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The Creation of Colonial North America
New Spain, New France, New Netherlands, New England and Virginia
The Creation of Colonial North America
TERMS AND IDENTIFICATIONS: Mètis, coureur de bois, charivari, mestizo, casta painting, Virgen de Guadelupe, indentured servant,
• New France: trade and inclusion
• New Netherlands: trade and exclusion
• New England and Virginia– Puritans: religion and exclusion– Virginia: money and exclusion
• New Spain: religion, money, and inclusion
New SpainMoney, Religion, and InclusionSanta Fe, New Mexico, founded 1608
• Making money required Indian labor: encomienda system
• Saving Indian souls: missions and missionaries– Bishop Juan de Zumarraga, first Bishop of Mexico– Missions in Florida, New Mexico, Texas, and California
• Unions with native women: Mestizos– Casta paintings
• Cultural fusion and syncretism: Virgen de Guadelupe
Spanish Empire
New Spain, 1540
Nueva Espana, 1747
Encomienda system
New SpainMoney, Religion, and InclusionSanta Fe, New Mexico, founded 1608
• Making money required Indian labor: encomienda system
• Saving Indian souls: missions and missionaries– Bishop Juan de Zumarraga, first Bishop of Mexico– Missions in Florida, New Mexico, Texas, and California
• Unions with native women: Mestizos– Casta paintings
• Cultural fusion and syncretism: Virgen de Guadelupe
Spanish missionaries
The Inquisition
Bishop Juan de Zumarraga
Spanish Missions in Florida, the Southeast, and New Mexico
Mission San Jose, TexasFounded 1720
Spanish Missions & Settlements in California
New SpainMoney, Religion, and InclusionSanta Fe, New Mexico, founded 1608
• Making money required Indian labor: encomienda system
• Saving Indian souls: missions and missionaries– Bishop Juan de Zumarraga, first Bishop of Mexico– Missions in Florida, New Mexico, Texas, and California
• Unions with native women: Mestizos– Casta paintings
• Cultural fusion and syncretism: Virgen de Guadelupe
Mestizo
La Virgen de Guadalupe
New SpainMoney, Religion, and Inclusion
Santa Fe, New Mexico, founded 1608
• Making money required Indian labor: encomienda system
• Saving Indian souls: missions and missionaries– Bishop Juan de Zumarraga, first Bishop of Mexico– Missions in Florida, New Mexico, Texas, and California
• Unions with native women: Mestizos– Casta paintings
• Cultural fusion and syncretism: Virgen de Guadelupe
New Spain in the Eighteenth Century
Northern New Spain
Santa Fe, New Mexico, 1866
New FranceTrade and Inclusion
Capital: Quebec City, Canada, founded 1609
• Fur Trade– required cooperation and alliances with indigenous people– Coureur de bois– “Marriages of the country” with indigenous women– From these unions rise the Metis, who form a separate social group and become guides, interpreters, and often traders
• Missionaries– The Jesuit Relations– Worked to convert natives into Christian subjects of French crown– Helped establish French claim to and dominance of crucial interior waterways
• Habitants– seigneurial system of land tenancy, as in France– the charivari– Local militias
• St. John de Brébeuf
French and Spanish Missions
New FranceTrade and Inclusion
Capital: Quebec City, Canada, founded 1609
• Fur Trade– required cooperation and alliances with indigenous people– Coureur de bois– “Marriages of the country” with indigenous women– From these unions rise the Metis, who form a separate social group and become guides, interpreters, and often traders
• Missionaries– The Jesuit Relations– Worked to convert natives into Christian subjects of French crown– Helped establish French claim to and dominance of crucial interior waterways
• Habitants– seigneurial system of land tenancy, as in France– the charivari– Local militias
La Salle Expeditions
The Coureur de bois
The Trapper’s Bride, Alfred Jacob Miller, 1845
Habitants of New France
New France in the 17th Century
New FranceTrade and Inclusion
Capital: Quebec City, Canada, founded 1609.
• Fur Trade– required cooperation and alliances with indigenous people– Coureur de bois– “Marriages of the country” with indigenous women– From these unions rise the Metis, who form a separate social group and become guides, interpreters, and often traders
• Missionaries– The Jesuit Relations– Worked to convert natives into Christian subjects of French crown– Helped establish French claim to and dominance of crucial interior waterways
• Habitants– seigneurial system of land tenancy– the charivari– Local militias
Quebec, capital of New France, 1759
Quebec City
The Creation of Colonial North America
TERMS AND IDENTIFICATIONS: Mètis, coureur de bois, charivari, mestizo, casta painting, indentured servant
• New France: trade and inclusion
• New Netherlands: trade and exclusion
• New England and Virginia– Puritans: religion and exclusion– Virginia: money and exclusion
• New Spain: religion, money, and inclusion
New Netherland
Trade and exclusion• Henry Hudson explorations 1609• Fort Orange (New Albany, NY) built 1615• Dutch West India Company sent settlers in 1624• Fort New Amsterdam (Manhattan Island), 1626• Patroonship plan – similar to French seigneurial
system. • Defeated New Sweden and occupied Fort Christiania
(Wilmington, DE) in 1655• New York transferred to British, 1674.
New Netherland
New Netherlands
