The English Colonies • Business

colonies• Religious

colonies• Refuge colony• Competing with

the French & Spanish

• 3 distinct Regions• New England• Middle• Southern

Colonial Governments

• Charters from the King• Self-Governing• Assembly• Elected members• Made laws for the colony

• Governor• Appointed by the King• Power to overrule the

assembly

• Free, white, land-owning men• Church members

New England Colonies

• Long, cold winters• Rocky, hilly

wilderness• Forests/lumbering• Ship building

• Ocean/fishing• Trade• Small farms

Massachusetts • Puritans• Church of England

• Separatists• Holland

• Desire for English upbringing• 1620, 50 Pilgrims

sailed on Mayflower• William Bradford

• Mayflower Compact• Plymouth • Friendly Natives teach

survival skills

• Massachusetts Bay Colony• 1630• John Winthrop

• Puritans• King happy

• Bible based government• Forced all to attend

church

Rhode Island

• Roger Williams• Believed in religious freedom• Fled south & lived with

Natives

• Providence• Others join him

• Portsmouth• Anne Hutchinson

• “The Sewer of New England”• Cotton Mather• Slave Trade

Connecticut • Thomas Hooker• Puritan clergyman• Disagreed with laws of the

colony• 100 follow him

• Hartford• 1639• Joined with 2 other

settlements

• Fundamental Orders• Male church members

• 1662, Charles II grants charter• Tried to revoke 15 years later

Middle Colonies• Rich, coastal soil• Valleys• Wooded mountains• Lumbering • Ship building

• Wide variety of crops and livestock• Diversity

New York• Duke of York• Gave large estates to wealthy• Inequity of wealth discouraged

settlement• Appointed officials• Issued his own laws• Set tax rates

• New Jersey• York gives the land to two friends

• 1st New York Assembly (abolished)

• 15 laws chartering citizens rights (1683)

• Rights to elect leaders, trial by jury and freedom of religion

• (1691) Assembly reestablished through rebellion

Pennsylvania• William Penn

• Charles II grants charter• Charles II owed a large sum to his

father• Charles II eager to get rid of him• Land between Purtian North and

Anglican South

• Quakers (Society of Friends)

• Simple life of equality

• Refused to bow to the king, pay taxes to the Church of England or fight in war.

• Charles II jailed him for preaching

• Great Law of 1682• All faiths to be treated equally

• Philadelphia• City of Brotherly Love• 1st democracy in America

Southern Colonies

• Broad rivers• Wetlands• Rich soil• Humid climate• Cash crops• Plantations

Maryland• George Calvert, Lord

Baltimore• Roman Catholic businessman• Charles I grants charter

• Catholic freedom• Governor Leonard Calvert • Instructed by his brother to treat

Protestants fairly

• Act Concerning Religion (1649)• Protestants were outnumbering

Catholics• Law guaranteeing religious

freedom to Christians

Virginia• Jamestown booms

• Descendants are now wealthy landowners

• Tobacco booms• Requires many workers• Natives not used to the lifestyle and

died from diseases

• Indentured Servants• Men, women & children come over• Africans • Several years of service• Freedom, land, tools & seeds

• Slavery• Twice as expensive as indentured

servants• Virginia laws proclaim African workers

service, lifelong • Wives

Atlantic Slave Trade

• Spreads from Virginia to all colonies• North finds paid labour cheaper• South dependent on agricultural

labour of cash crops • Tobacco, Rice, Indigo

• West African markets• Middle passage• Skilled servants• Nurses, midwives, • carpenters, blacksmiths

Georgia• James Oglethorpe• Wealthy English donate money

for a debtors colony• King George II • Barrier to Spanish expansion

• Prison colony• fail

• Adventurers• Protestant, Catholic & Jew

• Oglethorpe banned • Alcohol and slavery• He goes bankrupt

• Spainards• Attacked settlement frequently• No colony offered help

Colonial Life Journal

1. Choose 4/7 PIRATES strategy components

2. Write 3 sentences for each component.

3. Clearly communicate the POV you choose.

Comparison Chart

Colony 1st Permanent Settlement

Reason Founded

Founders or Leader

New England

Middle

Southern

Due the Day before the test

Living the Life• 17 years old• Pockets full of clothes• Stumbles upon printer’s

assistant job• In less than 10years

opens his own newspaper

• Prints best selling almanac

• Retires at age 42• Spends rest of his life

forming the foundation of the United States of America.

