1. The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with a. light energy. b. CO2 and ATP. c. H2O and NADPH. d. ATP and NADPH. e. sugar and O2.

2. Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during

photosynthesis?

a. NADPH O2 CO2

b. H2O NADPH Calvin cycle

c. NADPH chlorophyll Calvin cycle

d. H2O photosystem I photosystem II

e. NADPH electron transport chain O2

3. Which of the following conclusions does not follow from studying the absorption

spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis? a. Not all wavelengths are equally effective for photosynthesis. b. There must be accessory pigments that broaden the spectrum of light that

contributes to photosynthesis. c. The red and blue areas of the spectrum are most effective in driving

photosynthesis. d. Chlorophyll owes its color to the absorption of green light. e. Chlorophyll a has two absorption peaks.

4. Cooperation of the two photosystems is required for

a. ATP synthesis. b. reduction of NADP+. c. cyclic photophosphorylation. d. oxidation of the reaction center of photosystem I. e. generation of a proton-motive force.

5. In mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar to

a. substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis. b. oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration. c. the Calvin cycle. d. carbon fixation. e. reduction of NADP+.

6. In what respect are the photosynthetic adaptations of C4 plants and CAM plants similar?

a. In both cases, only photosystem I is used. b. Both types of plants make sugar without the Calvin cycle.

c. In both cases, an enzyme other than rubisco carries out the first step in carbon fixation.

d. Both types of plants make most of their sugar in the dark. e. Neither C4 plants nor CAM plants have thylakoids.

7. Which of the following processes is most directly driven by light energy?

a. creation of a pH gradient by pumping protons across the thylakoid membrane b. carbon fixation in the stroma c. reduction of NADP+ molecules d. removal of electrons from chlorophyll molecules e. ATP synthesis

8. Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between cyclic and noncyclic

electron flow? a. Only noncyclic electron flow produces ATP. b. In addition to ATP, cyclic electron flow also produces O2 and NADPH. c. Only cyclic electron flow utilizes light at 700 nm. d. Chemiosmosis is unique to noncyclic electron flow. e. Only cyclic electron flow can operate in the absence of photosystem II.

9. Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and

heterotrophs? a. Only heterotrophs require chemical compounds from the environment. b. Cellular respiration is unique to heterotrophs. c. Only heterotrophs have mitochondria. d. Autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nourish themselves beginning with

CO2 and other nutrients that are inorganic. e. Only heterotrophs require oxygen.

10. Which of the following does not occur during the Calvin cycle?

a. carbon fixation b. oxidation of NADPH c. release of oxygen d. regeneration of the CO2 acceptor e. consumption of ATP

11. Organisms that can exist with light as an energy source and an inorganic form of carbon

and other raw materials a. are called photoautotrophs. b. do not exist in nature. c. are called heterotrophs. d. are best classified as decomposers. e. both C and D

12. Which type of organism obtains energy by metabolizing molecules produced by other

organisms? a. autotrophs b. heterotrophs c. decomposers d. B and C e. A, B, and C

13. If photosynthesizing green algae are provided with CO2 synthesized with heavy oxygen

(18O), later analysis will show that all but one of the following compounds produced by the algae contain the 18O label. That one exception is

a. PGA. b. PGAL. c. glucose.

d. RuBP. e. O2.

14. What is the primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis?

a. to produce energy-rich glucose from carbon dioxide and water b. to produce ATP and NADPH c. to produce NADPH used in respiration d. to convert light energy to the chemical energy of PGAL e. to use ATP to make glucose

15. What are the products of the light reactions that are subsequently used by the Calvin

cycle? a. a oxygen and carbon dioxide b. carbon dioxide and RuBP c. water and carbon

d. electrons and photons e. ATP and NADPH

16. Where does the Calvin cycle take place?

a. stroma of the chloroplast b. thylakoid membrane c. cytoplasm surrounding the

chloroplast

d. chlorophyll molecule e. outer membrane of the

chloroplast

17. A plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear to be

bluish violet. What wavelengths of visible light are not being absorbed by this pigment? a. red and yellow b. blue and violet

c. green and yellow

d. blue, green, and red e. green, blue, and violet

18. The energy in photosynthesis is required to create

A) ATP

B) NADPH

C) FADH2

D) All of the above

E) Two of the above

19. The formation of organic molecules from carbon dioxide occurs as a result of

A) Oxidation reactions

B) Reduction reactions

C) Hydrolysis

D) Condensation

E) Dehydration synthesis

20. What is the purpose of the C-H rich hydrocarbon tail of chlorophyll?

A) It is easily oxidized to provide energy to the cell

B) It acts as a conjugated ring system to stabilize the pigment through resonance

C) It supports magnesium in its centre as a site for electron withdrawal

D) The nonpolar covalent bonds in the tail provide easy access to electrons

E) It can help anchor the pigment to the thylakoid membrane

21. True or false: If the amount of light which is shone on a plant is doubled, the amount of oxygen that is produced will also double.

