The Cooper Basin dataset: the 2003 injection experiment · Hotel Palazzo Esedra, Piazzale Tecchio, 50 ... “Summary of Microseismic Network operations ... Gutenberg-Richter (Asanuma

First Annual MeetingNapoli - June 7-9, 2016

Hotel Palazzo Esedra, Piazzale Tecchio, 50 – 80125

Simone Cesca, Daniela Kühn, GFZ Potsdam

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 640896.

SHale gas Exploration and Exploitation induced Risks

The Cooper Basin dataset:the 2003 injection experiment

The Cooper Basin dataset:the 2003 injection experiment

IntroductionIntroductionCooper Basin

project to develop commercial hot dry rock (HDR) plant with capacity of several hundred MW of electricity (undertaken by Geodynamics Ltd)

in 2003, a well was drilled within the Cooper Basin into the granitic basement down to 4,420 m depth (Habanero #1)

several sub-horizontal over-pressured fractures were found in the granitic section of the well (consisting with horizontal maximum tectonic stress orientation in Australia and global stress field; “overthrust stress regime”)

2 S. Cesca, D. Kühn, Cooper Basin

IntroductionIntroductionCooper Basin

stimulation in Nov & Dec 2003

injection: 20,000 m3 of liquid into granitic basement over 3 weeks; highest pumping rate: 18 bpm (48 l/s); 2 stages, FIT and LFT tests

network: 4 near-surface stations (100 m depth), 4 downhole stations (1 deep at 1,794 m, 3 at 200-400 m depth); 3-comp. stations; offset to furthest station approx. 5 km

32 000 triggers, 12 000 events located, largest event moment magnitude M=3.0



microseismic event cloud (red dot: magnitude > 1)

injection wellmonitoring well: sensor depth 1791 m

monitoring well: sensor depth 220-450 mmonitoring well: sensor depth 95-100 m


• hypocenters: lateral extension 2 x 1.5 km; align along single plane-like structure, vertical extension smaller than 20 m

• hypocenter distribution highly organized in space and time (interpreted in terms of Kaiser effect)

• Habanero #2 (drilled in 2005): location of fracture as expected from interpretation of 2003 event locations is only 15 m off

Source: Baisch & Vörös (2004),Q-con Report GDY011

Data availableData availablecatalogue (Tohoku University):

28323 events (thereof 23497 events with location and 28265 events with magnitude)

catalog “1”: 06.11.-22.12.2003, catalog “2”: 19.09.2004-07.04.2005

triggered (Tohoku University):

zipped subdirectories with dates ranging from 06.11.2003 to 22.12.2003 (1 to 3 subdirectories per date)

no archive available for 27 Nov, archives corrupted (and data not usable) for 30 Nov and 1 Dec (according to Q-con)

continuous (CRIEPI):

daily subdirectories for the time range 05.11.2003-23.12.2003; no data from 5th Dec (17:00h) to 11th December (6:00h); 10-sec chunks / 16 channels

fortran code to convert binary data to ascii


Metadata availableMetadata availableseismicity: information on wells, sensors, geophone coordinates (10-15 m deviation in depth), 5-layer or homogeneous velocity model

stimulation data (time, tubing pressure, manifold pressure, annulus pressure, slurry rate, clean rate, downhole rate/flowback rate, job volume), PTS data and reports

surface gauge data (time, pressure, temperature)

logging and other well test data and reports

well data and reports


Metadata availableMetadata availablenumerous reports, the most important being:

“Summary of Microseismic Network operations.doc” (authors unknown)

“Well testing and stimulation of Habanero #1: field report (date 27-Nov-2003)” (Q-con)

“Microseismic monitoring at the Geodynamics Habanero Site, Cooper Basin, Australia” (Asanuma, Tohoku University)

“Habanero #1 stimulation operations review” (Davidson et al., Geodynamics)

“Seismic data processing and analysis of Habanero #1 stimulation (date 27 Oct 2004)” (Baisch & Vörös, Q-con)

“Cooper Basin HDR hazard evaluation: predictive modeling of local stress changes due to HFR geothermal energy operations in South Australia (date Oct 2006)” (Hunt & Morelli, University of Adelaide)


AdvantagesAdvantages● wealth of information available, not only on seismicity, but

also on wells, logging, stimulations, stress field, geology,...

