21
The Middle Ages The Middle Ages 1066-1485 1066-1485

The Middle Ages powerpoint

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

powerpoint intro to the Middle Ages

Citation preview

Page 1: The Middle Ages powerpoint

The Middle AgesThe Middle Ages

1066-14851066-1485

Page 2: The Middle Ages powerpoint

ObjectivesObjectives

Understand the historical and social Understand the historical and social forces that shaped the Middle Agesforces that shaped the Middle Ages

Identify the influence of history on Identify the influence of history on the literary works of the Middle Agesthe literary works of the Middle Ages

Take notes and discuss the concept Take notes and discuss the concept of loyalty in the world then and nowof loyalty in the world then and now

Page 3: The Middle Ages powerpoint
Page 4: The Middle Ages powerpoint

KWLKWL

What do you know about the Middle What do you know about the Middle Ages?Ages?

What would you like to know about What would you like to know about the Middle Ages?the Middle Ages?

Page 5: The Middle Ages powerpoint
Page 6: The Middle Ages powerpoint
Page 7: The Middle Ages powerpoint

The Middle AgesThe Middle AgesFour Centuries of ChangeFour Centuries of Change

The Norman Conquest of England The Norman Conquest of England created a powerful Anglo- Norman created a powerful Anglo- Norman entity and brought England into the entity and brought England into the mainstream of European civilizationmainstream of European civilization

The Feudal system centralized The Feudal system centralized military, political, and economic military, political, and economic power in the Crownpower in the Crown

Page 8: The Middle Ages powerpoint

The Roman Church transcended The Roman Church transcended national boundaries and fostered national boundaries and fostered cultural unity among Europeanscultural unity among Europeans

The rise of towns and cities freed The rise of towns and cities freed people to pursue their own people to pursue their own commercial and artistic interestscommercial and artistic interests

The Magna Carta weakened the The Magna Carta weakened the political power of the Church and laid political power of the Church and laid the groundwork for later the groundwork for later constitutional lawconstitutional law

Exposure to Eastern civilization as a Exposure to Eastern civilization as a result of the Crusades broadened result of the Crusades broadened Europeans’ intellectual horizonsEuropeans’ intellectual horizons

Page 9: The Middle Ages powerpoint

ChangeChange

The ideals of Chivalry improved The ideals of Chivalry improved attitudes toward, but not the rights attitudes toward, but not the rights of womenof women

The rise of the yeoman class paved The rise of the yeoman class paved the way for democracy in Englandthe way for democracy in England

The bubonic plague created a labor The bubonic plague created a labor shortage that contributed to the end shortage that contributed to the end of feudalism and to the passing of of feudalism and to the passing of the Middle Agesthe Middle Ages

Page 10: The Middle Ages powerpoint

Some key words/ideasSome key words/ideasdates and peopledates and people

October 1066October 1066 Duke William of NormandyDuke William of Normandy King Harold of EnglandKing Harold of England Norman Conquest-----responsible for Norman Conquest-----responsible for

changes to English history, character changes to English history, character and languageand language

William the Conqueror--- illegitimate William the Conqueror--- illegitimate son son

Page 11: The Middle Ages powerpoint

Key ideasKey ideas

Cousin of Edward the ConfessorCousin of Edward the Confessor Was promised the crown when he died but it Was promised the crown when he died but it

was given to Harold insteadwas given to Harold instead Bad move------William sailed the English Bad move------William sailed the English

Channel with a large army in the winter---no Channel with a large army in the winter---no one had ever done that before---too one had ever done that before---too dangerous---Harold had to run from the other dangerous---Harold had to run from the other end of England with his tired army. They met end of England with his tired army. They met and Harold lost---arrow through the eye—no and Harold lost---arrow through the eye—no one knows where he was buried.one knows where he was buried.

