The National Air and Space Museum STEVEN F. UDVAR-HAZY CENTER

The National Air and Space Museum

STEVEN F. UDVAR-HAZY CENTER

Improving Safety and SustainabilityCraig Dubler

Construction ManagementSenior Thesis Presentation

Craig Dubler Steven F. Udvar-Hazy CenterConstruction Management Chantilly, Virginia

Presentation Outline

• Project Overview• Analysis I: Steel Sequencing• Analysis II: Simulated Safety Plan• Analysis III: Sustainable Redesign• Conclusions





Project Overview

• Function: Display and preservation of Smithsonian’s collection of

historic aviation and space artifacts

• Size: 470,000 S.F. • Cost: $125,000,000• Delivery Method: Design-Bid-Build• Duration: 30 months


Project Overview

Architectural features:

• Main Exhibition Hangar• Public Amenities• Observation Tower• Space Hangar


Main Exhibition Hangar

Space Hangar

Public Amenities IMAXObservation Tower

Project Overview

• Main Exhibition Hangar– Arched tri-truss design– Hanging mezzanine

walkways– Counter-weighted exhibit

doors– Rubber membrane roof


Project Overview

• Public Amenities including IMAX Theater– Consists of class rooms,

restaurants and retail shop

– Exterior:• Curved glazing• Metal panels• Metallic ceramic tiles



Structural System• Main Hangar

– Arched tri-truss steel system that ties into cast-in-place thrust blocks

– Drilled caisson foundation

• Public Amenities & IMAX Theater– Steel skeleton with slab on metal

deck– Spread footing foundation

• Observation Tower– Steel system encased in concrete– Mat footing foundation

Project Overview


Facts• 6500 tons of steel • 40,000 cubic yards of concrete • 30,000 cubic yards of excavation • 800,000 sq. feet of roofing • 64,000 linear feet (12 miles) of Walker

duct

Project Overview




Steel Sequencing

• Main Hangar Steel– 15 percent of total construction cost– Erection process complex and unsafe– Steel fabricated in

Montreal, Quebec– Total erection time

around six months


Extra planning required!

Steel Sequencing

Proposed solution:

• 4D Model of Steel Sequencing– Show steel erection including cranes


Steel Sequencing



Existing Plan: 2D Proposed Plan: 4D

Steel Sequencing

Steel Sequencing

Advantages of 4D Steel Sequencing

• Allows Smithsonian to easily understand erection process

• Subcontractors aware of where and when steel erection takes place

• Steel erectors develop milestones• Ask question about erection feasibility



• Project Overview• Analysis I: Steel Sequencing• Analysis II: Simulated Safety

Plan• Analysis III: Sustainable Redesign• Conclusions


Simulated Safety Plan


Jobsite safety extremely important

• Complex size and shape of building• Dangerous activities (e.g. Steel erection)• Contractor Controlled Insurance Plan

(CCIP)• Half of workforce is Hispanic, and

understands little English



• Hispanic Workforce– Creates a communication barrier

• Increases site safety hazards• Lowers productivity• Creates conflicts between managers and

workers

– Workers killed has more than doubled in last five years



4-D Safety Plan• Safety Plan Model

– Shows where and when activities take place

• Safety Plan Legend– Shows hazards associated with each activity

• Worker and Bystanders

• Specific Job Hazard Analysis– Describes hazards in more detail



Steel Erection

Roofing

Fire ProtectionMechanical

Glazing

Painting

Electrical

Metal Studs

Concrete



Sample Hazard Analysis(Northwest side of Hangar)

04-08-2002

Fire Protection Contractor•Falling•Welding•Cutting Metal•Heavy lifting•Struck by objectsAlso…•Roofing (struck by objects)•Steel (welding, struck by objects)•Mechanical (cutting metal)

Mechanical

Fire ProtectionRoofing

Steel Erection



Feasibility of 4-D Safety Plan• Preconstruction Meetings• Jobsite Orientation• Weekly Safety Meetings (Toolbox

Talks)



Key factors for Implementation• Develop in early stage of project

• Be sure model is understood by all workers– Model is useless if workers are not trained

to notice hazards


• Project Overview• Analysis I: Steel Sequencing• Analysis II: Simulated Safety Plan• Analysis III: Sustainable

