The Cold War EraThe Cold War Era

Chapter 27Chapter 27

Cold War OriginsCold War Origins

Section 1Section 1

Post WWII QuestionsPost WWII QuestionsWhat do we do with lands occupied by What do we do with lands occupied by the Sov. Un.?the Sov. Un.?How should gov’ts be set up in areas How should gov’ts be set up in areas devastated by war?devastated by war?Meeting of the “Big 3” Meeting of the “Big 3”

1.1. Roosevelt – USRoosevelt – US2.2. Churchill – BritainChurchill – Britain3.3. Stalin – Sov. Un.Stalin – Sov. Un.

Soviets agreed to hold free elections in Soviets agreed to hold free elections in occupied territories, Split Germany in 4occupied territories, Split Germany in 4

United NationsUnited Nations

President Harry Truman takes officePresident Harry Truman takes office50 nations – including Sov. Un.50 nations – including Sov. Un.Settle disputes, prevent warSettle disputes, prevent war

Soviet ExpansionSoviet ExpansionNo free elections = communist countriesNo free elections = communist countriesEuropean SplitEuropean Split– East – Soviet East – Soviet CommunismCommunism – “equality”, – “equality”,

common goods and property, massive gov’t common goods and property, massive gov’t controlcontrol

– West – Capitalist DemocracyWest – Capitalist Democracy– ““Iron Curtain”Iron Curtain” – Sov. Un. Cut off eastern – Sov. Un. Cut off eastern

Europe from the westEurope from the westPossible expansion south (Turkey, Greece) Possible expansion south (Turkey, Greece)

Containing the SovietsContaining the Soviets

Containment – preventing the expansion of Containment – preventing the expansion of powerpower– Non militaryNon military– Western Europe and JapanWestern Europe and Japan

Truman Doctrine – help threatened nationsTruman Doctrine – help threatened nations– Greece and TurkeyGreece and Turkey

Marshall Plan – give economic aid to Marshall Plan – give economic aid to western Europewestern Europe

Crisis in BerlinCrisis in Berlin

Germany dividedGermany divided– East – Soviet unionEast – Soviet union– West – US, Britain, FranceWest – US, Britain, France

Berlin dividedBerlin dividedSoviet blockade of BerlinSoviet blockade of BerlinAmerican American airliftairlift – transport of supplies by – transport of supplies by airair

Crisis in BerlinCrisis in Berlin

Two nations formedTwo nations formed1.1. East Germany – German Democratic RepublicEast Germany – German Democratic Republic2.2. West Germany – Federal Republic of GermanyWest Germany – Federal Republic of Germany

Two Armed CampsTwo Armed Camps

Cold WarCold War – a war in which the two sides – a war in which the two sides do not actually fightdo not actually fight– US vs. SUUS vs. SU– Building up the militaryBuilding up the military

NATO – North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization– US, Canada and 10 European nationsUS, Canada and 10 European nations– ““an attack on one is an attack on all”an attack on one is an attack on all”

Warsaw Pact – Soviet response to NATOWarsaw Pact – Soviet response to NATO– Europe further dividedEurope further divided

US RearmsUS Rearms

Arms Race – who can build the biggest and Arms Race – who can build the biggest and the bestthe bestUS must lead the way!!!US must lead the way!!!National Securities CouncilNational Securities CouncilUS builds the largest military in HISTORY!!!US builds the largest military in HISTORY!!!

Independence MovementIndependence Movement

Philippines break from the USPhilippines break from the USIndia, Pakistan, Burma, and 25 African India, Pakistan, Burma, and 25 African nations break away from European nations break away from European powerspowers

Dividing PalestineDividing Palestine

½ to Jews, ½ to Arabs½ to Jews, ½ to ArabsIsrael to the JewsIsrael to the JewsJerusalem is an international cityJerusalem is an international cityConstant warConstant war

Communism to ChinaCommunism to China

Civil War, Communist VictoryCivil War, Communist VictoryMao ZedongMao Zedong

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Mao.JPG

Post WWII PoliticsPost WWII Politics

Section 2Section 2

Post War EconomyPost War Economy

GI Bill of RightsGI Bill of Rights– $ in loans for returning soldiers$ in loans for returning soldiers– Reduced unemployment – boosted economyReduced unemployment – boosted economy

InflationInflation – rise in prices – rise in prices– Removal of price controlsRemoval of price controls– Availability/desire to buy thingsAvailability/desire to buy things

Workers seek better conditions – STRIKE!Workers seek better conditions – STRIKE!– Truman forces them back to workTruman forces them back to work

Political StrugglePolitical Struggle

Truman (Democrat) faces off against Truman (Democrat) faces off against RepublicansRepublicans

– ““Fair Deal”Fair Deal”1.1. Raise minimum wageRaise minimum wage2.2. Expand social securityExpand social security3.3. More public housingMore public housing4.4. National health insuranceNational health insurance

– Republicans control congress – “Had Republicans control congress – “Had Enough”Enough”

Election of 1948Election of 1948

Thomas Dewey vs. Harry TrumanThomas Dewey vs. Harry TrumanChicago Tribune – “Dewey defeats Chicago Tribune – “Dewey defeats Truman” Truman” ***MISTAKE!!!***MISTAKE!!!Truman won by narrow marginTruman won by narrow marginDem’s control both houses of congressDem’s control both houses of congressFair Deal passes – Kind ofFair Deal passes – Kind of

