The Communist Wars-The Communist Wars-Cold War, Korean War & Cold War, Korean War &

Vietnam WarVietnam War

The Cold War- No, it The Cold War- No, it was not a very “cold” was not a very “cold” war! war!

Cold War IdeologiesCold War Ideologies

United StatesUnited StatesEncouraged Encouraged

democracydemocracyWanted to gain Wanted to gain

access to raw access to raw materials and materials and marketsmarkets

Wanted to help Wanted to help create more create more European European economieseconomies

Reunite GermanyReunite Germany

Soviet UnionSoviet Union Encouraged Encouraged

communismcommunism Wanted to use raw Wanted to use raw

materials to rebuild materials to rebuild economyeconomy

Wanted to control Wanted to control Eastern EuropeEastern Europe

Keep Germany dividedKeep Germany divided

Key VocabularyKey Vocabulary ““Iron Curtain”Iron Curtain” ““McCarthyism”McCarthyism” Containment policyContainment policy Domino TheoryDomino Theory Marshall PlanMarshall Plan

Senator Joseph McCarthy

Events of Cold WarEvents of Cold War

Berlin Wall createdBerlin Wall createdNATO/ Warsaw PactNATO/ Warsaw PactSEATOSEATONuclear wars/ “Arms Race”Nuclear wars/ “Arms Race” ““Space Race” Space Race” Truman DoctrineTruman Doctrine

Events of the Cold War cont’dEvents of the Cold War cont’d

Brinkmanship/DétenteBrinkmanship/DétenteU-2 incidentU-2 incidentBerlin Blockade/Berlin AirliftBerlin Blockade/Berlin AirliftKitchen DebateKitchen Debate1980 Olympic Ice Hockey Game- 1980 Olympic Ice Hockey Game-

Semifinals- US vs. USSRSemifinals- US vs. USSR

Sputnik- October 4, 1957 (first satellite put into space)

During the 1950s, the Third World emerged as key arena of Cold War competition. The May 1954 Battle of Dien Bien Phu was the final battle in the First Indochina War between France and pro-independence nationalists, but laid the groundwork for U.S. involvement in the region.

JULY 24, 1959

Brezhnev and Nixon talk during Brezhnev's June 1973 visit to Washington—a high-water mark in détente between the United States and the Soviet Union.

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Soviet Union quickly abandoned its Cold War commitments as the state and Communist Party rule unraveled. By late 1991, opposition to Gorbachev's radical reforms had triggered the Soviet coup attempt of 1991, but the failure of the coup wound up accelerating the dissolution of the USSR. Above, Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin spar over the events of the coup, with Yeltsin accusing Gorbachev of failing to prevent the crisis. Later, Gorbachev would accuse Yeltsin of tearing the Soviet Union apart out of a desire to advance his own personal interests.

KOREAN KOREAN WARWAR

Korean WarKorean War

BackgroundBackgroundKorea divided at the 38Korea divided at the 38thth parallel after World parallel after World

War II, ending Japanese controlWar II, ending Japanese controlNorthern part- occupied by Soviet troops until Northern part- occupied by Soviet troops until

19481948Southern part- occupied by Americans until Southern part- occupied by Americans until

19491949Truman convinced of a repeat of Germany in Truman convinced of a repeat of Germany in

North KoreaNorth Korea

Events of WarEvents of War War began when communist North Korea invaded War began when communist North Korea invaded

South Korea in 1950, capturing the capital, SeoulSouth Korea in 1950, capturing the capital, Seoul South Korea asks UN to intervene South Korea asks UN to intervene UN Security Council voted to aid South KoreaUN Security Council voted to aid South Korea 15 countries participated under the leadership of 15 countries participated under the leadership of

MacArthurMacArthur United States led the peacekeeping forces United States led the peacekeeping forces 20 other nations eventually became involved in the 20 other nations eventually became involved in the

warwar Koreans saw it primarily as a civil warKoreans saw it primarily as a civil war

General Douglas MacArthur

In October 1950, after routing North Korean soldiers from the southern half of the Korea Peninsula, United States general Douglas MacArthur sent troops across the 38th parallel into North Korea. In November Chinese troops entered the Korean War on the side of the North, and by early December North Korea was cleared of U.S. and South Korean troops.

