was the Battle of Gettysburg? Who won?6) When was the Battle of Gettysburg? Who won?► 7) Why were Georgia and Atlanta important to the Confederate 7) Why were Georgia and Atlanta important to the Confederate

war effort?war effort?► 8) Who commanded Union troops during the Atlanta Campaign?8) Who commanded Union troops during the Atlanta Campaign?► 9) When did Sherman finally capture Atlanta?9) When did Sherman finally capture Atlanta?► 10) Why do you think Sherman burned Atlanta before he left?10) Why do you think Sherman burned Atlanta before he left?► 11) Where did the March to the Sea end?11) Where did the March to the Sea end?► 12) When did the Confederacy surrender?12) When did the Confederacy surrender?► 13) How did Abraham Lincoln die?13) How did Abraham Lincoln die?

Social Studies 10/16/13Social Studies 10/16/13

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