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The Microscopic World of Cells Cell membranes and transport Cell Organell es Plant vs. anima cell

The Microscopic World of Cells Cell membranes and transport Cell Organelles Plant vs. animal cell

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Page 1: The Microscopic World of Cells  Cell membranes and transport  Cell Organelles  Plant vs. animal cell

The Microscopic World of Cells

Cell membranes and transport

Cell Organelles

Plant vs. animal cell

Page 2: The Microscopic World of Cells  Cell membranes and transport  Cell Organelles  Plant vs. animal cell

TYPES of CELLS

• Prokaryotic Cells• Prokaryotes are very simple cells, probably first to

inhabit the earth. Prokaryotic cells do not contain a membrane bound nucleus. Bacteria are prokaryotes. DNA of bacteria is circular.

• The word "prokaryote" means "before the nucleus"• Other features found in some bacteria:• Flagella - used for movement

Pilus - small hairlike structures used for attaching to other cellsCapsule - tough outer layer that protects bacteria, often associated with harmful bacteria

Page 3: The Microscopic World of Cells  Cell membranes and transport  Cell Organelles  Plant vs. animal cell

• Eukaryotic Cells• Eukaryotic cells are more advanced cells. These

cells are found in plants, animals, and protists (small unicellular "animalcules").

• The eukaryotic cell is composed of 4 main parts: • cell membrane - outer boundary of the cell• cytoplasm - jelly-like fluid interior of the cell• nucleus - the "control center" of the cell,

contains the cell's DNA (chromosomes) • organelles - "little organs" that carry out cell

functions

Page 4: The Microscopic World of Cells  Cell membranes and transport  Cell Organelles  Plant vs. animal cell

Animal Cell Overview

Page 5: The Microscopic World of Cells  Cell membranes and transport  Cell Organelles  Plant vs. animal cell

Cell Membrane and Transport

Composed of phospholipidsArranged in a bilayer

Active transportPassive transport

•osmosis

•diffusion

•marker proteins•receptor proteins

Page 6: The Microscopic World of Cells  Cell membranes and transport  Cell Organelles  Plant vs. animal cell

Animal Cell Overview(Animal Cell Organelles)

Page 7: The Microscopic World of Cells  Cell membranes and transport  Cell Organelles  Plant vs. animal cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus-site of ribosomal RNA

Chromatin- made of DNA

Nucleus-brain of the cell

Directs all cell activity

Contains genetic material

Page 8: The Microscopic World of Cells  Cell membranes and transport  Cell Organelles  Plant vs. animal cell

Mitochondria

Supplies the cells energy- power plant of the cell

I need more power!!

Page 9: The Microscopic World of Cells  Cell membranes and transport  Cell Organelles  Plant vs. animal cell

Endoplasmic Recticulum

Series of flattened membranous sacs.

Acts like the cells freeway, transportation system.

Page 10: The Microscopic World of Cells  Cell membranes and transport  Cell Organelles  Plant vs. animal cell

Ribosomes

Site of protein synthesis. Often found lining the E.R.

May be found floating free in cytoplasm.

Page 11: The Microscopic World of Cells  Cell membranes and transport  Cell Organelles  Plant vs. animal cell

Golgi Complex

Acts like a mailman, packages and sorts proteins for delivery throughout the cell

A series of flattened sacs

Page 12: The Microscopic World of Cells  Cell membranes and transport  Cell Organelles  Plant vs. animal cell

Centrioles

A group of microtubules that aid in cell division.

Page 13: The Microscopic World of Cells  Cell membranes and transport  Cell Organelles  Plant vs. animal cell

Lysosome

Page 14: The Microscopic World of Cells  Cell membranes and transport  Cell Organelles  Plant vs. animal cell

Plant vs. Animal Cell

Three differences:

Chloroplasts

Vacuoles

Cell wall

Page 15: The Microscopic World of Cells  Cell membranes and transport  Cell Organelles  Plant vs. animal cell

Chloroplast

Site of

6CO2+6H20 C6H12O6+6O2

Page 16: The Microscopic World of Cells  Cell membranes and transport  Cell Organelles  Plant vs. animal cell

Do not exist in animal cells, give plant cells their rigidity.

Page 17: The Microscopic World of Cells  Cell membranes and transport  Cell Organelles  Plant vs. animal cell

Exists in animals but is much larger in plants.

Used to store food, waste, gases, pigments, water.

Page 18: The Microscopic World of Cells  Cell membranes and transport  Cell Organelles  Plant vs. animal cell

Cell Quiz1. Name 3 differences between plant and

animal cells.

2. What organelle is the site of protein synthesis?

3. What organelle acts like the post office?

4. What organelle aids in cell division?

5. How does water enter the cell?

Page 19: The Microscopic World of Cells  Cell membranes and transport  Cell Organelles  Plant vs. animal cell

BibliographyIntegrated Biology/Chemistry A, Continuity of Life Notebook, CORD,Waco, Texas, 1994.

www.dcn.davis.ca.us/~carl/cellhome.htm

Microsoft Encarta Reference Suite 99, 1993-1998.

http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/Thumbnails/searchresults.htm

The End!