Arabia Arabian peninsula is mostly a harsh desert, with little
water
Slide 3
Arabia (cont) Arabs were nomadic herders Leader of tribe was
the sheik Later became caravan traders
Slide 4
Origin of Islam Arabs were polytheistic Believed they descended
from Abraham His son, Ishmael, built a temple in Mecca The
cornerstone of the Kaaba is called the black stone
Slide 5
Origins (cont) Muhammad (570 A.D.-632 A.D.) Prophet, who
received visions from the angel Jibreel (Gabriel) Taught that there
was one God, Allah Destroyed the idols in the Kaaba and rededicated
to Allah
Slide 6
Islamic Faith There is one God, Allah Quran is the holy book of
Islam Muslims worship in Mosques
Slide 7
It says to accept them. as equal to the prophets a belief in
one God
Slide 8
Islamic Faith (cont)
Slide 9
Spread of Islam Easy to learn and practice No priesthood
Teaches equality Easily portable nomads & trade routes
Slide 10
Spread of Islam (cont) Jihad means to strive or struggle
Military extension of Islam Only warfare permitted Some Muslims
believe this is the sixth pillar
Slide 11
Spread of Islam (cont) Within 100 years of Muhammads death,
Islam spread throughout the Middle East and Africa The Moors
controlled Spain The Turks later controlled much of Asia Minor and
part of India
Slide 12
Slide 13
the Umayyad dynasty 500 years A.D. 680
Slide 14
The Divide When the third caliphs successor was murdered a
split occurred Sunnis believe agreement among Muslims should settle
religious matters Shiah believe that imams should decide religious
matters
Slide 15
Culture Marriage Women could refuse an arranged marriage Women
could keep property after a divorce Quran limits a man to four
wives
Slide 16
Culture (cont) Slavery Quran encourages Muslims to free their
slaves Slaves are to be treated humanely Free Muslims could not be
enslaved Children of a female slave and her master were free
Slide 17
Culture (cont) Medicine Studied anatomy Established first
pharmacy school and encyclopedia Spread knowledge to Europe
Avecinna, father of modern medicine Anatomy of the eye
Slide 18
Culture (cont) Geography Cartography Developed extremely
accurate maps Astronomy Used astrolabe to navigate the stars
Slide 19
Culture (cont) Architecture was designed to show the glory of
Islam Mosques have a minaret on top A crier calls the people to
worship five times a day
Slide 20
Culture (cont) The Arts (cont) Great patrons of poetry and
literature The Thousand and One Nights Ali Baba, Aladdin,
Sinbad
