The IndustrialThe IndustrialRevolutionRevolution

AP World HistoryAP World History

1750-19001750-1900

Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

1) Getting the Revolution started1) Getting the Revolution started

2) Factors aiding industrial growth2) Factors aiding industrial growth

3) Britain led the rise of industry3) Britain led the rise of industry

4) Economic effects4) Economic effects

5) Social effects5) Social effects

6) Political effects6) Political effects

7) Legacy7) Legacy

8) Photos of Industrialization8) Photos of Industrialization

Does a Revolution always mean War?Does a Revolution always mean War?

What does the word “revolution” mean?What does the word “revolution” mean? Scientific Revolution, American Revolution, French Scientific Revolution, American Revolution, French

Revolution, and Industrial Revolution.Revolution, and Industrial Revolution. CHANGE!CHANGE!

Long term and short term changes.Long term and short term changes.

How did technological discoveries and How did technological discoveries and developments of the Scientific Revolution developments of the Scientific Revolution change society?change society? Scientific discoveries, new machines, printing press, Scientific discoveries, new machines, printing press,

and exploration.and exploration.

1)Getting the Revolution Started1)Getting the Revolution Started

Many European economies, during the 1700s, Many European economies, during the 1700s, were based on mercantilism and were very labor were based on mercantilism and were very labor intensive.intensive.

Lasting effects from the Scientific Revolution Lasting effects from the Scientific Revolution and a more peaceful Europe led to a demand for and a more peaceful Europe led to a demand for more change.more change.

The Industrial Revolution is defined as a period The Industrial Revolution is defined as a period of increased output of goods made by machines of increased output of goods made by machines and new inventions.and new inventions. It was a slow, long, uneven process from hand tools It was a slow, long, uneven process from hand tools

to complex machines.to complex machines. Which means that the Industrial Revolution did not happen Which means that the Industrial Revolution did not happen

over night. over night.

2) Factors Aiding Industrial 2) Factors Aiding Industrial GrowthGrowth

1.1. Changes in Farming MethodsChanges in Farming Methods Enclosure MovementEnclosure Movement

Process of taking over and fencing off land formerly shared Process of taking over and fencing off land formerly shared by peasant farmers.by peasant farmers. Larger fields = more output.Larger fields = more output. Small farmers are displaced = move to cities for work.Small farmers are displaced = move to cities for work.

Crop RotationCrop Rotation Produce more crops using the same amount of land.Produce more crops using the same amount of land.

Improved LivestockImproved Livestock Selective breeding caused the weights and quantities of Selective breeding caused the weights and quantities of

livestock to double in the 18livestock to double in the 18thth century. century.

Factors Aiding Industrial GrowthFactors Aiding Industrial Growth

2.2. Energy RevolutionEnergy Revolution Coal was used to power the Coal was used to power the first steam first steam

engine.engine. James Watt James Watt (1769) created a pump to remove (1769) created a pump to remove

water out of mines.water out of mines. Vital power source during Industrial RevolutionVital power source during Industrial Revolution

By 1780, rail lines crisscrossed Britain, Europe, and By 1780, rail lines crisscrossed Britain, Europe, and eastern North America.eastern North America.

Improved trade.Improved trade. Encouraged travel for common people.Encouraged travel for common people.

Steam Engine

3) Britain led the Rise of 3) Britain led the Rise of IndustryIndustry

Why did the Industrial Revolution begin here? Why did the Industrial Revolution begin here? Britain had many advantages.Britain had many advantages.

1.1. Manpower Manpower population boom and city workers.population boom and city workers.

2.2. Materials Materials coal, iron ore, and other natural resources.coal, iron ore, and other natural resources.

3.3. Money Money trade and war to invest.trade and war to invest.

4.4. Markets Markets large colonial empire and trade agreements.large colonial empire and trade agreements.

5.5. Modes of Transportation Modes of Transportation roads, rail, and shipping.roads, rail, and shipping.

Britain Led the Rise of IndustryBritain Led the Rise of Industry

British revolutionized textile industryBritish revolutionized textile industry One invention led to another.One invention led to another. Flying Shuttle, Spinning Jenny, Water Frame, Flying Shuttle, Spinning Jenny, Water Frame,

Spinning Mule, Power Loom, and Cotton GinSpinning Mule, Power Loom, and Cotton Gin These inventions were too expensive for These inventions were too expensive for

home use.home use. Welcome to factory life!Welcome to factory life!

