The Cold War From WW II through Desert Shield / Storm LTC (Retired) Oakland McCulloch

The Cold WarThe Cold WarFrom WW II through Desert Shield / StormFrom WW II through Desert Shield / Storm

LTC (Retired) Oakland McCullochLTC (Retired) Oakland McCulloch

OutlineOutline

• Origins of the Cold War, 1945-1947

• Global Realignment, 1947-1953

• Escalation and Crisis, 1953-1962

• De-escalation, Vietnam and the Brezhnev Doctrine, 1962-1969

• Thaw and Détente, 1969-1979

• Second Cold War, 1979-1985

• End of the Cold War, 1985-1991


• Spanned 9 Presidents, 12 Administrations and 7 Soviet Premiers

• Main Events (1945-1990)

1940sYalta Conference

Potsdam ConferenceGouzenko Affair

Iran CrisisChinese Civil WarGreek Civil WarMarshall Plan

Berlin BlockadeIron Curtain

1950sKorean War

First Indochina WarIranian Coup

Guatemalan CoupEast German Uprising

First Taiwan Strait CrisisHungarian Revolution

Suez CrisisSecond Taiwan Strait Crisis

Cuban RevolutionMcCarthyism

1960sVietnam WarCongo Crisis

Sino-Soviet SplitU-2 Crisis of 1960

Bay of Pigs InvasionCuban Missile Crisis

Erection of the Berlin WallOverthrow of SukarnoSecret War in Laos

Regime of the Colonels in GreecePrague Spring Uprising

Sino-Soviet Border Conflict


• Spanned 9 Presidents, 12 Administrations and 7 Soviet Premiers

• Main Events (1945-1990)

1970sCambodian Civil WarPing Pong Diplomacy

1972 Nixon Visit to ChinaOverthrow of Allende

SALT IAngolan Civil War

Mozambican Civil WarThird Indochina War

SALT IIIranian Revolution

1980sSoviet-Afghan War

Salvadoran Civil WarPolish Solidarity Movement

Invasion of GrenadaFall of the Berlin WarRevolutions of 1989

1990sDesert Shield / Desert Storm

Dissolution of the USSR

• The Cold War• Protracted geopolitical, ideological and economic struggle• Emerged after World War II• Between the US and its allies and the USSR and its allies


• Distrust between the US and USSR at the end of WW II• No love loss before WW II• Yalta Conference• Espionage activity

• Communism vs. Democracy• State Controlled Economy vs. Capitalism• Disagreement on International Control of Nuclear Energy

• Origins of the Cold War, 1945-1947


Global Realignment, 1947-1953• Truman Doctrine• Marshall Plan• Berlin Blockade & Airlift

• Soviet Union detonates first atomic bomb• Formation of NATO & Warsaw Pact• Division of Germany

• Escalation and Crisis, 1953-1962• the Hungarian Revolution in 1956• the Sino-Soviet split in 1960• the erection of the Berlin Wall in 1961• the Bay of Pigs in 1961• the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962


• De-escalation, Vietnam & Brezhnev Doctrine 1962-1969

• installation of the “Hotline” in 1963• Partial Test Ban Treaty in 1963• The Vietnam War in 1964• The invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968• The Brezhnev Doctrine

• Thaw and Détente, 1969-1979• the Détente period of the Cold War was marked by mediation and relative peace• Treaty of Warsaw (between Poland & West Germany)• Four-Power Agreement on Berlin (US, UK, France & USSR)• Basic Treaty of 1972 (between East & West Germany)



Second Cold War, 1979-1985• Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan• Soviet deployment of SS-20 medium range nuclear missiles• NATO deployment of 500 Cruise & Pershing II missiles• Election of Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan

• The End of the Cold War, 1985-1991• Rise of Mikhail Gorbachev as leader of USSR, 1985

• Glasnost (openness) and Perestroika (economic restructuring)

• Chernobyl Accident, 1986• Peaceful Revolutions of 1989 in Eastern Europe• Fall of the Berlin War, 1989• Desert Shield / Desert Storm 1990-1991• Soviet coup attempt and collapse of the Soviet Union, 1991


24 new Countries were formed with the end of the Soviet Union

Questions ?Questions ?


Documents

The Cold War From WW II through Desert Shield / Storm LTC (Retired) Oakland McCulloch