THE IMPACT OF LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY ON SPEECH SOUND PRODUCTION

I. INTRODUCTION**

• Demographics: persons from multicultural backgrounds are increasing greatly in the U.S.

Recent Statistics--% of U.S. population:**

1970 2000 2050 White 83.7 70 50Black 10.6 12 13Hispanic 4.5 13 24Asian 1.0 4 9Native Am. .4 .9 1

II. LANGUAGE VARIETIES**• Dialects—mutually intelligible

forms of a language associated with a particular region,

• ethnicity, or social class.

• In U.S., business dialect is General American English (also called Mainstream American English and Standard American English)

You will have a good L2 accent if:

Children all over the globe exhibit phonological processes:

III. NATIVE AMERICAN LANGUAGES**

• Test: only what is in lecture

• NA languages spoken mainly by elders, not children

• Many NA langs have glottal stops

IV. SPANISH-SPEAKING CHILDREN

• A. Background

• B. Phonological Characteristics (test p. 231 chart esp.)

C. Assessment and Treatment

V. AFRICAN AMERICAN ENGLISH

• A. History of AAE

B. 5 Factors Influencing Use of AAE**– 1. Age (younger ch use it more)

– 2. Socioeconomic status (low-SES families use it more than middle- and upper-SES)

– 3. Geographic location (more in the south)

– 4. Education (less in highly educated families)

– 5. Gender (more boys than girls)

C. Phonological Characteristics of AAE

• **Note: for exam, main focus is on chart on p. 216

D. Assessment and Treatment

In the public schools…

In private practices and universities….

VI. ASIAN, PACIFIC ISLANDER, AND ARABIC LANGUAGES

• A. Introduction

B. Languages of Asian Countries (from bottom of p. 239 to middle of p. 246—lecture notes only are on

exam—not the reading)

• 1. Arabic: Middle East and North Africa.

2. Japanese

3. Tagalog

4. Khmer (kəmaɪ)

5. Hmong

6. Vietnamese

7. Chinese

Youtube video

• The four tones of Mandarin (we’ll watch the 1st 2.5 minutes)