The Cold War

The Cold War Heats Up

China Becomes Communist

• Communists vs Nationalists

• Chiang Kai-shek vs Mao Zedong

• Nationalists govt was inefficient and corrupt

• How did the nationalists alienate the farmers?

• How did the communists gain support?

China’s Civil War

• Both sides work together to defeat Japanese

• After WWII go back to fighting each other

• U.S favors Nationalists• U.S. sends aid/military supplies

• Communists comes out victorious/Nationalists settle in Taiwan

• Americans stunned that China becomes communist

The Korean War

• Korean peninsula is free of Japanese rule after WWII

• Similar situation as Germany• 2 Nations are created

• North Korea decides to attack South when U.S pulls out in 1949.

• June 25,1950 the North surprise attacks South

The Korean War

• The UN votes to intervene in Korea

• On June 27 Truman orders troops to the South

• 90% of troops are American

The Korean War

• North has early victories

• MacArthur counter attacks. • Half of the North troops surrender• The rest retreat across 38th parallel

• The South is almost victorious in reuniting the peninsula

• But China enters the fight

• Why did China want the North to be communist?

MacArthur vs Truman

• MacArthur wants to Nuke Chinese cities

• Truman rejects the idea- would cause WWIII

• MacArthur goes over Truman’s head• Starts talking to press, public

• What is the presidents title?

• MacArthur is fired by Truman

• Public doesn’t approve

• http://www.history.com/topics/korean-war/videos#truman-sacks-general-macarthur

• Did Truman do the right thing?

Stalemate

• Korean War ends in Stalemate

• 1953 armistice to end war is signed• Still what we have today

• 54,000 Americans KIA

• Cost $67 Billion

• Increased fear of spread of communism

The cold war at home

• Fear of Communist influence

• Fear that communism would spread around the world

• 80,000 Americans members of Communist Party

• Loyalty Review Board- What was the purpose?

• 3.2 million employees investigated in 4 years

• Was it constitutional?

The cold war at home

• HUAC- What was its purpose?

• Movie industry was first target- Why?

• Hollywood Ten

• Was it unconstitutional?

• Created a blacklist

• Mccaran Act- Truman Vetoed it. Was he right?

Spy cases

• Alger Hiss- Former state department employee

• The Rosenbergs

• U.S. shocked when Soviets test atomic bomb in 1949

• Believed they were much farther away

• Someone had to have given them our secrets

• Do you think they were guilty?

McCarthy

• Joseph McCarthy- senator from Wisconsin

• Strong Anti-Communist

• He needed an issue to get reelected on

• Creates a “Witch-Hunt”

• McCarthyism- making unfounded accusations

• Claimed he had the names of communists in govermnent

• No Republicans speak out against him. Why?

Mccarthy

• 1954- McCarthy down fall begins

• Makes accusations against the army

• Lost public support during congressional hearing. Why?

• Died 3 years later- broke and an acloholic

• Anti-communist fear spread throughout the nation

• 1953- 39 States passed laws preventing the violent over throw of the government.

Two nations live on the edge

• Brinksmanship rules U.S. Policy

• What is brinksmanship?

• Arms race begins

• Development of the H-Bomb

• Dwight D. Eisenhower becomes president

• John Foster Dulles- strong anti communist

• What did the U.S. do to its armed forces?

• What was our military policy?

• Fog of War- 3:00-3:45

The Cold War Spreads

• CIA- what was its purpose?

• Covert actions in the Middle East and Latin America

• CIA aids overthrow of government in Iran

• Covert actions in Guatemala, Mexico

• Stalin dies in 1953

• Warsaw Pact- What did it do?

• Summit in Geneva- step towards peace?

The Cold war spreads

• The Suez War

• Fight over control of the Suez Canal

• The Eisenhower Doctrine

• U.S. would defend Middle East against communism

• The Hungarian Uprising

• Was the crisis in Hungary a contradiction of U.S. policy?

The cold war takes to the skies

• Nikita Krushchev is new leader of USSR

• He believed in peaceful spread of communism

• Favored peaceful coexistence with competition

• The Space Race

• Soviets launch Sputnik

• U.S is beaten to space

The cold war takes to the Skies

• U-2 is shot down- spy plane

• Eisenhower wants to discontinue them

• Dulles gets him to keep them

• Krushchev feeels betrayed

• Eisenhower wont apologize

• Tensions rise again, bigger than ever