Upload
gulsum-goksenli
View
1.287
Download
3
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Citation preview
The Classroom Activities in
Language TeachingÜmmügülsüm GÖKŞENLİ
Content The Classroom Activities in
Grammer Translation Method (GTM)
Translation of a Literary Passage
Reading Comprehension Questions
Antonyms / Synonyms Cognates Deductive Application of Rule Fill-in-the blanks Memorisation Use words in Sentences Composition
The Classroom Activities in The Direct Method (DM)
The Classroom Activities in The Audio-Lingual Method (ALM)
Dialogue Memorisation Minimal pairs: (for teaching
pronunciation) Complete the dialogue Mechanical Drills
Repetition drill Chain Drill Substitution Drill
The Classroom Activities in The Silent Way(SW)
Teaching pronunciation with "sound colour charts"
Cognitive coding with colour rods. Self correction gestures Peer Correction Structured feedback Fidel Charts Word Charts
The Classrom Activities in Grammar Translation Method
◦ Students translate a passage from the target language into their native language.
◦ The passage provides the focus for several classes:
◦ vocabulary and grammatical structures in the passage are studied in the following lessons
Translation of a Literary Passage
Students answer questions in the target language based on their understanding of the reading passage.
information questions
inference questions
questions that require students to relate the passage to their own experience.
Reading Comprehension Questions
Students are given one set of words and are asked to find antonyms in the reading passage.
asking students to find synonyms for a particular set of words.
Antonyms / Synonyms
Students are taught to recognise cognates by learning the spelling or sound patterns that correspond between the languages.
Students should be aware of “true cognates” (i.e., theatre-tiyatro)
“false cognates” (i.e., apartment-apartman).
Cognates
Grammar rules are explained explicitly
Translation examples
Once students understand a rule, they are asked to apply it to some different examples.
Deductive Application of Rule
Students are given a series of sentences with words missing
They fill in the blanks with new vocabulary items or necessary items of grammatical features
Fill-in-the blanks
lists of target language vocabulary words and their native language equivalents.
are asked to memorise them.
required to memorise grammatical rules
grammatical paradigms such as verb conjugations
Memorisation
In order to show that students understand the meaning
make up sentences in which they use the new words
Use words in Sentences
a topic in the target language
Sometimes, instead of creating a composition, students are asked to prepare a précis
Composition
The Direct Method
Reading aloud
Question and answer exercise
Fill-in-the-blank exercise
Dictation
Drawing
Paragraph writing
The Classroom Activities
The Classroom Activities in The Audio-Lingual Method (ALM)
To sit with their pair
giving the best model to the students to pronounce the dialogue
to examine the dialogue whether they do not know some words in the dialogue
to memorize the dialogues for several minutes
to perform the dialogue
giving feedback or comment
Dialogue Memorisation
A minimal pair is a pair of words that differ in a single phoneme
Minimal pairs are often used to show that two sounds contrast in a language
For example, we can demonstrate that [s] and [z] contrast in English by adducing minimal pairs
such as sip and zip, or bus and buzz
Do you repairclocks/clogs?“
It will help the students with pronunciation
Minimal Pairs
The students complete the dialogue which is given in pairs using their imagination
Then they act it out in front of the class
Complete the dialogue
When there is control of response and only one correct way of responding, the drill is defined as mechanical drill
to try what they have learned
to develop quick, automatic responses
not be used for prolonged practice
Mechanical Drills
The teacher’s language is repeated with no change
The teacher has to teach the meaning of the utterance first.
Teacher: It’s cold outsideStudents: It’s cold outsideTeacher: It’s warm outsideStudents: It’s warm outside
•Repetition Drills
Students sit in a circle or semicircle
Then one student asks the next student a question
The other students respond and go on asking
The teacher starts by modeling what is expected
Teacher: My name is Mary, and I like eating. What about you?Student 1: My name is Earnest, and I like reading. What about you?Student 2: My name is Anatoli, and I like camping
• Chain Drill
Substitution drills are slightly interactive
Teacher usually gives students practice in changing a word or structure in response to cue
Teacher: You’re a student, aren’t you?farmerStudents: You’re a farmer, aren’t you?Teacher: You’re a farmer, aren’t you?accountantStudents: You’re an accountant
•Substitution drills
The Classroom Activities in The Silent Way
The Sound Colour Chart is a system for teaching sounds in the target language
Each sound is represented by a colour
Teaching Pronunciation With Sound Colour Charts
At the beginning level, the rods can be used to teach colours and numbers
Statements with prepositions
Conditionals
The roads allow students to be creative and imaginative
Cognitive coding with colour rods
The teacher indicates that each of his fingers represented a word in a sentence
To use this to locate the trouble spot for the student
Self correction gestures
Students are invited to talk about the day's instruction
Students learn to take responsibility for their own learning by becoming aware of themselves
Structured Feedback
Peer correction is a classroom technique where learners correct each other, rather than the teacher doing this
The assignments are interchanged among the students
They look at the errors
Discuss the errors and corrections
Also find corrections to errors
Peer correction
Fidel Charts Teach sound spelling association
listed together
colored the same as the color block for the sound /eı/ are ‘ay’, ea,ei,ight, etc.
12 English charts
containing about 500 words
Functional vocabulary of English
The words are written in different colours
Students can learn basic pronunciation patterns
Word Charts