The Nautical

Institute

BULK CARRIER PRACTICE

Second Edition

Captain Jack Isbester ExC FNI MCMS Extra Master

Foreword (first edition) by Dr Frank Chao, Chairman, Intercargo Foreword (second edition) by Robert Lorenz-Meyer, President and Chairman BIMCO

Managing Partner, Ernst Russ GmbH & Co. KG

CONTENTS

Appendices and Reference Material - Contents

Foreword to the First Edition

Foreword to the Second Edition

Introduction to the First Edition

Introduction to the Second Edition

Acknowledgements First Edition

Acknowledgements Second Edition L/

Drawing of bulk carrier types - Drawings 1.1 - 1.1 1

Chapter l BULK CARRIERS PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE Bulk carriers and bulk cargoes, categories of bulk carrier, characteristics of a bulk carrier, typical bulk carrier layout and equipment, features of larger bulk carriers, future ships and trades

Chapter 2 CHARTERPARTIES Charterparties, time charters, voyage charters, sub-chartering, vessel's description, voyage estimates, compliance with the charterparty, owners' and charterers' voyage orders, consultation with principals, Master's responsibilities including interruptions to the voyage, keeping full records, surveys, tendering of notice of readiness and new charterparty clauses

Chapter 3 LOG BOOKS, RECORDS, REFERENCE BOOKS AND PLANS

The records which should be maintained aboard bulk carriers because of their trade, ships' operations manuals, the plans required by deck officers and the reference books required for the trade

Chapter 4 MAINTENANCE AND CARE OF HATCH COVERS Development, hatchcover types, watertightness and weathertightness, general description and design, surveys, testing for watertightness, maintenance procedures, some defects, emergency opening and closing, hatch leakage-first aid

Chapter 5 PREPARATION OF HOLDS General considerations, whilst discharging, preparation for cleaning, cleaning equipment, sweeping of holds, disposal of cargo residues, washing, exceptional cleaning, clearing blocked bilge suctions, drying, preparation of bilges and testing of fittings, hold inspections, time required for hold preparation, final preparations, hold coatings, ballast holds

Chapter 6 ENSURING SYSTEMS ARE OPERATIONAL Ventilation, airpipes, hold bilges, water ingress detectors, soundings, hold temperature systems, deck and hold lighting, list indication lights, fire smothering systems, hatch coarning drains, hatch fittings, deck machinery, derricks and cranes

Chapter 7 BALLAST MANAGEMENT Basic pattern of ballast management, relevant regulations, ship's ballast layout, quantity of ballast required, ballasting whilst discharging, ballast management on passage, sequential and flow-through ballast changing, restrictions on deballasting, deballasting, achieving good results, maintenance of ballast tanks, removal of sediment and scale, patching of leaks, maintenance of coatings in tanks, inspections, closing of tanks

Chapter 8 STRENGTH, STABILITY, DRAUGHT AND TI3.M Seakeeping strength, tanktop, upper deck and hatch cover loading, block loading, position of cargo in hold, alternate hold loading, shear forces and bending moments, ship movement in a seaway, springing, hull stress monitoring, stability, free surface effect, angle of loll, flooding, sloshing, hogging and sagging7 Squat, effects of list and heel, change of trim due to change of density

Page

vi

vii

viii

ix

xi

xii

xiv

xvi

1

15

23

101

BULK CARRIER PRACTICE iii

Chapter 9 PLANNING THE LOADING Orders for loading, general approach, maximum lift, limiting point in voyage, factors which govern the distribution of cargo, the loading/deballasting plan, two berth and two port loading and discharge, block loading, two and multi- - loader operations, the trimming pours, loading the optimum amount of cargo, the unloading/ballasting plan, when cargo cannot be carried safety

Chapter 10 LOADING CALCULATIONS' Loading instruments, the use of loading manuals, their deficiencies and contents, displacement, stability and longitudinal strength calculations, choice of methods, practical considerations, grain stability, timber stability

Chapter l l LOADING OR DISCHARGING BERTH Final authority for decisions, need for exchange of information, maximum safe draught, tidal range and sailing draught, air draught, cargo handling equipment and rate, positions of structures on quay, mooring requirements, systems of fendering, systems of access, restrictions on deballasting, ship/shore safety checklist, items requested by Master, communication with berth operators, tonnage on the belt, hours of work, effects of weather, methods of trimming, pollution avoidance, methods of loading, methods of discharging, ship's information for the berth operator including typical mooring arrangements, the implementation of the BLU Code, methods of information exchange, storing and handling of cargoes ashore, offshore transshipment

