The Nation Grows The Nation Grows and Prospersand Prospers

U.S. HistoryU.S. History

Chapter 11Chapter 11

Industrial Revolution BeginsIndustrial Revolution Begins► Industrial Industrial

Revolution was a Revolution was a long, slow long, slow process that process that completely completely changed the waychanged the way in which goods in which goods were produced.were produced.

►Began in Britain Began in Britain in mid-1700sin mid-1700s

Industrial Revolution BeginsIndustrial Revolution Begins

►This This industrialism industrialism depended on depended on the the development of development of the factory the factory systemsystem

Factory SystemFactory System►System System brought brought

workers and workers and machinery togethermachinery together to produce goodsto produce goods

►Lowell, Mass.: Lowell, Mass.: model factory model factory town, town, workers lived workers lived in clean, decent in clean, decent housinghousing

Factory SystemFactory System►““Lowell girl”: Lowell girl”:

worked in factory worked in factory but returned but returned home to marryhome to marry

►Workers, Workers, primarily primarily women women andand childrenchildren, worked , worked long hours: 12 long hours: 12 hours/day, 6 hours/day, 6 days/weekdays/week

American IndustryAmerican Industry►Congress helped Congress helped

industry after the industry after the War of 1812 War of 1812 by by establishing the establishing the second Bank of the second Bank of the United StatesUnited States

►Congress also Congress also protected protected manufacturers manufacturers by by raising tariffs on raising tariffs on imported goodsimported goods

UrbanizationUrbanization►Industrial Industrial

Revolution led to Revolution led to increased U.S. increased U.S. urbanization urbanization

►Population moved Population moved from the rural from the rural farming areas to farming areas to the citiesthe cities

UrbanizationUrbanization

►New York City New York City became the city became the city

with the largest with the largest

population in population in 18401840

Industrial Revolution Cause-Industrial Revolution Cause-EffectEffect

►Led to Led to greater greater U.S. economic U.S. economic developmentdevelopment

►UrbanizationUrbanization of of the U.S.the U.S.

Traveling WestTraveling West►Private companies Private companies

built turnpikes built turnpikes to to improve America’s improve America’s roads in early roads in early 1800s1800s

►Tolls collected Tolls collected from travelers on from travelers on the turnpikes the turnpikes

► Improved roads Improved roads were were set on a bed set on a bed of gravelof gravel

Traveling WestTraveling West►Mohawk RoadMohawk Road

followed Erie Canalfollowed Erie Canal►National RoadNational Road

extended from extended from Maryland into IllinoisMaryland into Illinois

►Wilderness RoadWilderness Road, , established by established by Daniel Boone, Daniel Boone, reached the Ohio reached the Ohio RiverRiver

Traveling WestTraveling West

►Development Development of canals of canals allowed allowed western western farmers to ship farmers to ship goods directly goods directly to eastern to eastern cities.cities.

Era of Good FeelingsEra of Good Feelings►President James President James

Monroe helped Monroe helped create a create a new sense new sense of national unityof national unity..

►Federalist Party Federalist Party disappeared by disappeared by 1820. Monroe ran 1820. Monroe ran for a 2nd term for a 2nd term unopposed.unopposed.

SectionalismSectionalism►Loyalty to one’s Loyalty to one’s

state or section state or section rather than to rather than to the nation as a the nation as a whole.whole.

►Made national Made national unity more unity more difficultdifficult

Henry ClayHenry Clay►Spoke for the Spoke for the

WestWest

►Wanted to Wanted to promote promote economic growth economic growth for all sections: for all sections: American SystemAmerican System

Henry ClayHenry Clay►American System American System

failed: failed: Congress Congress refused to fund refused to fund new roads, new roads, bridges, and bridges, and canals.canals.

►Unintentionally Unintentionally furthered growth furthered growth of sectionalismof sectionalism

John C. CalhounJohn C. Calhoun

►Spoke for the Spoke for the SouthSouth

►As a As a southerner, southerner, he he supported supported slaveryslavery

Industrial Revolution Cause-Industrial Revolution Cause-EffectEffect

►Improved Improved roads roads leading to leading to western growthwestern growth of the nationof the nation

►Sectionalism Sectionalism beginning to beginning to threaten threaten national unitynational unity

Supreme Court ExpandsSupreme Court Expands►McCulloch v. McCulloch v.