A) True

B) False

22. In the generalized schematic of the Calvin Cycle, what is the correct order of the events starting with CO2 and ending with the production of an organic molecule.

A) Regeneration, Fixation, Reduction

B) Reduction, Regeneration, Fixation

C) Fixation, Reduction, Regeneration

D) Reduction, Fixation, Regeneration

E) Regeneration, Reduction, Fixation

23. The apertures which control gas exchange in photosynthetic tissues are called (p. 160)

A) Aerophiles

B) Mesophyll

C) Epidermis

D) Stomata

E) Guard cells ase the following information to answer the questions below. Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light.

24. If you ran the same experiment without passing light through a prism, what would you predict?

a. There would be no difference in results. b. The bacteria would be relatively evenly distributed along the algal filaments. c. The number of bacteria present would decrease due to an increase in the carbon

dioxide concentration. d. The number of bacteria present would increase due to an increase in the carbon

dioxide concentration. e. The number of bacteria would decrease due to a decrease in the temperature of

the water.

25. What wavelength of light is most effective in driving photosynthesis? a. 420 mm b. 475 mm

c. 575 mm d. 625 mm

e. 730 mm

26. All of the events listed below occur in the light reactions of photosynthesis except

a. oxygen is produced. b. NADP+ is reduced to NADPH. c. carbon dioxide is incorporated into PGA. d. ADP is phosphorylated to yield ATP. e. light is absorbed and funneled to reaction-center chlorophyll a.

27. Which of the following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis are true?

a. The splitting of water molecules provides a source of electrons. b. Chlorophyll (and other pigments) absorb light energy, which excites electrons. c. ATP is generated by photophosphorylation.

d. Only A and C are true. e. A, B, and C are true.

28. All of the following are directly associated with photosystem II except

a. extraction of hydrogen electrons from the splitting of water. b. release of oxygen. c. harvesting of light energy by chlorophyll. d. NADP+ reductase. e. P680 reaction-center chlorophyll.

29. Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet are

able to survive. The best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms would be

a. to determine if they have thylakoids in the chloroplasts. b. to test for liberation of O2 in the light. c. to test for CO2 fixation in the dark. d. to do experiments to generate an action spectrum.

e. to test for production of either sucrose or starch.

30. Assume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer separated from the stroma. This damage will have the most direct effect on which of the following processes?

a. the splitting of water b. the absorption of light energy by chlorophyll c. the flow of electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I d. the synthesis of ATP e. the reduction of NADP+

31. What does the chemiosmotic process in chloroplasts involve?

a. establishment of a proton gradient b. diffusion of electrons through the thylakoid membrane c. reduction of water to produce ATP energy d. movement of water by osmosis into the thylakoid space from the stroma e. formation of glucose, using carbon dioxide, NADPH, and ATP

32. Suppose the interior of the thylakoids of isolated chloroplasts were made acidic and then

transferred in the dark to a pH-8 solution. What would be likely to happen? a. The isolated chloroplasts will make ATP. b. The Calvin cycle will be activated. c. Cyclic photophosphorylation will occur. d. Only A and B will occur. e. A, B, and C will occur.

33. In a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes located?

a. thylakoid membrane b. plasma membrane c. inner mitochondrial membrane

d. A and C e. A, B, and C

34. In mitochondria, chemiosmosis translocates protons from the matrix into the

intermembrane space, whereas in chloroplasts, chemiosmosis translocates protons from a. the stroma to the photosystem II. b. the matrix to the stroma. c. the stroma to the thylakoid space. d. the intermembrane space to the matrix.

e. ATP synthase to NADP+ reductase.