Increased cotton and linen output.Increased cotton and linen output. 1785 = 40 million yards1785 = 40 million yards 1850 = 2 billion yards!1850 = 2 billion yards!

Spinning Jenny- to spin yarn and make wool clothes

Cotton Gin- to turn cotton into a fiber which can be used to make clothes

Power loom- used to mass produce textiles

4) Economic Effects of the 4) Economic Effects of the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

1.1. Goods were produced more efficientlyGoods were produced more efficiently

2.2. Supply of goods increasedSupply of goods increased

3.3. Prices of goods decreasedPrices of goods decreased

4.4. More consumer demand due to lowered More consumer demand due to lowered pricesprices

5.5. Jobs were created in factories and on rail Jobs were created in factories and on rail lineslines

6.6. Social changes as well!Social changes as well!

5) Social Effect of the 5) Social Effect of the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

1.1. UrbanizationUrbanization A movement of people to cities.A movement of people to cities. Did they come by choice?Did they come by choice?

Yes and no…changes in farming and demand for workers.Yes and no…changes in farming and demand for workers. OvercrowdingOvercrowding

ManchesterManchester 17,000 in 1750…40,000 in 1780…70,000 in 1801!17,000 in 1750…40,000 in 1780…70,000 in 1801!

Dirty and disease ridden from factories.Dirty and disease ridden from factories. City governments were corrupt and inefficient.City governments were corrupt and inefficient. Cities were unsafe.Cities were unsafe.

Tenement housing Tenement housing Shabby apartment buildings.Shabby apartment buildings. No light, no running water, many to one room, and no No light, no running water, many to one room, and no

sanitation system.sanitation system.

Social Effect of the Social Effect of the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

2.2. Hazards of Factory LifeHazards of Factory Life Long work days.Long work days.

12-16 hours.12-16 hours. No safety devices.No safety devices.

Loss of limbs and lives.Loss of limbs and lives. Pollution.Pollution.

Coal dust and lint into lungs of workers.Coal dust and lint into lungs of workers. Women were paid less than men.Women were paid less than men.

Many employers preferred women to men.Many employers preferred women to men. Thought they could adapt to machines better and easier to Thought they could adapt to machines better and easier to

manage.manage.

Grim family life.Grim family life. Concept of the “double-shift”.Concept of the “double-shift”.

Social Effect of the Social Effect of the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

3.3. Children Suffered in Mills and MinesChildren Suffered in Mills and Mines Were “trappers”.Were “trappers”.

Cleared the ventilation shafts.Cleared the ventilation shafts. Orphaned children worked for food and Orphaned children worked for food and

board.board. Many families needed the extra money.Many families needed the extra money. Many were beat and very few received an Many were beat and very few received an

education.education. Factory Act of 1833. Factory Act of 1833.

Minimum 13 years old and maximum 8 hour day.Minimum 13 years old and maximum 8 hour day.

Social Effect of the Social Effect of the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

4.4. Middle Class ExpandedMiddle Class Expanded Rise of factory owners, shippers, and Rise of factory owners, shippers, and

merchants.merchants. Lived in nice housing, dressed and ate well, Lived in nice housing, dressed and ate well,

and women did not work.and women did not work. Viewed the poor as lazy or ignorant.Viewed the poor as lazy or ignorant.

Responsible for their own misery. Responsible for their own misery.

6) Political Effects of the 6) Political Effects of the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

Capitalism vs. SocialismCapitalism vs. Socialism Capitalism.Capitalism.

Individuals, rather than governments, control the Individuals, rather than governments, control the factors of production.factors of production.

Land, labor, and capital.Land, labor, and capital.

Businesses are privately owned.Businesses are privately owned. Socialism.Socialism.

Government owns the means of production and Government owns the means of production and operates them on behalf of the people.operates them on behalf of the people.

Reform movements, unions, and anti-trust Reform movements, unions, and anti-trust laws are created.laws are created.

7) Legacy7) Legacy

Was the Industrial Revolution a blessing or Was the Industrial Revolution a blessing or a curse?a curse? Negative: Negative:

Low pay, unemployment, horrible living conditions, Low pay, unemployment, horrible living conditions, and need for reform. and need for reform.

Positive:Positive: New factories opened, created more jobs, wages New factories opened, created more jobs, wages

rose, travel increased, horizons widened, and rose, travel increased, horizons widened, and opportunities increased. opportunities increased.

Conditions improved over time!Conditions improved over time!