Redesign• Conclusions


Sustainable Redesign

Mechanical System Redesign • Lower energy cost in Public Amenities

area

Site Redesign• Improved water retention system


Mechanical System Redesign


FiltersReturn Air

OutdoorAir

ReheatCoil Cooling

Coil

Supply Fan

SecondReheat Coil

SupplyAir

Mixed Air

Exhaust

Existing AHU A-07



FiltersReturn Air

OutdoorAir

ReheatCoil Cooling

Coil

Supply Fan

SecondReheat Coil

SupplyAir

Mixed Air

Exhaust

Proposed AHU A-07

Enthalpy Wheel


Advantages of Enthalpy Wheel• Lower energy costs

– Save around $8,000 per year– Increased indoor air quality (IAQ)

• Low maintenance• Long life expectancy


Site Redesign


Main Hangar

Public Amenities

Bituminous Pavement Bituminous Pavement

Water RetentionPond

Water RetentionPonds

Existing Site Water Retention System

Site Redesign


Main Hangar

Public Amenities

Overflow (.5%)

Porous Pavement Porous Pavement

Water RetentionPonds

Proposed Site Water Retention System

Site Redesign

Advantages of Porous Pavement• Elimination of large water retention

pond– Save approximately $130,000 – Space available for future expansion

• Natural rain-water filtration (pollutant removal)

• Increased skid resistance


Sustainable Redesign

Summary


Sustainable Item

Initial Savings After 10 Years

Enthalpy Wheel -$30,000 $50,000*

Porous Pavement $130,000 $100,000**

Total Saved $100,000 $150,000* Including energy saving of $8,000 per year** Including maintenance cost of $3,000 per year




Conclusions

• 4D Steel Sequencing– Simplifies erection process

• Simulated Safety Plan– Elimination of careless accidents only

if understood by every worker onsite• Sustainable Redesign

– Lower energy costs and increased IAQ– Natural rain-water runoff


Thanks To….

• Hensel Phelps Construction Company– Mike Mattivi, Chad Mease, John Louge, and Dave Webb

• Smithsonian Institution – Lin Ezel

• Penn State AE Faculty– Dr. Messner, Dr. Horman, Dr. Riley, and Dr. Ling

• Family and Friends– Mom, Dad, Kelly, Amy, Jessica, and Gram….

You are truly my inspiration to succeed.


http://www.psu.edu/

Questions?

Enthalpy Wheel


How it works• Transfers heat and humidity between

the exhaust and supply air • Brings the supply (incoming) air closer

in temperature and humidity to the exhaust air

• Reduces the load on the heating and cooling systems

Sizing Enthalpy Wheel


Taken from Appendix E

Return air flow = 7314 cfm Vmin/Vmax = 0.80Supply air flow = 9200 cfm

Unit effectiveness = 0.825

Using a TE 3-9, the face velocity is 760 FPM, the pressure loss is 0.76 in. wg.

Enthalpy Wheel - Energy Savings


$/kWh

$/therm

Annual Cost savingsCooling costs = $0.1/cfmHeating costs = $1.0/cfm

Total saved = $1.1/cfm of outdoor air

Total OA = 7314 cfm

Total Annual Savings = 7314 cfm * $1.1/cfm

= $8,045 per year

Rate of return = $33,000 / $8,045 = 4.1 Years

Washington D.C

Enthalpy Hrs. Cooling = 9,000Enthalpy Hrs. Heating= 41,000

Heating and Cooling cost*

Cooling = $0.055/kWhHeating = $0.55/therm*gathered from MSN living index

Porous Pavement


Four Layers:•Wearing layer - asphalt with

greater than normal percentage of voids•Transition layer - layer between top wearing layer and the stone reservoir •Stone reservoir - thick layer of aggregate (5ft)•Geotextile – keeps soil out of

stone reservoir

Porous Pavement - Construction


Subsurface excavated without heavy equipment compacting the bed bottom. Fine grading is done by hand Geotextile is laid. Then clean/washed uniformly graded aggregate is place in the bed as the storage media.

Porous pavement asphalt layer is then placed, the same way as regular, on top of the stone reservoir

Porous Pavement - Concerns

• Heavy equipment not allowed on porous soil– No staging in future porous pavement areas– Compacts soil and greatly lessens permeability

• Facilities maintained on a regular basis– Leaf Removal– Vacuum Sweeping

• Restricted Snow Removal– Plastic plow blades – does not damage surface– No sand or anti-skid – clogs pores

• Vehicle Restrictions– Passenger Cars and Trucks Only – Rutting may occur


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The National Air and Space Museum STEVEN F. UDVAR-HAZY CENTER