Chapter 12 LOADING PERIOD Importance of the loading period, arrival in berth, preloading surveys, acceptability of offered cargo, duties of ship's officers, loading/deballasting programme, monitoring loading and deballasting, supervision of work of the crew, liaison with loading staff, damage to ship or cargo, maintenance of full records, chief mate's role as troubleshooter, Master's role, shifting ship by warping, safe procedures for working cargo

Chapter 13 ESTABLISHING QUANTITY OF CARGO LOADED OR DISCHARGED

Methods of weighing bulk cargoes ashore, draught survey procedures, reasons for unexpected results

Chapter 14 CARGO DOCUMENTS Hold inspection certificares, mate's receipts, bills of lading and authorisations to sign them, phytosanitary certificates, certificates of compliance, UN approval, origin, declarations by shipper, certificates of transportable moisture limit, moisture content, Master's response sheet, lashing, readiness to load, fitness to proceed to sea, loading, fumigation, weight and quality, stowage plans, cargo manifests, dangerous cargo manifests, material safety data sheets, hatch sealing certificates, statements of fact, letters of protest, empty hold certificates, trimming certificates, certificates of loading/discharging and stevedores' time sheets, clean ballast discharge permits, paint compliance certificates, certificates of IMO classification, IMSBC Code fitness certificates, certificates of compliance for bulk and dangerous bulk cargoes, hatch closing certificates and no damage certificates

Chapter 15 LOADED VOYAGE Departure from the loading port, trim for the loaded voyage choice of route, cargo ventilation, soundings, action to take when flooding is detected, acidity of bilges, cargo temperatures, sampling of air in holds, checking and tightening of cargo lashings daily, inspections in fair and rough weather, conduct of the voyage in rough weather, reporting, arriving at the discharging port

Chapter 16 THE DISCHARGING PERIOD Shipboard organisation during discharge, routine procedures, on first arrival, liaison with the terminal representative, the discharging/ballasting programme, ballasting, discharge by continuous unloading, grab, Cavaletto, vacuvator or ship's gear, care for cargo, the finding, recording and repair of stevedores' damage, crew work

Page

109

iv THE NAUTICAL INSTITUTE

THE BALLAST VOYAGE Chapter l7 departure from the discharging port, choice of route, routine Genera' of the voyage in rough weather, reporting, before arrival at the tasks, cO"fs"'partial deballasting before berthing loading p

S SPECIAL TWES OF BULK CARRIERS Chapter lal ~haracteristics of double skinned bulk carriers, self unloaders, mini- O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ s t product carriers, log carriers, retractable tweendeck vessels, open bulker', fo with shipboard gantry cranes and combination hatch vessels

CARRIAGE OF COMMON AND TYPICAL Chapter l9 BULK CARGOES

iron ore, steel, steel coils, forest products, cement Grain, Coal7

UNUSUAL CARGOES AND SPECIALuTRADES Chapter 'Oseparations, taking the ground in the berth, general and breakbulk

cargoading to cold regions cargoes, tr

SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS responsibility for safety, abandoning ship when flooding occurs,

The ISM work system, entering enclosed spaces, use of pesticides, access to the permit to r d ~ from working cargo, use of safety equipment and clothing, unsafe ship, ha@ cargoes

22 INSTRUMENTS AND MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT Chaptereric test equipment, hydrometers, sea water sampling equipment, AtmOsph mucking winches, mobile cranes, cherrypickers, scaffolding, ~~y~~~~~~~~~~~ portable sump pumps, high pressure washing machines, spray paint spray hold inspection systems, big area descalers, sand blasting foam sys machines, needle guns, pneumatic grease guns, portable fans, power tools

MAINTENANCE Chapter '5ntenance systems, the planning of maintenance, management of 'lanned E, ,greasing and oiling, painting, maintenance of derricks, cranes and 'pare par >S fixtures and fittings grabs, shlP

REPAIRS AND DRYDOCKTNG' Chapter %amage and defects, Enhanced Survey Programme, drydocking Repair of

25 SHIP'S HOUSEKEEPING Chapter of wastes, the housekeeping problem, excluding dust, dealing with dirt, Disposal keeping %+'ater Out

