The Language of Cause and Effect

Coordinating Conjunctions

Cause for

Effect so

Nouns

Cause cause, reason

Effect effect, consequence, result

Subjunctive adverbs and adverb clauses/phrases

Cause as a consequence of, due to the fact that, because, in view

of, since

Effect

Transitions

Analysis (concluding) sentence hence, in brief, in short

Cause

Effect as a result, consequently, hence, therefore

Conclusion paragraph (These are used at the beginning of the topic sentence.)

as can be seen, in conclusion, in summary, to

conclude, to summarize

Transitions indicating order of causes and effects

Adjectives for first cause/effect first, initial

Adjectives for subsequent cause/effect

additional, another, next, second, still another

Adjectives for third cause/effect final, last (These are used only with the last main point

or sub-point.)

Adverbs for subsequent argument/sub-point

additionally, furthermore, in addition, moreover

Adverbs for third cause/effect finally, lastly (These are used only with the last main

point or sub- point.)

Verbs

Cause brings about, causes, contributes to, gives rise to, is the

reason for, is responsible for, leads to, produces, results in

Effect is due to, is the effect of occurs as the result of, results

from