8) Important Inventions and Inventors to 8) Important Inventions and Inventors to Remember from the Industrial RevolutionRemember from the Industrial Revolution

Cotton GinCotton Gin (invented by Eli Whitney 1793) (invented by Eli Whitney 1793) Telegraph Telegraph (invented by Samuel Morse 1836)(invented by Samuel Morse 1836) Sewing MachineSewing Machine (invented by Elias Howe 1844) (invented by Elias Howe 1844) Transatlantic CableTransatlantic Cable (invented by Cyrus Field 1866) (invented by Cyrus Field 1866) Telephone Telephone (invented by Alexander Graham Bell, 1876)(invented by Alexander Graham Bell, 1876) Electric Light BulbElectric Light Bulb (invented by Thomas Edison, 1879) (invented by Thomas Edison, 1879) AutomobileAutomobile (invented by Karl Benz, 1885) (invented by Karl Benz, 1885) RadioRadio (invented by Guglielmo Marconi 1895) (invented by Guglielmo Marconi 1895) AirplaneAirplane (invented by Wilbur and Orville Wright, 1903) (invented by Wilbur and Orville Wright, 1903) Assembly LineAssembly Line (invented by Henry Ford, 1913) (invented by Henry Ford, 1913)

Assassinationof Archduke Ferdinand

Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution

European Industrial Revolution

Justifications: 19th

Century LiberalismSocial Darwinism

Justifications: 19th

Century LiberalismSocial Darwinism

Responses:Socialism, Marxism

Labor Unions

Responses:Socialism, Marxism

Labor Unions

SocialChanges

SocialChanges Urban Industrial

Environment

Urban Industrial Environment

FinanceCapitalism

FinanceCapitalism

Middle Class Rising in Power

Middle Class Rising in Power

Aristocracy Declining in Power

Aristocracy Declining in Power

Working Class Living in Poverty

Working Class Living in Poverty

Peasants Struggling to Survive

Peasants Struggling to Survive

Expansion of Gov't Services

Expansion of Gov't Services

City Services: Fire, Police, Water,

Sanitation

City Services: Fire, Police, Water,

Sanitation

Public Health Education

Public Health Education

RequirementsRequirements IncreasedCompetition

IncreasedCompetition

Raw MaterialsRaw Materials

New Markets

New Markets

InvestmentsInvestments

NationalismNationalism

ImperialismImperialism

MilitarismMilitarism

EntanglingAlliances

EntanglingAlliances

Underlying Causes of World War

8) Photos of 8) Photos of IndustrializationIndustrialization

Urban life in Great Britain.

A young woman weaver next to her loom at the Witney Mill in England during the early 1900s.

Young girl in the weaving shed at the Witney Mill rewinding unravelled power loom bobbins by hand.

This little girl is so small she has to stand on a box to reach her knitting machine. Loudon Hosiery Mills – Tennessee,

December 1910.

A boy sweeping at a cotton mill.

Young boys working with needles or pins of some sort. Young boys working with needles or pins of some sort. Danger of clothes or hands getting stuck in the machine.Danger of clothes or hands getting stuck in the machine.

Boys work in a textile factory.

A young Indian child's hand. This child is a carpet weaver.

Workers at the Herisem paper and cardboard mill in Belgium, 1902.

Adult coal mine workers.

Two boys and a horse in a coal mine – West Virginia, October, 1908

Children working in mines. Called “hurriers”.

Shorpy Higginbotham, “greaser” at the Bessie

Mine of the Sloss-Sheffield Steel and Iron Co. He said that he was

14 years old, but that was doubtful. The

greasers carried heavy pails of grease and were often in danger of being run over by the coal cars,

December,1910

Newsies out after midnight selling newspapers. Youngest boy in the group is 9 years old and the oldest is age 11 –

Washington, D.C.

Francis Lance, 5 years old, 41 inches high. He jumps on and off moving trolley cars to sell papers – St. Louis, Mo.

While working in Sanders Spinning Mill, Bessemer City,

N.C., Giles Edmund Newsom, a piece of the machine fell on to his foot mashing his toe. This

caused him to fall on to a spinning machine and his hand went into unprotected gearing, crushing and tearing out two

fingers. He told the attorney he was 11 years old when it

happened. His parents said he was 13 years old. The school census taken at the time of the

accident made him 12 years old. October 23rd, 1912.

Cartoon related to the

Charles Dickens novel Oliver Twist.

Early Automotive Assembly Line, 1920s.