26 BULK CARRIER CASUALTIES Chapter in the 1980s and 1990s, factors contributing to bulk camer casualties, Casualties the path to safer shipping, improvements introduced, prevention of casualties, casualty prevention by ships' personnel and shipowners, detection of damage,

casualties since 1993, conclusion

~ p p e n d i c ~ ~

List of Somces

Index

Notes OD numbering of iUustrations and appendices book starts with t h e n pages o f drawings (Drawings 1.1 - 1.11) o f bulk carrier types. Thereajer

aa illUStajions are to be found in appropriate chapters, numbered consecutive& - egFig 1.5 denotes ligure 5 Chaptfll and will be found i n the main text of the book. Appendix 10.1 denotes the$rst appendix to Chaptm 1 0 and will be found in the collection o f appendices at the back ofthe book. -

Page

211

215

245

273

287

299

31 1

325

333

341

349

497

503

BULK CARRIER PRACTICE v

INDEX

Abandoning ship when flooding occurs 287 Abbrewatlons 126 Accelerauons 103 Access 150

common problems 295 hatch 9 means of 14 must be tended 159 no means promded 295 prowded by terminal 293 regulauons, always observed 295 rules for safe 295 system of 146 to the ship 291-296

Acc~dents, demls of 24 Accommodauon 12

m freenng conditions 285 ladder, at an anchorage 296 ladders 146,150,159,163,291

Accuracy of the measurements 168 Adverse weather 102,187

meehng 213 ship slowed by 196

Admce and recommendatlons for entenng enclosed spaces 289

Mreightment, contract of 15 Afterpeak 217 A,plhas current 188 h r

changes 192 hoses 302 motors 80 polluhon from sh~ps 336 Sounding and Fill~ng Pipe plan 86

hrdraft 142, 149, 157 in the berth 92 large 203

hrless p m t sprayers 303

w i p e s 12,74 Altenng course or speed 197 Alternate

hold loading 102 Hold Loahng Condmon 102 holds, left empty 257 or 'Jump' Loadmg 30

Alum~na 336 AMVER scheme 198 Anchor pods 14,212 Anchors 187

secunng of 196 Angle

pnders 309 of loll 105

Annual freeboard inspechon 324 AP (Amencan Petroleum) 270 Archlmedes' screw 149,203 Amval at the berth 155,201 Aspirated psychrometer 301 At-sea stress lim~ts 345 Atmosphere

shall be regularly mon~tored 252 test equpment 299

Attached dunnage 266 Australian Rules ladder 219 Austrahans 137 Autop~lot, adapuve 197 Avoid the possibility of gas explosions 345 Backloadmg 226 Bale capac~ty 32 Ballast 24

change, m ~ d ocean 217 changes 211,345 changmg, m d ocean 14 changng, sequenual & flow-through 91 changng, SOLAS requrements 85 compments , mzntenance of 97 condhon, ophmum minunum 89

controls, central~sed ducts holds holds, preparing for load~ng IMO Guidel~nes in a cold climate 1x1 freenng cond~hons in soundrng plpes, exchanged layout, ship's

Log Management management on passage management, regulauons governing management, the bas~c pattern not allowed to overflow pensslon, to dscharge pipelines pump controls pumping arrangements

Pumps i pumps, prevenhng, mpping quanhty requued resldues restnctlons restnchons on, discharge retaned by mistake sequenhal and flow-through methods

of changng smpping system smppings system, remote controls systems tanks, closing of tanks, double-bottom tanks, entenng tanks, lnspechons of tanks, pressed up tanks, punctured tanks, removal of scale tanks, saddle or upper hopper to l~st the ship

VOFse voyage in rough weather voyage, choice of route water for generator coohng Water Management Manual Water Management Plan water, density of water, tanks wh~ch 1s dirty

Ballashng flexible, system of holds while in port operahons, resmcuons precaunons rates venulators whilst &schargng

Bareboat charter Barge (S) 149, BC Code, The Before arnval at the loadlng port Bell

book mouth scale

Belt, tonnage of cargo on the Bendmg

moment curve moments moments, longtudnal

Berth box bows overhangmg essenhal informanon for the s h ~ p about helpful mformahon for the shlp loading or discharging

nature of the bottom 278 operators 150 operators may requlre to know 151

Berkng angle 145 parual deballasting before 213 without the assistance of tugs 145

Big area descalers 307 Bllge (S) 258

alarms, h ~ g h level 68,75, 340 burlapping of 69 eductors 59 non-return valves 68,75 preparauon of 67 pumplng system, non-return valves 323 smpplng system 220 sucuon system 59 sucuons, blocked 67 S U C ~ O ~ S , tested 213 sucuons, tesung of 68 tested for pH 254 water 334 water discharged, record 258 water pumped out 23 water, teshng for acid~ty 194 wells 12,75,168