● wealth of events recorded

● first stimulation in a predominantly horizontally stressed deep granite environment

● first stimulation of highly over-pressured HFR well

● first stimulation to use salt diversion treatments

● clear correlation of event occurrence and stimulation


ChallengesChallenges● gaps in data

● changes in network:

– 5 periods of channel assignments

– not all 3 components from every sensor available (due to restriction of 16 channel digitizer)

– apparently didn’t produce systematic artefacts (Q-con)

● limited dynamics of data recording system:

– clipping of amplitudes, saturation

● uncertainty in velocity model:

– Japanese team used 5-layer velocity model and adjusted velocity of lowermost layer such that initial events were mapped at location of large fracture observed in the well

– QCON states that usage of homogeneous velocity model is more adequate


ChallengesChallenges● data quality:

– station MCL (deep) contaminated with with 50Hz noise frequently masking the P-wave onset

– varying quality at MW stations (MW1: contaminated, MW3: frequently recorded no seismic signals)

– frequency bandwidth of seismic signals is extremely low (pre-filtered?)

● both low-pass filtering during data acquisition and amplification of the analogue recordings inhibit quantitative analysis of the dynamic portion of the data (e.g. analysis of source parameters) even if the instrument transfer functions would be known (is not; Q-con)

● locations found by Japanese team (catalogue) are partly in disagreement with the ones found by Q-con (Q-con catalogue not included)

● data catalogue provided by Tohoku University is incomplete and misses events that were originally classified as mistriggers or having low signal-to-noise ratio (Q-con)


Research performedResearch performed● absolute event location: P-wave onsets (Asanuma et al., 2004), P+S-wave

onsets (Baisch et al., 2006)

● velocity model: 5-layers (Soma et al., 2004); homogeneous (Baisch et al., 2006); vp/vs ratio (Baisch et al., 2006)

● spatiotemporal ordering of events, migration (Baisch et al., 2006)

● source area (Asanuma et al., 2005a; Baisch et al., 2006)

● magnitude estimation (Asanuma et al., 2005a; Baisch et al., 2009; Kaieda et al., 2010); Gutenberg-Richter (Asanuma et al., 2005a; Mukuhira et al., 2010); b-value (Shapiro and Dinske, 2009)

● qualitative relationship between magnitude and hydraulic records:

– none (Asanuma et al., 2005a; Mukuhira et al., 2010)

– the larger the injected fluid mass, the higher the number of events (Shapiro and Dinske, 2009)

– linear correlation between injected water volume and seismically activated area (Kaieda et al., 2010)


Research performedResearch performed● analysis of polarities (Asanuma et al., 2005a; Mukuhira et al., 2010), but no

focal mechanisms or moment tensors (instrument polarities were not known and might have changed in course of channel reconfiguration; Baisch et al., 2009)

● multiplet analysis (Asanuma et al., 2005a); cluster analysis (Baisch et al., 2006)

● relocation:

– JHD (Asanuma et al., 2005a)

– collapsing method of Jones and Stewart (1997) (Asanuma et al., 2005b)

– coherence collapsing (Asanuma et al., 2005c)

– double difference (Kumano et al., 2006)

– master event technique (Baisch et al., 2006)


Research performedResearch performed● interpretation of hydraulic parameters, stress, temperatures, logging

(Baisch et al., 2006); ratio of seismic to pumping energy (Kaieda et al., 2010)

● r-t plots, hydraulic diffusivity (Shapiro and Dinske, 2009), seismogenic index (Shapiro et al., 2010)

● poststimulation period (Baisch et al., 2006)

● seismic hazard (Hunt and Morelli, 2006); stress magnitudes in Cooper-Eromanga Basins (Reynolds et al., 2006); geomechanical interpretation (Wyborn, 2010)


Documents

The Cooper Basin dataset: the 2003 injection experiment · Hotel Palazzo Esedra, Piazzale Tecchio, 50 ... “Summary of Microseismic Network operations ... Gutenberg-Richter (Asanuma