MarylandMaryland (1819) (1819) ►Court ruled that Court ruled that

states had no power states had no power to control federal to control federal institutions institutions within within their borders.their borders.

►Strengthened Strengthened federal powerfederal power

Supreme Court ExpandsSupreme Court Expands

►Gibbons v. OgdenGibbons v. Ogden (1824)(1824)

►OnlyOnly federal federal government government has has the power to the power to regulate interstate regulate interstate commercecommerce, or , or trade between trade between statesstates

Supreme Court ExpandsSupreme Court Expands

►Gibbons v. OgdenGibbons v. Ogden (1824)(1824)

►Court ruled that Court ruled that that a that a statestate could could regulate trade regulate trade only within its only within its own bordersown borders..

New Nations in the AmericasNew Nations in the Americas

►Creole: People Creole: People born to Spanish born to Spanish parents in Latin parents in Latin AmericaAmerica

►Creoles demanded Creoles demanded a role in a role in governmentgovernment

►Opposition to Opposition to Spain was growingSpain was growing

Revolution in Latin AmericaRevolution in Latin America

►Spanish colonies Spanish colonies had to win had to win independence independence through through revolutionrevolution

►Led to rise of Led to rise of Latin American Latin American nationsnations

Revolution in Latin AmericaRevolution in Latin America►Simon Bolivar: Simon Bolivar:

best known best known revolutionary revolutionary leader, leader, The The LiberatorLiberator

►Led successful Led successful independence independence movements in movements in South AmericaSouth America

Spain Gives Up FloridaSpain Gives Up Florida►Spain agreed to Spain agreed to

sell Florida to sell Florida to the U.S. for $5 the U.S. for $5 millionmillion

►Spain busy Spain busy fighting rebels in fighting rebels in South AmericaSouth America

►Adams-Onis Adams-Onis Treaty: 1821Treaty: 1821

Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine►Americans Americans

feared that feared that Spain would try Spain would try to regain its to regain its colonies in Latin colonies in Latin AmericaAmerica

Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine►President President

Monroe’s foreign Monroe’s foreign policy statement policy statement to protect Latin to protect Latin American American republics from republics from European attackEuropean attack

Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine►Declared that the Declared that the

U.S. would not U.S. would not interfere in the interfere in the affairs of affairs of European nations European nations or existing or existing colonies of colonies of European nationsEuropean nations

Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine►Warned European Warned European

nations not to nations not to attempt to regain attempt to regain control of the control of the newly newly independent independent nations of Latin nations of Latin AmericaAmerica

Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine

►United States United States was was determined to determined to keep European keep European powers out of powers out of the Western the Western Hemisphere.Hemisphere.

Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine

►U.S. U.S. successfully successfully challenged challenged European European intervention, or intervention, or direct direct involvement, involvement, in in Latin America.Latin America.

Can you answer these Can you answer these questions?questions?

►If not, If not, look back look back over this over this review!review!

Review Review

►Who is Who is someone born someone born in Latin in Latin America to America to Spanish Spanish parents?parents?

►Lowell girlLowell girl►CapitalistCapitalist►creolecreole

ReviewReview

►What is direct What is direct involvement by involvement by one nation in one nation in the affairs of the affairs of another?another?

►UrbanizationUrbanization►SectionalismSectionalism►Intervention Intervention

ReviewReview

►What was an What was an unintended unintended result of Henry result of Henry Clay’s Clay’s American American system?system?

►Much money Much money was spent on was spent on transportationtransportation

►Further growth Further growth of sectionalismof sectionalism

►High tariffsHigh tariffs

ReviewReview

►Who was Who was someone who someone who worked in the worked in the mills and mills and returned home returned home to marry?to marry?

►CapitalistCapitalist►Lowell girlLowell girl►CreoleCreole

ReviewReview

►What is loyalty What is loyalty to one’s state to one’s state or region?or region?