35. Where is the electron transport chain found in plant cells? a. thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts b. stroma of chloroplasts c. inner membrane of mitochondria

d. matrix of mitochondria e. cytoplasm

36. Of the following, what do both mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common? a. thylakoid membranes b. chemiosmosis c. ATP synthase

d. B and C only e. A, B, and C

Refer to the choices to answer the following questions. Each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Indicate whether the following events occur during

A. photosynthesis B. respiration C. both photosynthesis and respiration D. neither photosynthesis nor respiration

37. synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism a. A b. B c. C d. D

38. reduction of oxygen which forms water a. b. A c. B d. C e. D

39. the splitting of carbon dioxide to form oxygen gas and carbon compounds a. A b. B c. C d. D

40. generation of proton gradients across membranes a. b. A c. B d. C e. D

41. Which of the following statements best represents the relationships between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle?

a. The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle, and the cycle returns ADP, Pi, and NADP+ to the light reactions.

b. The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the carbon fixation step of the Calvin

cycle, and the cycle provides water and electrons to the light reactions. c. The light reactions supply the Calvin cycle with CO2 to produce sugars, and the Calvin

cycle supplies the light reactions with sugars to produce ATP. d. The light reactions provide the Calvin cycle with oxygen for electron flow, and the Calvin

cycle provides the light reactions with water to split. e. There is no relationship between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle.

42. What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle? a. use ATP to release carbon dioxide b. use NADPH to release carbon dioxide c. split water and release oxygen d. transport RuBP out of the chloroplast e. synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide

43. Which statement is false? a. Thylakoid membranes contain the photosynthetic pigments. b. The O2 released during photosynthesis comes from water. c. RuBP is produced during cyclic electron flow in the light reactions of photosynthesis. d. The light reactions of photosynthesis provide the energy for the Calvin cycle. e. When chlorophyll is reduced, it gains electrons.

44. One carbon dioxide molecule reacts in each "turn" of the Calvin cycle. How many turns of the cycle are required for the synthesis of one glucose molecule?

a. 1 b. 2

c. 3 d. 6

e. 12

45. All of the following statements are correct regarding the Calvin cycle except:

a. The energy source utilized is the ATP and NADPH obtained through the light reaction. b. These reactions begin soon after sundown and end before sunrise. c. The 5-carbon sugar RuBP is constantly being regenerated. d. One of the end products is glyceraldehyde phosphate. e. Rubisco attaches carbon dioxide to ribulose bisphosphate.

For the following questions, compare the light reactions with the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis in plants. Use the following key:

A. light reactions alone B. the Calvin cycle alone C. both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle D. neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle E. occurs in the chloroplast but is not part of photosynthesis

46. requires ATP a. A b. B

c. C d. D

e. E

47. produces three-carbon sugars

a. A b. B

c. C d. D

e. E

48. requires glucose

a. A b. B

c. C d. D

e. E

49. What are the substrates (normal reactants) for the enzyme RuBP carboxylase?

a. CO2 and O2 b. CO2 and glucose

c. ATP and NADPH d. triose-P, glucose, and CO2 e. CO2 and ATP

50. Why are C4 plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration? a. They do not participate in the Calvin cycle. b. They use PEP carboxylase to initially fix CO2. c. They are adapted to cold, wet climates. d. They conserve water more efficiently. e. They exclude oxygen from their tissues.

51. CAM plants keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because they

a. fix CO2 into organic acids during the night. b. fix CO2 into sugars in the bundle-sheath cells. c. fix CO2 into pyruvate in the mesophyll cells. d. use the enzyme phosphofructokinase, which outcompetes rubisco for CO2.

e. use photosystems I and II at night.

52. Photorespiration lowers the efficiency of photosynthesis by preventing the formation of a. carbon dioxide molecules. b. 3-phosphoglycerate molecules c. ATP molecules. d. ribulose bisphosphate molecules. e. RuBP carboxylase molecules.

53. Plants that fix CO2 into organic acids at night when the stomata are open and carry out the Calvin cycle during the day when the stomata are closed are called

a. C3 plants. b. C4 plants.

c. CAM plants. d. B and C only.

e. A, B, and C

1. d 2. b 3. b 4. b 5. b 6. c 7. d 8. e 9. d

10. c 11. a 12. d 13. e 14. b 15. e 16. a 17. b 18. e

19. b 20. e 21. hmm 22. c 23. d 24. b 25. d 26. c 27. e

28. d 29. b 30. d 31. a 32. a 33. c 34. c 35. a 36. d

37. c 38. b 39. d 40. c 41. a 42. e 43. c 44. d 45. b

46. b 47. b 48. d 49. e 50. b 51. a 52. b 53. c 54.