Outcome/Legacy of the Korean Outcome/Legacy of the Korean WarWar

Both countries remained dividedBoth countries remained divided5 million died in process5 million died in processNorth Korea built collective farms and North Korea built collective farms and

nuclear weapons, yet suffer economically nuclear weapons, yet suffer economically and sociallyand socially

South Korea prospered with massive aid South Korea prospered with massive aid from the US and grew tremendously from the US and grew tremendously economicallyeconomically

In July 1953 North Korea and China, allies in the Korean War, signed a truce agreement at Panmunjeom (P’anmunjŏm) with the United Nations command that had supported South Korea. The agreement ended fighting on the Korea Peninsula, but a permanent peace settlement between South Korea and North Korea has not been reached.

VIETNAM VIETNAM WARWAR

Vietnam WarVietnam WarBackgroundBackground

Once a French colonyOnce a French colonyMain cause of the war- failure of Vietnamese Main cause of the war- failure of Vietnamese

nationalists to gain control of southern nationalists to gain control of southern Vietnam after their struggle with France Vietnam after their struggle with France (1946- 1954)(1946- 1954)

Ho Chi MinhHo Chi Minh ““Charlie”- VietcongCharlie”- Vietcong

Events of Vietnam WarEvents of Vietnam War

A Divided CountryA Divided Country Ngo Dinh Diem- SouthNgo Dinh Diem- South Ho Chi Minh- NorthHo Chi Minh- North

U.S. deployed large numbers of troops to South U.S. deployed large numbers of troops to South Vietnam between 1954 and 1973Vietnam between 1954 and 1973

Ho Chi Minh TrailHo Chi Minh Trail Guerilla warfareGuerilla warfare TET OffensiveTET Offensive War finally concluded on April 30, 1975 with the War finally concluded on April 30, 1975 with the

fall of Saigon fall of Saigon

President Eisenhower and Secretary of State John Foster Dulles greet President Ngo Dinh Diem in Washington.

The Ho Chi Minh Trail running through Laos, 1967

A U.S. B-66 Destroyer and four F-105 Thunderchiefs dropping bombs on North Vietnam.

Le Duc Tho and Henry Kissinger (fourth and fifth from the left, respectively). Le Duc Tho and Henry Kissinger were jointly awarded the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts in negotiating the Paris Peace Accords — a ceasefire and American withdrawal from Vietnam.

National Chief of Police Nguyen Ngoc Loan executes an NFL officer in Saigon during TET. Images of the killing shocked the world.

Kim Phuc Phan Thi, center, running down a road near Trang Bang, Vietnam, after a napalm bomb was dropped on the village of Trang Bang by a plane of the Vietnam Air Force. The village was suspected by US Army forces of being a Viet Cong stronghold. Kim Phuc survived by tearing off her burning clothes.

Reaction of US Home FrontReaction of US Home Front

First war televised where everyone could First war televised where everyone could see events unfoldsee events unfold

Americans were outraged by war and Americans were outraged by war and results of itresults of it

Booing soldiers upon returnBooing soldiers upon return

Outcome/Legacy of the Vietnam Outcome/Legacy of the Vietnam WarWar

Vietnam became united under communist Vietnam became united under communist rulerule

In 1972, the United States signed a In 1972, the United States signed a strategic arms limitation treaty with the strategic arms limitation treaty with the Soviet Union Soviet Union

Vietnam was of little economic value to any Vietnam was of little economic value to any countrycountry

Media released the power they possess Media released the power they possess with showing information to the publicwith showing information to the public

BibliographyBibliography

Wikipedia.comWikipedia.comEncarta.msn.comEncarta.msn.com