B111 of lading accomphshed 179 authorisahon to sign 176 date 178 delivery of cargo m return for 179 figure, discrepancy 177 incorrect 179 negouable and non-negohable copies I79 non-negohable l77 proper delivery of cargo against 180 retained on board 179 s~gningthe . l77 split 180 signing of 19

BIMCO 288,298 Blasting machmes, sand 308 Bl~nd sector of the honzon 229 Block

coeffic~ents 106 loaded 217 Loading 30,101,116,117 loading lirntu 113

BLU Code implementahon 151 requlres other information 146 The 25, 35, 37, 73, 89,92, 122, 141,

146, 149, 151, 155,156, 201, 202, 227, 343

BM d~agrams 131 Board measure 267 Boom end must be marked 222 Bowsed in 162 Breakbulk cargo stowed over bulk cargo 277

cargoes 281 Brereton scale 268 Bndge note book 24 Broken

down 281 stowage 230,267,281

Brows 293 Bucketwheel unloader 203 Bugs 69 Bulbous bow 7 Bulk cargoes

coheszve 147 m contamers 14 non-cohesive 147 storing and handling, ashore 151 which cause oxygen depletion 289

BULK CARRIER PRACTICE 503

INDEX

Bulk carrier(s) 1-14 double skinned 215-221 casualties, factors contributing to 342

, categories 2 characteristics 4 equipment improvements 343 Guidance on Loading and Discharaging 35 Guidelines for Repair of Hull Structure 35 have foundered 258 layout and equipment 6 low powered 196 open 4 operational improvements 343 self-unloading 221-226 structural improvements 343 structure 329 very large 2

Bulker in ballast condition 212 loaded, conditions of 196

Bulkhead correction 131 corrugations 219 drain plugs 340

Bull wires 230 Bulldozer 147 Bunker tanks, convenient 114 Bunkers 119

taken 24 transfer of 114 transferring 114

Butt ended packages 268 Butterworth

machines 307 systems 65,66

Buttressed trunks 267 Cable conduits 77 Cactus ,pbs 321 Calculation

by computer or loadicator 133 draft survey 25 longhand 133 of grain stability, flow chart 135 trim and stability, worked example 127 mm, stability and stress 25

Calibration tables 172 California Block Stow 260 Canadian

Coast Guard 137 Code 267

Capacity tables for tanks and holds 126 Capesized

bulk carriers 2,101,341 bulkers 162 designs, standard 256 vessel 301 vessels, No. 1 hatch covers of 196

Capsize 105 Capstans 80 Carbon monoxide 221,250 Carefully to Carry 249 Cargo (es)

ashore 206 associated waste 334 book 25 cannot be carried safely when 121 capacity 120 care 206 carried on deck 101 claim 202 clinging to the bulkheads 205 control of the flow 224 control room 339 damage to 206 damaged or deficient 176 description and condition 178 disposition 112 documents 24,175 dust 211,297 establishing quantity 167-174 excessive leakage 206

faces overhanging 205 fail to provide a full 184 falling 296 gear documents, kept methodically 31$ gear system, neglected 318 gear, marking of items 317 general and breakbulk 279-282 handling equipment, ship's 150 handling gear 81 handling gear, ships, maintenance of 316 has been short-landed 184 holds 9 hygroscopic 192 in grab, electronic weighing of 167 inspection on arrival 202 inspections 250 is gravity-fed 222 lashings to check 195 lashings, tightening of 24 liners of the twenty first c6ntury 233 liquefaction 342 loaded, calculation of 173 Loading Manual 29 loading process 156 loading the optimum amount 119 loading, in a ballast hold 92

1% 24 manifest 183 maximum amount, the ship can cany 110 methods of delivering, to the vessel 147 offered, condition of 156 on conveyor belt, electronic weighing 167 on deck 27 on its own ground 183 overstow 183

Part 180 permitted 110

plan 183 position within the hold 102 residues and associated wastes 187, 211,

333,334 residues, disposal of 61 safe delivery of 193 Securing Manual 31 separations 206 shifting 147 shortages 206 spilt on deck 202,339 surface, plastic sheeting spread over 56 survey 201 sweat 190,191,262 temperatures 23,195 to Australia 66 tonnage by draft survey I73 tonnages 24 torque 117 transfer line 272 tunnel, inspection 224 unacceptable 156 ventilation 189-192 visual inspection of 47 when rearranging 114 with excessively high moisture content 345 work is delayed 184 work, before commencement 48 work, interruption of 202 working, dust from 296 working, other safety precautions 297 working, safety during 163 work-the discharging berth 149 work-the loading berth 147