Farm Life• 90% of population • Raised or made all they

need• Clear the land• Single room with one

fireplace• Burns continuously

• Trundle beds for children• Heavy iron pots for

cooking• Work from dawn to dusk

City life• 5% of the population• Port cities• Marketplaces down from

the docks• Shop-lined streets• Noisy and smelly• Homes are very close

together• Torch lights• Fire buckets

Colonial Rights

• English citizens• They expected to have a

voice in government

• Magna Carta (Great Charter)• 1215-King John • Limited power to

monarchs

• Parliament• 1265-Body of

representatives to approve laws proposed by monarch

• Glorious Revolution• James II didn’t want to

share power• His daughter and her

husband are offered the throne in exchange for signing:

• English Bill of Rights• Parliament has the power

to make laws and pass taxes

• People have the right to petition the king

• Right to trial by jury

• Colonists are shocked to have their rights violated

Colonial Courts

• Colonial assemblies passed their own laws• Death penalties • Murder, treason, piracy,

denying God, striking or cursing your parents

• Jail, whipping, branding• Theft, highway robbery, forgery

• Fines, jail, public humiliation, stocks• Drunkeness, breaking Sabbath

• Puritans• Strictest laws• Based on their interpretation of

the Bible

Salem• Puritan rule• Signs of Satan’s influence• Ruled by a council of church

elders

• Blue Laws (Sunday Laws)• Mandatory church attendance• No work or play• Some are still on the books

today

• Witch Trials-1691• Young girls acting oddly• Girls accuse neighbors• 20 die before realizing the

girls are lieing

Society Strata• Class• Determined by family name

and wealth in England

• Colonial America provided for upward mobility• Hard work• marriage

• “Clothing makes the man”• Gentry wore ornamental

clothing• Some colonies forbid

ornamental decoration

• Gentry class• Large land holdings

• English civil servants

• Middle class• Farmers ~ landowners

• Artisans ~ business owners

• Brightly colored clothes during the week

• Dark colors on Sunday

• Lower class• Farmhands/workers

• Depend on others for their wages

• Could not vote

• Servant class• Indentured

• Slaves

Religion• Puritan• Drums or a horn called people

to church• Town meeting house for day

long services• “Seating Committee”• “Captains of the Watch”

• 1st Great Awakening• People had lost their faith• Preachers traveled to towns for

outdoor “revivals”• Spread the idea that all are

equal in the eyes of God• Lays the ground work for the

American Revolution

Education• New England colonies • Towns required to maintain public

schools• Puritans want children to read

God’s word

• 1647-Massachusetts law requires villages to hire teachers

• Parents contribute to the school

• Middle Colonies• Religious differences make it

difficult to create a curriculum• Church schools

• Southern Colonies• Neighbors hire a teacher• Wealthy have tutors in their home

Family • Extended families• 7-10 children• Around ½ of children died • Shameful to turn away needy

relatives

• Middle & Southern Colonies• Highest death rates

• Marriage• Early to mid-20’s, average age• Remarried quickly after death of

a spouse• Men outnumbered women

Leisure• Bees and Frolics• Shared work and meals• German house or barn raisings

• Toys• Dolls, marbles & tops

• Games• Tag, cricket, sledding• Cards (forbidden by Puritans)

• Fairs• Sports• Bowling Green• Backgammon, billiards • Fox hunting, horse racing

Food • Indian influence• corn

• Meat• Deer, rabbits, birds• Pigs, cattle, chicken

• Spices• Covered the taste of old meat

• Fruits• Apples, grapes, berries

• Vegetables thought to be unhealthy

• Native crops• stews

• Iron Pots • Simmering 24 hours

History Kitchen1.Research colonial

meals and choose 1or 2 dishes to cook.

2.Prepare the meal by recipe

3.Report out on the meal1. Taste

2. Texture

3. Likeability

4. When would you serve this?

5. Who’s most likely to love it AND who’s most likely to hate it? WHY?

Come to Bowling GreenAnswer both questions complete

paragraphs using the terms and ideas presented in this unit.

1. Apply the themes of this unit to your hometown. Use the terms listed below to write a single paragraph description of the town where you currently live. Include the name of your city and state.

Place, Region, Relative location, Physical system and

Human systems.

2. Convince someone to move to another U.S. city. Use the terms listed below to write a single paragraph description of the town where you currently live. Include the name of your city and state.

Place, Region, Relative location, Physical system and

Human systems.

Document Study1. Explain what this document tells you about life in the English Colonies.

What is one research question that this document could help you answer? Explain how this document could help answer that question.

2. Paraphrase the most important information in the document using your own words.

What is one question that this document leaves unanswered? Describe another document that might help you answer this question.