The Cowboys, The Cowboys, Miners , and Miners , and

RanchersRanchers

Who were the cowboys?Who were the cowboys?

► 20% were Mexicans20% were Mexicans► 15-30% were freed slaves15-30% were freed slaves►Many were former Many were former

Confederate soldiersConfederate soldiers

How much did they earn?How much did they earn?

► About 80 cents a About 80 cents a dayday

What was their diet like?

Stew made of beans and poor cuts of beef and the brains andIntestines of cattle

What were his most important What were his most important possessions?possessions?

► A hatA hat with a wide brim, which cost with a wide brim, which cost him up to 3 months of payhim up to 3 months of pay

► ChapsChaps to protect him while he to protect him while he roderode

► SaddleSaddle► LariatLariat or rope or rope► BootsBoots► BandanaBandana to filter out dust to filter out dust► SpursSpurs► VestVest, because he could not reach , because he could not reach

his pocketshis pockets

► The horse was usually The horse was usually provided when he signed on provided when he signed on to work.to work.

The Long Drive and the The Long Drive and the MarketsMarkets

►Mining campsMining camps, , the Armythe Army, and , and Eastern Eastern citiescities were the largest markets for cattle were the largest markets for cattle

►The goal of the long drive was to The goal of the long drive was to get the get the cattle from Texas where they could cattle from Texas where they could be sold for $3-5 to the railroads be sold for $3-5 to the railroads where they could be sold for $30-50.where they could be sold for $30-50.

►Trails like the Trails like the ChisholmChisholm, , Goodnight-Goodnight-LovingLoving, , ShawneeShawnee, and the , and the Western Western were were the standard routes.the standard routes.

The RanchersThe Ranchers

► At first, ranchers kept At first, ranchers kept track of their cattle by track of their cattle by using using brandsbrands..

► As soon as settlers As soon as settlers started to farm on land started to farm on land plots, ranchers hand to plots, ranchers hand to abandon abandon “free range”“free range” cattlecattle

► They used They used barbed wirebarbed wire to cheaply fence off to cheaply fence off their land and to prevent their land and to prevent the cattle from roamingthe cattle from roaming

Cattle prices dropCattle prices drop

►Oversupply of cattleOversupply of cattle►Investors from Britain and the Investors from Britain and the

EastEast►Blizzards in 1886-1887Blizzards in 1886-1887

►THESE ALL AFFECTED CATTLE PRICES THESE ALL AFFECTED CATTLE PRICES AND LED TO THE END OF THE LONG AND LED TO THE END OF THE LONG DRIVES AND THE OPEN RANGE.DRIVES AND THE OPEN RANGE.

The MinersThe Miners

►What events led to the influx of miners?What events led to the influx of miners?►Look on Look on page 289page 289 in the book. in the book.

What was the origin of the cattle trails?What was the origin of the cattle trails? In which direction did the railroads run?In which direction did the railroads run? Why were the following cities important?Why were the following cities important?

►TOMBSTONETOMBSTONE►LEADVILLELEADVILLE►WICHITAWICHITA►SUTTER’S MILLSUTTER’S MILL

THE BIG PICTURETHE BIG PICTURE

►HOW DID HOW DID COWBOYS, MINERS COWBOYS, MINERS

AND RANCHERS AND RANCHERS HELP SETTLE THE HELP SETTLE THE

WEST?WEST?

What now???What now???

►YOUR WORK FOR TOMORROW IS TO YOUR WORK FOR TOMORROW IS TO WRITE DOWN THE BOLD WORDS WRITE DOWN THE BOLD WORDS FOUND IN CHAPTER 8 “MINERS AND FOUND IN CHAPTER 8 “MINERS AND RANCHERS” AND PUT THEM IN THE RANCHERS” AND PUT THEM IN THE RIGHT CATEGORIESRIGHT CATEGORIES