Casualties bulk carrier 340-348 in the 1980s and 1990s 341 prevention of 344 since 1993 346

Casualty prevention by ships' personnel and shipowners 344

Caterpillar Hoeram 208 Catwalk over the cargo 267 Cavalletto system 205

Cement a problem cargo aerated cargo cargo shift coating removal delivery, mechanical

L I l delivery, pneumatic discharge

271

hold cleaning 270

hold preparation 270

loading methods 269

may be carried at 80 degrees F 270

on passage 270 270

ship, specialised, cargo control room 272 ships, specialised 271-272 Ships, specialised, discharging 271 Ships, specialised, loadings 271 The main ingredients 269

Centres of gravity of full compartments 133 Certificate of

compliance 185

fitness to proceed to sea 182 fumigation 182 IMO classification 185 lashing 182 Loading/Discharging 185 loading 182 readiness to load 182 weight and quality 182

Chain lashings 231 locker, flooded 339 register/cargo gear register 25 tightener 267

Chalk test 46 Change of

destination 180 trim with change of density 108

Charterers 161 Charterparties 15-22 Charterparty

clauses, new 22 dispute ' 16 surveys required 21 terms 19

CHECKLIST Duties of the chief mate in the

discharaging port 210 Duties of the chief mate in the loading port 166 Duties of the officer of the watch in the

discharging port 210 Duties of the officer of the watch in the

loading port - 165 Items for attention before arrival at the

loading port 82 Possible additional measures when a

greater margin of safety is required 348 Procedure for planning the loading 122 Procedures for changing a combination

carrier from dry cargo to oil 242

Procedures for changing a combination carrier from oil to dry Cargo 244

Procedures for maintaining hatch covers in efficient condition 57

Reminders for drydocking 332

Reminders regarding ballast operations loo Requirements for visit to freezing area 286 Routine procedures for the ballast voyage 214 Routine procedures for the loaded voyage lg9

Shi~/Shore Safeni 146 A .

Summary of measures for preventing - .- casualties

348

Tasks on arrival in the discharging berth 210

Tasks on arrival in the loading berth 165

The repair of damage and defects 33 1 ",,V

Chemical cleaning 3" I

Cherrypickers 302,307,345 Chief mate's role during loading

160

Chocking, with lengths of sawn timber 260% 281 Clamshell (Valstar) grabs 321

504 THE NAUTICAL INSTITUTE

INDEX

Classification societies 342 Society, rules 115

Clausing 176 Clean

ballast discharge permit 185 bill of lading 175

Cleaning chemicals 66 equipment 60 exceptional 66 of coamings 158

Cleating systems 48 Climatic data 188 Close-up access 346

inspections 342,345 CO2

bottle room 12,78 gas, injection 12 smothering systems 323

Coal 250-256 at a temperature higher than 45°C 251 avoid unwanted through ventilation 256 before loading 251 blend of 251 cargo, before discharging 255 cargo, when carrying 252 cargoes, detection of heating 255 cargoes, temperatures of 252 drainage of moisture 256 full record of readings 252 heating, master's report 255 high sulphur content 251 monitoring of gas in 252 part cargoes 256 routine operational matters 255 self-heating, forecast or detected 255 stowage factor 255 transportation, the hazards 250 ventilators 219

Coalstains 66 Coaming

drain valves 255 as a feeder 245

Coatings, maintenance of 99 Cocooning 276 Code of

Practice for the Safe Loading and Unloading of Bulk Carriers-see BLU Code Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage

& Securing 29, 31, 35, 37, 101, 182, 228,260,281

Safe Practice for Ships Carrying Timber Deck Cargoes See Timber Deck Cargo Code

Safe Working Practices for Merchant Seamen 287

Coil in the hold, positioning of 263 strength 265 Tables 263 wedge with wooden wedges 265

Cold regions, trading to 282-286 Combigun, portable 219 Combination carriers 1, 3, 151, 238-244

as dry bulk carriers 239 equipment 240 miscellaneous matters 241 where fracture occur 242

Common Structural Rules for Bulk Carriers 265 Communications 226 Compacting 336 Compression

bar 44 bars, damaged 53

Computers-see loading computers Conbulkers 4 Concentrates 257 Conclusions 348

Condition of Assignment, Record

of Particulars Relating to class

Constant charterparty ship's 169:

