e212 Abstracts / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 146 (2015) e202–e284

The DDQ provides a more comprehensive measurement of cravingrelative to single-item rating scales.

Financial support: This study was supported by funds fromthe APF COGDOP Graduate Student Research Scholarship, APADissertation Award, and Katzner Graduate Student Research andProfessional Development award.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.043

Initial validation of a marijuana purchase task

Elizabeth Aston 1, James MacKillop 3,1, RachelCassidy 1, Jane Metrik 2,1

1 Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, BrownUniversity, Providence, RI, United States2 Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI,United States3 Department of Psychology, University of Georgia,Athens, GA, United States

Aims: A reliable measure of the relative economic value of mar-ijuana is needed to inform and impact the evolving national drugpolicy on marijuana. Relative value, or demand, for a drug can bemeasured via a purchase task (PT). Indices of demand from alcoholand cigarette PTs have been significantly associated with craving,dependence, and treatment response (MacKillop & Murphy, 2007;MacKillop et al., 2008; Murphy & MacKillop, 2006). This studyexamined the demand for marijuana with a marijuana purchasetask (MPT).

Methods: The 22-item self-report measure was administered to104 marijuana users (mean age = 21.3, SD = 4.3; 36.5% female; 14.4%cannabis dependent; mean possible marijuana use days = 71.86%,SD = 21.50%).

Results: Pearson correlation analyses indicated a significantnegative relationship between Intensity (consumption at zero cost)and age of regular use (r = −0.32, p < 0.01), and significant posi-tive associations with marijuana use days (r = 0.24, p < 0.05) andcraving (r = 0.43, p < 0.01). Omax (maximum expenditure) was pos-itively associated with marijuana use days (r = 0.30, p < 0.01) andcraving (r = 0.24, p < 0.05). Income was not associated with demandindices. An exponential model of demand provided an excellentfit to the data (R2 = 0.98). Users with cannabis dependence symp-toms showed significantly more inelastic demand (insensitivity toprice increase) than users without current dependence symptoms(F = 181.9 [df = 1, 39], p < 0.001).

Conclusions: These results provide initial support for constructvalidity of the MPT, indicating its sensitivity to the relative value ofmarijuana as a function of increasing cost, and its ability to differ-entiate between non-dependent users vs. those at greater risk forcannabis dependence. The MPT may help determine price sensi-tivity and abuse liability across disparate regulatory environments,subjective drug states, and within user subgroups.

Financial support: 2T32AA007459 (Aston), R03DA27484(Metrik, Knopik), and K23AA016936 (MacKillop).

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.044

The meaning of work: Perceptions amongpersons with maintenance treatment for opioidaddiction who are employed

Marika Augutis 1, David Rosenberg 2, HeleneHillborg 1

1 Research and Development, Sundsvall Hospital,Sundsvall, Sweden2 Department of Social Work, Umeå University,Umeå, Sweden

Aims: The aim is to explore the experiences of individuals whowere employed while undergoing maintenance treatment for opi-oid addiction with regard to the perceived meaning of work.

Methods: Semi-structured telephone interviews with 32 per-sons who were employed during maintenance treatment for opiodaddiction. Transcripts were analyzed using content analysis.

Results: Apart from the chance to receive maintenance treat-ment, all informants regarded work as an indispensable tool forstaying drug-free and for personal development. Work gave struc-ture to their days, was utilized as a coping strategy and promoted ahealthy lifestyle. Social contacts at work were viewed as role mod-els who could support the transition from an identity as a “junkie”into the role of the average “Swede”. Work provided an opportu-nity to develop self-confidence and self-esteem and contributed toan improved social and economic stability. Many obstacles to per-sonal development were reported and described in the interviewsas well. Obstacles to personal development were the need to avoidold networks, the continuing stigma of being seen as a “junkie” andthe demands of the treatment program itself.

Conclusions: This study provides evidence of the importancepeople receiving maintenance treatment for opioid addiction placeon their employment situation. All of the informants consideredwork to be an indispensable tool for maintaining their sobriety, aswell as a resource for building a new drug-free identity. There isa need for further study of the potential for individual vocationalsupport models to be integrated into maintenance treatment pro-grams.

Financial support: None.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.045

Quinine: A potential tracer for monitoringmedication adherence

Shanna Babalonis 1,2, Aidan Hampson 4, MichelleR. Lofwall 1,2,3, Paul A. Nuzzo 2, Sharon L.Walsh 1,2,3

1 Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky (UK),Lexington, KY, United States2 Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, UK,Lexington, KY, United States3 Psychiatry, UK, Lexington, KY, United States4 National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockvillle, MD,United States

Aims: Clinical trials evaluating pharmacotherapies for sub-stance use disorders can be undermined by medication non-adherence, and sensitive biological adherence markers are lacking.Quinine, marketed as an anti-malarial, was explored here as apotential adherence tracer. The primary aim was to characterizethe quinine pharmacokinetic profile in plasma and urine with oncedaily dosing. A secondary aim was to examine and exclude potentialpharmacokinetic interactions with a model hepatically metabo-lized medication (and common drug of abuse) oxycodone.