►UrbanizationUrbanization►SectionalismSectionalism►Intervention Intervention

ReviewReview

►How did How did Congress help Congress help American American industry after industry after the War of the War of 1812?1812?

► It closed the first It closed the first Bank of the Bank of the United StatesUnited States

► It established the It established the second Bank of second Bank of the United Statesthe United States

► It lowered tariffsIt lowered tariffs

ReviewReview

►How did the How did the United States United States gain Florida gain Florida from Spain?from Spain?

►U.S. bought Florida U.S. bought Florida for $5 millionfor $5 million

►U.S. won Florida U.S. won Florida after a lengthy after a lengthy battle with Spainbattle with Spain

►Spain gave up Spain gave up Florida as a result Florida as a result of the Monroe of the Monroe DoctrineDoctrine

ReviewReview

►Why was Why was Lowell, Mass. Lowell, Mass. Called a model Called a model factory town?factory town?

►Factory owners Factory owners shortened the shortened the employees’ work employees’ work dayday

►Factories Factories employed young employed young childrenchildren

►Workers lived in Workers lived in clean, decent clean, decent housinghousing

ReviewReview

►What is one way What is one way Americans Americans improved their improved their roads in the early roads in the early 1800s?1800s?

►Private companies Private companies built turnpikesbuilt turnpikes

►Private companies Private companies put up funds for put up funds for the National Roadthe National Road

►During the War of During the War of 1812, the army 1812, the army built the National built the National RoadRoad

ReviewReview

►Why was Why was Simon Bolivar Simon Bolivar known as “The known as “The Liberator?”Liberator?”

►He led He led independence independence movements in South movements in South AmericaAmerica

►He led a revolt He led a revolt freeing Texas from freeing Texas from Mexican ruleMexican rule

►He persuaded Spain He persuaded Spain to free its Latin to free its Latin American coloniesAmerican colonies

ReviewReview

►Which of the Which of the following following describes the describes the Industrial Industrial Revolution?Revolution?

►Depended on the Depended on the development of development of the factory systemthe factory system

►Occurred after Occurred after years of planning years of planning in U.S. in 1700sin U.S. in 1700s

►Was quick, violent Was quick, violent and produced few and produced few resultsresults

ReviewReview

►How did private How did private companies companies finance finance turnpikes?turnpikes?

►Campaigned for Campaigned for donations from donations from peoplepeople

►Borrowed money Borrowed money from states where from states where turnpikes crossedturnpikes crossed

►Collected tolls Collected tolls from travelersfrom travelers

ReviewReview

►Which of the Which of the following led to following led to the creation of the creation of the Monroe the Monroe Doctrine?Doctrine?

►U.S. wanted to control U.S. wanted to control Latin AmericaLatin America

►U.S. feared Spain U.S. feared Spain would try to regain its would try to regain its colonies in Latin colonies in Latin AmericaAmerica

►U.S. feared Britain U.S. feared Britain would try to take over would try to take over its original colonies.its original colonies.

ReviewReview

►Which is the Which is the BEST BEST interpretation interpretation of Supreme of Supreme Court decision, Court decision, McCullough v. McCullough v. Maryland?Maryland?

►Federal govt. cannot Federal govt. cannot tax state institutionstax state institutions

►States can nullify States can nullify federal laws they federal laws they think are think are unconstitutionalunconstitutional

►States have no power States have no power to control federal to control federal institutions within institutions within their borderstheir borders

Review Review

►What BEST What BEST describes daily describes daily life in a factory life in a factory in the early in the early 1800s?1800s?

►Employees, mostly Employees, mostly women & children, women & children, worked long hoursworked long hours

►Factory owners Factory owners more took interest more took interest in workers’ welfarein workers’ welfare

►Laws were Laws were enacted to prevent enacted to prevent child laborchild labor

ReviewReview

►What effect did What effect did sectionalism sectionalism have on the Era have on the Era of Good of Good Feelings?Feelings?

