The Middle AgesThe Middle Ages

By: Jennifer Bruton SimsBy: Jennifer Bruton Sims

Spring 2010Spring 2010

Middle AgesMiddle Ages

475 A.D. to 1500475 A.D. to 1500 Divided into three Divided into three

periodsperiods

- Dark Ages- Dark Ages

475-1000475-1000

- Romanesque- Romanesque

1050-11501050-1150

- Gothic- Gothic

1150-15001150-1500

Facts of the Middle AgesFacts of the Middle Ages

Land was the source of power and Land was the source of power and wealth.wealth.

Land was constantly fought over by Land was constantly fought over by kings, nobles, and lords.kings, nobles, and lords.

Even though this time period appears Even though this time period appears to have been a troubled time, art still to have been a troubled time, art still flourished.flourished.

Religion was the driving force of the art Religion was the driving force of the art that was created during this period.that was created during this period.

Art from the Middle AgesArt from the Middle Ages

SculptureSculpture Illuminated Illuminated

ManuscriptsManuscripts Stained GlassStained Glass TapestriesTapestries Altar PiecesAltar Pieces MuralsMurals

Coat of ArmsCoat of Arms

Used to identify a Used to identify a family or clan during family or clan during a time when people a time when people couldn’t read.couldn’t read.

Symbols and colors Symbols and colors helped to designate helped to designate an individuals an individuals allegiance and allegiance and social status.social status.

Coat of ArmsCoat of Arms

Coat of ArmsCoat of Arms

http://www.fleurdelis.com/meanings.htm

SculptureSculpture Sculpture in the Sculpture in the

round and relief round and relief sculptures were sculptures were found in cathedrals.found in cathedrals.

GargoylesGargoyles – down – down spouts for water spouts for water running off of the running off of the roofs of the roofs of the cathedrals were a cathedrals were a unique unique architectural architectural feature.feature.

Illuminated ManuscriptsIlluminated Manuscripts IlluminationsIlluminations – richly – richly

painted book painted book illustrations.illustrations.

Animal InterlaceAnimal Interlace – used – used in illuminated in illuminated manuscripts were manuscripts were letters were letters were transformed into transformed into animals. Also, animals. Also, intertwining lines.intertwining lines.

Manuscripts were hand Manuscripts were hand written and illustrated written and illustrated by monks.by monks.

Stained GlassStained Glass Stained Glass Stained Glass – an – an

artist arrangement artist arrangement of colored glass of colored glass pieces held in place pieces held in place with lead strips.with lead strips.

Tracery Tracery – the – the framework that framework that held the stain glass held the stain glass together.together.

The stained glass The stained glass would assist in would assist in telling stories from telling stories from the Bible.the Bible.

TapestriesTapestries

Tapestries were Tapestries were richly colored cloth richly colored cloth that had been that had been sown to show an sown to show an image. image.

The tapestries The tapestries were very heavy were very heavy and had intricate and had intricate stitching.stitching.

Altar PiecesAltar Pieces

Altar Pieces were Altar Pieces were elaborate pieces elaborate pieces used for worship.used for worship.

They had images on They had images on them and often had them and often had thin layers of gold thin layers of gold painted on them in painted on them in the backgrounds to the backgrounds to symbolize heavens symbolize heavens riches. riches.

Murals/FrescoesMurals/Frescoes MuralMural – image painted – image painted

on a wall.on a wall. Fresco Fresco – painting – painting

created when pigment created when pigment is applied to wet is applied to wet plaster.plaster.

Giotto di Bondone – Giotto di Bondone – Italian painter known for Italian painter known for creating paintings that creating paintings that were more realistic. He were more realistic. He inspired future artist of inspired future artist of the Renaissance.the Renaissance.

ArchitectureArchitecture

CastlesCastles Walled citiesWalled cities Romanesque Romanesque

ChurchChurch Gothic Gothic

CathedralsCathedrals MonasteriesMonasteries

CastlesCastles CastlesCastles – large – large

dwellings with high, dwellings with high, thick walls and thick walls and towers.towers.

Some castles had Some castles had extra protection by extra protection by using moats with a using moats with a drawbridge.drawbridge.

Spaces lacked Spaces lacked windows, so windows, so interiors were cold interiors were cold and dark.and dark.

Walled CitiesWalled Cities Citizens during Citizens during

the Middle Ages the Middle Ages wanted security.wanted security.

Cities were Cities were fortified or fortified or surrounded by surrounded by walls to protect walls to protect from outside from outside attacks.attacks.

Walls were made Walls were made from stone.from stone.

Romanesque ChurchRomanesque Church

Romanesque Romanesque churches were made churches were made of thick walls and of thick walls and lacked windows.lacked windows.

Space inside church Space inside church was dark and was dark and somber.somber.

First churches were First churches were built as early as 400 built as early as 400 A.D. in Europe.A.D. in Europe.

MonasteryMonastery Monasteries were religious structures that Monasteries were religious structures that

served as a religious community for monks.served as a religious community for monks. Monks were men who devoted their lives to Monks were men who devoted their lives to

prayer and self-denial.prayer and self-denial. CloisterCloister – is a covered walkway around an – is a covered walkway around an

open court.open court.

Gothic CathedralsGothic Cathedrals

Cathedral – the Cathedral – the principle church with a principle church with a bishopbishop

Difference between Difference between Romanesque and Romanesque and Gothic is:Gothic is:

-that Romanesque -that Romanesque was was short and darkshort and dark..

- that Gothic had - that Gothic had height and lightheight and light..

Features of Gothic Features of Gothic CathedralCathedral

Flying ButtressFlying Buttress – is a – is a brace or support brace or support placed on the placed on the outside of a building.outside of a building.

Allowed for Allowed for cathedral walls to cathedral walls to have large areas of have large areas of stained glass and stained glass and height.height.

Continued features of Gothic Continued features of Gothic CathedralCathedral

Pointed ArchPointed Arch – a – a curved curved arrangement of arrangement of stones that meets stones that meets at a central point at a central point on top.on top.

Used above doors Used above doors and windows.and windows.

Continued features of Gothic Continued features of Gothic CathedralCathedral

Rose WindowsRose Windows - a - a circular stained circular stained glass window glass window usually constructed usually constructed above the entry to above the entry to a church.a church.

Continued features of Gothic Continued features of Gothic CathedralCathedral

Vaults Vaults – used to – used to support weight of support weight of ceilings.ceilings.

Gothic Cathedral

Naïve

Transept

Apse

Flying Buttress

Rose Window

Clerestory

Gothic Floor PlanGothic Floor Plan

Naïve – Vertical Naïve – Vertical Aisle Aisle

Transept – Transept – Horizontal AisleHorizontal Aisle

Apse – Head of Apse – Head of floor plan towards floor plan towards altar.altar.

The typical gothic church floor plan was in the form of a cross.  The arm of the cross is called the transept.   The center aisle of the church is called the nave. Cutaway view of Notre Dame, Chartres 

Gothic CathedralsGothic Cathedrals

The abbey was began The abbey was began in 960 CEin 960 CE

Westminster Abbey Westminster Abbey was partially torn was partially torn down and rebuilt in down and rebuilt in 1245 CE by King 1245 CE by King Henry III.Henry III.

Most important Gothic Most important Gothic structure in England.structure in England.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12819684

Westminster AbbeyWestminster Abbeyand the Royal Weddingand the Royal Wedding

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5u6-CpU-1EY&feature=related