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The Cold War:. Background:. After WW II, the US and USSR emerged as rival superpowers. Each nation was strong enough to greatly influence world events. Potsdam Conference July 1945. Final wartime conference Big Three England = Attlee USA = Truman USSR = Stalin - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Background:• After WW II, the US and USSR emerged as
rival superpowers.• Each nation was strong enough to greatly
influence world events.
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Potsdam ConferenceJuly 1945
• Final wartime conference• Big Three
– England = Attlee– USA = Truman– USSR = Stalin
• Stalin promised to allow free elections in Eastern Europe
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Satellite Nations…• Stalin never allowed
truly free elections.• Instead, communist
governments were installed in many Eastern European nations.
• Main Purpose?– Protect USSR from
invasion from the West
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Containment Policy• George Kennan, career
Foreign Service Officer• Formulated the policy of
“containment”:– US would not get rid of
communism, but would not allow it to spread.
– US would “contain” communism where is already existed.
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The Iron Curtain• Winston Churchill
coined this term.• Famous speech on
March 5, 1946 at Westminster College, in Fulton, Missouri.
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Churchill’s Warning…• Churchill felt that behind
the Iron Curtain, the USSR was planning to attack and conquer Western Europe.
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Division of Germany• The Allies decided to
divide Germany into 4 zones after the war.
• Also, the capital of Berlin was divided into 4 sectors.
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Problem with Berlin?• Berlin was in the
Soviet Sector.
• Stalin was not happy with a “small piece” of democracy in Eastern Europe.– What did he do?
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Berlin Blockade• June 1948, Stalin attempts to starve West
Berliners into submission.• All rail and street access was blocked.
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Berlin Airlift• American and British
planes flew food and supplies into Berlin for 327 days.
• Stalin lifted the Blockade by May 1949.
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Operation “Little Vittles”
• During the Berlin Airlift a group of pilots decided to help boost the spirits of the German children.
• They organized a mission to drop candy to the children using parachutes made of handkerchiefs.
Questions???