Page 12: The Middle Ages powerpoint

William the ConquerorWilliam the Conqueror

Efficient and ruthless Efficient and ruthless Wanted to rule the Anglo-Saxons not Wanted to rule the Anglo-Saxons not

eliminate themeliminate them Great administrative feat was an Great administrative feat was an

inventory of nearly every piece of inventory of nearly every piece of property in England---land, cattle, property in England---land, cattle, buildings—The Doomsday Bookbuildings—The Doomsday Book

First time people could be taxed based on First time people could be taxed based on what they ownwhat they own

Page 13: The Middle Ages powerpoint

•Doomsday Book title suggests a comparison between William’s judgment of his subjects’ financial worth and God’s final judgment of their moral worth.

•William brought a new language to England---Norman French

The Anglo-Norman entity that resulted from the Norman Conquest brought England into mainstream European civilization, which included feudalism.

Page 14: The Middle Ages powerpoint
Page 15: The Middle Ages powerpoint

•Chivalry and Courtly Love: Ideal but Unreal

•Chivalry was a systemof Ideals and social codes governing the behavior of knights and gentlewomen.

•Among it rules was the adherance to one’s oath of loyalty to the overlord and observing certain rules of warfare, such as never attacking an unarmed opponent.

•Also, adoring a particular lady (not necessarily one’s wife) was seen as a means of achieving self-improvement

•Courtly love was nonsexual---a knight might wear his lady’s colors into battle, glorify her in words, and be inspired by her, but the lady always remained pure and out of reach.

Page 16: The Middle Ages powerpoint

•Chivalry led to an idealized attitude toward women and gave rise to a new form of literature, the romance.

•Medieval society• centered around the feudal castle.

•As the population grew, an increasing number of people lived in towns and cities thereby eventually rendering the feudal system obsolete.

•The development of the city classes---lower, middle, and upper- middle is evident in Canterbury Tales

•The people in the cities were free---tied neither to the land, knighthood or chivalry.

Page 17: The Middle Ages powerpoint

The Great Happenings

•The Crusades --- Chaucer’s knight---a series of wars waged by European Christians against the Muslims with Jerusalem and the Holy Land as the prize.

•The Europeans ultimately the Crusades, Christian Europe was exposed to the Middle East’s sophisticated civilization.to hold Jerusalem but this contact with Eastern mathematics , astronomy, architecture, and crafts made possible the rich varied life we find in Chaucer.

•As a result of the Crusades, Christian Europe was exposed to the Middle East’s sophisticated civilization.

Page 18: The Middle Ages powerpoint

Thomas A Becket martyred

Friend to Henry II---was his chancellor (prime minister)

Henry appointed him as Pope expecting him to agree with his policies---he didn’t

Four of Henry’s knights murdered Becket in his Church on his altar because they thought Henry wanted this and they would be rewarded---they weren’t

This incident created a backlash against Henry and was a significant setback for the monarchy in its power struggles with Rome.

Examples of this are shown in Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales---The Monk---lives a life of luxury without regard to the poor; Friar chases women and money; Summoner and Pardoner blackmail people with threats of eternal damnation.The Medieval Church fostered cultural unity; it was the center of learning---Latin was the international language of educated Europeans

Page 19: The Middle Ages powerpoint

THE MAGNA CARTAIn 1215 at Runnymede, king John signed the MAGNA CARTA (the Great Charter)---it hearlded a return to older, democratic tendencies in England

The signing was a defeat for central papal power. It became the basis for English Constitutional law in which such rights as trial by jury and legislative taxation were established

Page 20: The Middle Ages powerpoint

THE HUNDRED YEARS WAR

The first national war England vs France based on the dubious claims to the throne of France by two English kings--- Edward III and HenryVMilitarily unsuccessful for the English but an important factor in the gradual development of British national consciousness.After the war the English were no longer represented by the knight in shining armor but by the yeoman (small landowners) with his long bow---they could fly over castle walls and pierce the armor became a dominant force in the new society that grew out of feudalismBecause of the yeoman, modern, democratic England was born.

Page 21: The Middle Ages powerpoint

The Black Death

Bubonic Plague 1348-1349

Reduced the nations population by a third causing a labor shortage and giving the lower classes more leverage than ever before against their overlords.

One long term result was the freedom of the serfs which knocked out feudalism ‘s last support.