► It made national It made national unity more unity more difficultdifficult

► It divided the It divided the nation into East nation into East and Westand West

► It weakened It weakened political partiespolitical parties

ReviewReview

►What What generalization generalization can be made can be made about the rise about the rise of Latin of Latin American American nations?nations?

►Spain gave up Spain gave up control of its control of its coloniescolonies

►Colonies had to win Colonies had to win independence independence through revolutionthrough revolution

►New republics New republics easily achieved easily achieved democratic rule.democratic rule.

ReviewReview

►What was a What was a result of the result of the development of development of canals in the canals in the early 1800s?early 1800s?

►Canals allowed Canals allowed western farmers to western farmers to ship goods directly ship goods directly to eastern citiesto eastern cities

►Few farmers could Few farmers could afford to ship goods afford to ship goods through canalsthrough canals

►The National Road The National Road fell into disusefell into disuse

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►Which of the Which of the following following statements statements about John C. about John C. Calhoun is Calhoun is TRUE?TRUE?

►He supported He supported slaveryslavery

►He was a close He was a close ally of Daniel ally of Daniel WebsterWebster

►He supported He supported strong central strong central governmentgovernment

ReviewReview

►Why did Henry Why did Henry Clay’s Clay’s American American System fail?System fail?

►Congress would not Congress would not fund new roads, fund new roads, bridges and canalsbridges and canals

►Congress lowered Congress lowered tariffstariffs

►Supreme Court ruled Supreme Court ruled that the American that the American System was System was unconstitutional.unconstitutional.

ReviewReview

►What What agreement agreement resulted in the resulted in the U.S. taking U.S. taking possession of possession of Florida?Florida?

► Adams-Onis TreatyAdams-Onis Treaty►McCullough v. McCullough v.

MarylandMaryland►Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine

ReviewReview

►What What improvements improvements did Americans did Americans make on roads make on roads in the early in the early 1800s?1800s?

►Coating surfaces Coating surfaces with mudwith mud

►Charging Charging travelers to use travelers to use themthem

►Setting them on a Setting them on a bed of gravelbed of gravel

Review Review

►What is the What is the best best interpretation interpretation of the Supreme of the Supreme Court decision, Court decision, Gibbons v. Gibbons v. Ogden?Ogden?

►Only federal govt. Only federal govt. has power to has power to regulate interstate regulate interstate commercecommerce

►U.S. Constitution U.S. Constitution prohibits commerce prohibits commerce between statesbetween states

►Only states have the Only states have the power to regulate power to regulate interstate commerceinterstate commerce

ReviewReview

►What was daily What was daily life like in a life like in a factory in the factory in the early 1800s?early 1800s?

►All employees, All employees, including children, including children, worked 12 hour days, worked 12 hour days, 6 days/week6 days/week

►Adults worked 12 hour Adults worked 12 hour days; children worked days; children worked shorter hoursshorter hours

►Children worked 6 Children worked 6 hour days with hour days with frequent rest breaksfrequent rest breaks

ReviewReview

►How did How did Congress Congress protect protect American American manufacturers manufacturers after the War of after the War of 1812?1812?

►Lowering tariffs Lowering tariffs on imported on imported goodsgoods

►Eliminating tariffs Eliminating tariffs on imported on imported goodsgoods

►Raising tariffs on Raising tariffs on imported goodsimported goods

ReviewReview

►Which was a Which was a reason why reason why President President Monroe Monroe announced the announced the Monroe Monroe Doctrine?Doctrine?

►To protect Latin To protect Latin American republics American republics from European from European attackattack

►To provoke a war To provoke a war with Great Britainwith Great Britain

►To protect American To protect American industry from industry from European importsEuropean imports

ReviewReview

►What happened What happened to the U.S. to the U.S. population population during the during the Industrial Industrial Revolution?Revolution?

►Urbanization Urbanization increased in the increased in the United StatesUnited States

►Many Americans Many Americans moved from cities to moved from cities to farmsfarms

►Philadelphia Philadelphia became the largest became the largest city in the United city in the United StatesStates

Good Luck on your test!Good Luck on your test!