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 The Flagellated

Protozoans

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General Characteristics

• Form

• Organelles

 – Chromoplast

 – Stigma/eyespot

 – Pharyngeal rods/trichites

 – Contractile vacuole

 – Trichocyst

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• Nucleus

• Nutrition

• Locomotion• Encyxtment and

Excystments

• Sensory responses

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The Phytoflagellated Protozoans

• Contain chlorophyll

• Lacks mouth and food

vacuoles

• Bears stigma

• Some autotrophic and some

feed on particulate foods

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The Zooflagellated Protozoans

• Free-living

• Choanoflagellates

•

Colonial & immobile

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The Zooflagellated Parasitic

• Exhibit structural orfunctional complexitynot observed in other

flagellates• Life cycles are complex

as they includeadaptations forperpetuating speciesfrom host to host

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Taxonomic Classification

Discicristates

PhylumParabasala

PhylumEuglenozoa

TheDiplomonad

& Oxymonads

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New Taxonomic Classification

Kingdom Protozoa

The Amoebozoa

Gymnamoebae and Arcellanids

Phylum Mastigamoeba

Phylum Eumycetozoa

The Excavata

Phylum Euglenozoa

The OpisthokontPhylum Heterolobosea

Phylum Metamonada

- The Diplomonads

The Oxymonads

Phylum Parabasala

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Phylum Parabasala

• are anaerobic flagellated

protozoa

• contain at least one parabasal

apparatus consisting of aparabasal body (Golgi complex)

and a parabasal filament

• presence of the microtubular

axostyle-pelta complex,

composed of a sheet of cross-

linked microtubules that are

the longitudinal axis of the cell.

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Phylum Parabasala 

• Lack mitochondria

and peroxisome

• Presence of

hydrogenosomes

•  

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Trichomonas vaginalis

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Class Hypermastigia

• Numerous flagella

• With multiple parabasal

apparatus

• flagella-bearing

kinetosomes distributed

in complete or partial

circles

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Phylum Metamonada

•  Oxymonads and diplomonads

•  lack mitochondria

•

 possess flagella and basal bodies associatedwith nucleus

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The Oxymonads

• Found in gut of termites

and wood-eating insects

• Lack mitochondria and

golgi apparatus

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Phylum Euglenozoa

• Flagellated protozoans

• Free-living or parasitic

•

Kinetoplast and pellicle• Mitochondria have

discoid cristae

•

Peroxisomes andglycosomes are absent

•  cytoskeleton includes

a regular array of

cortical microtubules

• have chlorophylls a

and b and an envelope

of three membranes

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Class Euglenoida

• Pellicle

• with 2 (rarely more)flagella, one or more

emerging from thegullet

• with green

chloroplasts (chl a & b)but absent in manygenera

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Class Kinetoplastea

• Kinetoplast

• Possess 1-2 flagella

•

Free-living, symbiotic orparasitic

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Polymorphism in Flagellates

• Trypomastigote stage

• Epimastigote stage

•

Promastigote stage• Amastigote stage

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Trypanosoma brucei gambience

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Phylum Heterolobosea

)

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Opisthokonts

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