The Cold War BeginsCh. 16.1

After WWII-SU controlled most of E. Europe Stalin wanted Germany weak and divided

and control over E. Europe US and GB wanted united Germany and

independent nations Satellite states:

◦ Poland, Czech, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria

Allies Disagree on Future of Europe

Truman convinced that Stalin was planning “world conquest”

46 year struggle=Cold War◦ Never faced each other in “hot battle”

Cont…

Iron Curtain◦ Churchill gave speech attacking the Soviet Union

for creating an “iron curtain”

1947-economic and military aid to Greece and Turkey◦ Both countries facing Soviet pressure◦ $400 million

Truman Doctrine

George Kennan-goal to keep communism contained within its existing boarders

Marshall Plan=◦ Purpose: U.S. financial aid program to rebuild

Europe after WWIITotal amount of aid 13.4 billion

Containment

United States Foreign Aid, Military and Economic, 1945–1954Marshall Plan aid swelled the outlay for Europe. Note the emphasis on the “developed” world, with relatively little aid going to “developing.”

• West Berlin controlled by the Allies, inside communist East Germany

• Stalin mad because is made East Berlin look bad– June 1948-stoped ground and water

transportation into West Berlin–Goal-make fall to communism – US and GB supplied food, meds, clothing, etc

through air

Berlin Airlift

Postwar Partition of Germany

Berlin, 1948http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2d7eOF8-4gw

May 1949-Stalin admitted failure in Berlin ◦ Major victory for containment

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)-military alliance to counter Soviet expansion ◦ 12 Nations agreed attack on one=attack on all

Collective Security Warsaw Pact- Soviets and satellite nations

rival military alliance

Rivals Form Alliances