PowerPoint Presentation
Chapter 3States of Matter
3-1 Matter & EnergyThe kinetic theory of matter can be
usedTo explain how molecules move.The kinetic theory has 3 main
partsAll matter is made up of atoms and Molecules that act like
tiny particlesThese tiny particles are always in motionAt the same
temperature, heavy particlesMove slower and lighter particles move
Faster. Solids have a definite shape and volume.Liquids change
shape but not volume.Gases are free to spread out in all
directions.Plasma is the 4th state of matter, Scientists estimate
that 99% of allMatter in the universe is plasma.Energy is the
ability to change orTo move matter. Because all particles are in
motionThey have kinetic energy. Thermal energy is the total kinetic
Energy of the particles that make upThan object. A change in state,
is a physical change.Changes in state will either take in Energy or
give off energy.Evaporation is the change in state From a liquid to
a gas.Sublimation is a change from a Solid to a gas. Condensation
is the change from A gas to a liquid.
THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASSMatter cannot be created or
destroyed.
THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGYenergy cannot be created or
destroyed.
3-2 FluidsLiquids and gases are states of matterThat do not have
a fixed shape.They both have the ability to flow, And are referred
to as fluids.
A force applied to a fluid creates pressure.Pressure acts in all
directions, not just the direction of the applied force.
The S.I. unit of force is the pascal.One pascal (unit of force)
is one newton of force per square meter of area (N/m2).
Pascals principle states that the Pressure of a fluid is the
same everywhere.Pressure =ForceAreaFAFA=ProblemsIn a hydraulic
lift, what force do you Need to lift a 19000N car? Area of piston#1
Is 10.5, and Piston #2 is 400. Answer = 499NPage 85
Viscosity is the property of fluids that causes
friction.Viscosity is determined in large part by the shape and
size of the particles in a liquid.
Buoyancy is a measure of the upward force a fluid exerts on an
object that is submerged.The water in the pool exerts an upward
force that acts in a direction opposite to the boys weight.
In the third century BC, a Greek mathematician named Archimedes
realized that buoyant force is equal to the weight of fluid
displaced by an object.
Apparent density determines whether an object sinks or
floats.
Bernoullis principle tells us that the energy of any sample of
fluid moving along a streamline is constant.One of the most
important applications of Bernoullis principle is the airfoil shape
of wings on a plane.When a plane is moving, the pressure on the top
surface of the wings is lower than the pressure beneath the
wings.The difference in pressure is what creates the lift force
that supports the plane in the air.
3-3 Behavior of GasesGases have no definite shape or
volume.Gases expand to fill their container.
Gas particles move rapidly in All directions.Gases are
fluids.Gas molecules are in constant motion.Gases have a very low
density becauseTheir particles are so far apart.Gases are
compressible. There are 3 laws to describe The behavior of gases.
When you squeeze a fixed quantity of gas into a smaller volume the
pressure goes up. This rule is known as Boyles law.
A hot-air balloon floats because the air inside is less dense
than the air outside.The balloon example illustrates an important
relationship, known as Charless law, discovered by Jacques Charles
in 1787.
According to Charles law, the volume of a gas increases with
increasing temperature. .
Gay-Lussacs Law states thatWhen the pressure of a gas
increases,So does the temperature.
THE END
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