Civil RightsCivil Rights

Civil RightsCivil Rights – ALL people receive equal – ALL people receive equal rights, no discriminationrights, no discriminationGive all races equal rightsGive all races equal rightsProtect African Am. voting rightsProtect African Am. voting rightsDesegregateDesegregate the militarythe military– End racial separationEnd racial separation

The Korean WarThe Korean War

Section 3Section 3

Road to WarRoad to War

Korea – little known by the average Korea – little known by the average AmericanAmerican– Divided at the end of WWII – 38Divided at the end of WWII – 38thth Parallel Parallel

USUSSoviet UnionSoviet Union

Remained divided after occupationRemained divided after occupation– Tensions highTensions high

Conflict BeginsConflict Begins

N. Korea wanted to unify country by forceN. Korea wanted to unify country by forceJune 25, 1950 – N. Korea invadesJune 25, 1950 – N. Korea invades– Easy victoryEasy victory– Captured the capital city of SeoulCaptured the capital city of Seoul

Truman believed this was supported by Truman believed this was supported by the Sovietsthe Soviets

UN RespondsUN Responds

UN sends troops to assist S. KoreaUN sends troops to assist S. Korea– Gen. Douglas MacArthurGen. Douglas MacArthur– Over 20 nations sent troopsOver 20 nations sent troops– US had the largest numberUS had the largest number

War Rages OnWar Rages On

Chinese forces help N. KoreaChinese forces help N. KoreaMacArthur and Truman dispute strategyMacArthur and Truman dispute strategyMacArthur makes bold moveMacArthur makes bold move– Troops to South (Pusan)Troops to South (Pusan)– Troops to the middle (Inchon)Troops to the middle (Inchon)

UN recaptures S. KoreaUN recaptures S. Korea

On the OffensiveOn the Offensive

MacArthur wanted to press on into N. MacArthur wanted to press on into N. KoreaKorea– Truman allowedTruman allowed

UN pushes north almost to Chinese borderUN pushes north almost to Chinese borderChina replies “STOP OR ELSE!!!”China replies “STOP OR ELSE!!!”We didn’t listenWe didn’t listenN. Korea & China recapture SeoulN. Korea & China recapture Seoul

American Leadership DividedAmerican Leadership Divided

By Jan. 1951 UN forces recapture Seoul By Jan. 1951 UN forces recapture Seoul and push N. Korea back to 38and push N. Korea back to 38thth Parallel Parallel– StalemateStalemate – neither side gains ground toward – neither side gains ground toward

victoryvictory2 years2 years

Truman vs. MacArthurTruman vs. MacArthur– MacArthur – we need to attack China!!!MacArthur – we need to attack China!!!– Truman – we need peaceTruman – we need peaceMacArthur fired – American’s not happyMacArthur fired – American’s not happy

End of ConflictEnd of Conflict

Peace talks for 2 yearsPeace talks for 2 years– Treaty signed – July 27, 1953Treaty signed – July 27, 1953– Created a Created a demilitarized zonedemilitarized zone – no military can – no military can

enterenterBetween North and South KoreaBetween North and South Korea

Neither side wonNeither side won– 54,000 Americans died, 2 million Koreans and 54,000 Americans died, 2 million Koreans and

Chinese diedChinese diedAmerica accomplished their goal of America accomplished their goal of containmentcontainment

The Red ScareThe Red Scare

Section 4Section 4

The Red ScareThe Red Scare

Fear of Communist Fear of Communist subversionsubversion – sabotage – sabotageKnowledge of the Soviet atomic bombKnowledge of the Soviet atomic bombFear that “Reds” had taken over the USFear that “Reds” had taken over the US– No one was safe from accusationsNo one was safe from accusations

Cold War FearsCold War Fears

Truman ordered investigation of all federal Truman ordered investigation of all federal employeesemployees– 6 million, many lost their jobs6 million, many lost their jobs

Many organizations questioned loyaltyMany organizations questioned loyalty– Loyalty oathsLoyalty oaths

McCarran Act – all communists have to McCarran Act – all communists have to registerregister– VetoedVetoed

Un-American ActivitiesUn-American Activities

House of Un-American ActivitiesHouse of Un-American Activities– Investigating communist subversionInvestigating communist subversion

Guilty by associationGuilty by association““The Hollywood Ten”The Hollywood Ten”– BlacklistsBlacklists – lists of individuals whose loyalty – lists of individuals whose loyalty

was suspiciouswas suspicious

Spies RevealedSpies Revealed

Taking gov’t secrets and giving them to Taking gov’t secrets and giving them to the Sovietsthe Soviets– PerjuryPerjury – lying in court – lying in court

McCarthyismMcCarthyism

A hunt for A hunt for allegedalleged communists communists– Declared w/o proofDeclared w/o proof– Led by Senator Joseph McCarthyLed by Senator Joseph McCarthy

Went around claiming that the gov’t was full of Went around claiming that the gov’t was full of communistscommunistsLost much support during Army-McCarthy Lost much support during Army-McCarthy hearingshearings– Ruined the lives of many innocent peopleRuined the lives of many innocent people– Senate voted to Senate voted to censurecensure him for misconduct him for misconduct

Formally criticizeFormally criticize