Upload
osric
View
52
Download
9
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
The Cold War: Decade by Decade. U . S . versus U . S . S . R. 1940s & 1950s. What was the Cold War?. Definition: A struggle over political differences between the U.S. and the Soviet Union carried on by means short of direct military action or war How was it “fought”? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
The Cold War: Decade by Decade
1940s & 1950s
U.S. versus U.S.S.R.
What was the Cold War?
• Definition:• A struggle over political differences
between the U.S. and the Soviet Union carried on by means short of direct military action or war
• How was it “fought”?• Spying, propaganda, diplomacy,
alliances, secret operations and foreign aid
Two Superpowers:Differing goals
• United States• World’s richest
country• Cities and factories
remained intact• Encourage democracy
and prevent communism
• Rebuild European governments to promote trade
• Reunite Germany to stabilize it and Europe
• Soviet Union• 50 times more
deaths• Many Soviet cities
were destroyed• Encouraged
worldwide communism
• Protect its borders by controlling Eastern Europe
• Keep Germany divided to prevent its waging war again
The Cold War: 1940s
• Policy of Containment• Began in 1945• American policy that
attempted to restrict communism to its current border
• Continued throughout the Cold War
• The Truman Doctrine (1945)
• Truman went before a joint session of Congress to appeal for $400 million in aid to Greece & Turkey
• Why?• To prevent the further spread of
communism
The Cold War: 1940s
• The Marshall Plan (1948-1951)
• Named after Secretary of State George Marshall
• A “rebuilding” program• $13 billion in
aid was sent to Western European nations
• Why?
The Cold War: 1940s
The Cold War: 1940s
• NATO (1947)• North Atlantic Treaty Organization• Military alliance with the purpose of defending
all members from outside attack• Who was in NATO? (10 Western European Nations
+ U.S. & Canada)
• Warsaw Pact (1955)• Formed in retaliation against NATO• Who was in the Warsaw Pact? (Soviet Union, E.
Germany, Czech, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, & Albania)
The Cold War: 1940s
• Berlin Airlift (June, 1948)• GB, France & the U.S. consolidated
West Berlin• In retaliation, Soviet troops blockaded
highways, railways & shut off West Berlin’s electricity
• To aid the people, British & American planes spent 11 months dropping supplies…
• The blockade was lifted in 1949
The Cold War: 1950s
• Stalin died in 1953; replaced by Nikita Khrushchev
• “De-Stalinization”• Reversed some of Stalin’s policies– Promised better wages – More consumer goods– More freedom to artists & intellectuals– Reduction of terror by the secret “police”
The Cold War: 1950s
• Peaceful Coexistence• Khrushchev’s policy to
compete with the west but avoid war– Encouraged nations to follow
communism– Improved housing conditions– Increased production of consumer goods– Put emphasis on technological research
• The Hydrogen Bomb• Thousands of times
more powerful than Atomic bomb
• U.S. tested first H-bomb in 1952
• Soviets tested H-bomb in 1953
The Cold War: 1950s
The Cold War: 1950s
• The Space Race• Began in 1957
when the Soviets launched Sputnik
• The U.S. “retaliated” soon after– Created NASA (National Aeronautics &
Space Administration)– Began to put a greater emphasis on math
and science in the classroom
The Cold War: 1950s
The Cold War: 1950s
• Dwight D. Eisenhower became president in 1952
• His Secretary of State was John Dulles
• Implemented the policies of massive retaliation and brinkmanship (willingness to go to the brink, or edge of war)
The Cold War: 1950s
• Cuba & Communism:• Batista was
overthrown by Fidel Castro
• Eisenhower cuts off trade to Cuba
• Castro turns to Soviets for support• CIA begins training non-communist
Cuban exiles to overthrow the government in Cuba…(to be continued)