Consultation with charterers owners

Consumption Contact damage Contamination Continuous

heavy rolling unloading

Conventional bulk carriers Conveyor belts Cooling water, intakes blocked Corner pieces (corner caps) Correction

for hull deformation for ship listed of the draft readings

Corrosion from cargoes within ballast tanks within holds

Cover folding lift-away piggy back rolling single-pull stacking

Crane (S) design dockside drivers from ashore floating level luffing on pedestals operation machinery maintenance shipboard twin

Cream digging- Creaming Crew

safety of work during discharge

Crossdeck structure Cross-joint Crude oil washing (COW) Custom cut packages Cyclone D (Deutsche) Damage

additional measures to avoid and defects, repair of assessment of by trimming claims detection of discovery of from contact hold includes 'known defects' master should report prevention records serious smctural suffered by the ship superficial to hatch covers, danger of to the cargo to the ship to the ship's shell structure when found

Dangerous cargo manifest 183 goods 186 solid bulk cargoes 30

Deadweight 121 cargo 111 moment, maximum 127

Deballasting 92 achieving good 95 before berthing 92 must be monitored 158 permission to commence 71 precaution 96 problems, investigation 96 restrictions 146 sequence 92 time required 150 will get out of step, danger 92

Decisions, final authority when vessel is berthed 141

Deck cargo 187,228 cargo ladders 267 cargo, resists capsizing forces 266 inspected daily 212 lighting 323 line 174 log book 160 machinery 80 machinery in freezing conditions 283 machinery, controls for 284 machinery, hydraulic, motors for 284 openings 345 stowage, logs 231 work reports, monthly 312

Declaration by shipper 156, 181,298 by Shipper form 251 is essential 195

Defects record of all 327 unrepaired 327

Deflector plates ' 147 Demise, charter 15 Demurrage 184 Density

correction 171 in air, apparent l70 measurement l70

Departure draft and mm 113 from the loading port 187 shear forces and bendiGg moments 113 ship's stability 113

Derbyshire 14,101,196, 197 Demck(s) ' 80,150,206,284,316

maintenance 316 winches 81

Description, vessel 17 Destination, change of 180 Dewpoint 191,192 Diamond

34 class 215 53 class 215,333 53s, good design features 221

Digital photographs 208 Directional energy spread 196 Dirt

dealing with 338 on deck 339

Discharge 203 by ship's gear 206 by vacuvator 206 completion of 202 shipboard organisation during 201

Discharging 345 an oil cargo 239 ballasting plan 345 ballasting programme 201,202 period, the 201-210 port, arriving at 199

BULK CARRIER PRACTICE 505

INDEX

port, departure from 211 programme 116 programme must be calculated 202 programme should be simple 203 rates 145,224,226 sequence 116 units 145

D~shwater 334 Dispatch 184 Displacement 171

calculations, worked example 126 calculation of 170 in salt water 127

Disponent owner 16 Disposal of wastes 333 Dock water allowance 299 Dockside crane 149 Double

bottom arpipes 219 bottom ballast tanks 9, 70, 86, 92 side skin structure 344 shnned 1 skinned bulk carriers 215-221 shnned construction, pmcipal benefits 215 skinned design, hisadvantages of 215

Draft(s) 24 correction due to trim 126 effect of list or heel upon 108 gauges, high soundmgs detected by 194 in berth, maximum safe 141 marks, inaccurate 174 maxlmum perm~tted 111 readmgs 169,201 readmgs, m11 show the tonnage loaded 158 restncnons 111 survey 118, 155, 160, 168-174,201 survey hydrometer 300 survey, condluons for the commencement 168 surveyor 156 surveys 125 surveys, informal 160

Dmnage channels and dram pipes, blocked 53 from cargo 193

Drains, hatch coming 79 Dnving ships too hard 341 Drop 115

valves 87 Drydock

before leaving 330 repairs for bulk carriers 331 wh~le in 330

Drydocked, responsibility for safety 330 Drydocking 329-332

orders for 327 preparing for 329

Duct keels 13,86,241 Dump valves 87,96,345 Dumplng manholes 203,247 Dunnage

bags, inflatable 269 double 265 for general cargo 281 steel b~llets as 265

Durations of all surveys 24 Dust 297

exclud~ng 336 explosions 297 reducuon 149

East-west crossings 188 Echosounder 7 Eductor(s) 86,93,158,220

backflash 59 increases water m holding tanks 220 portable 59

Electric circmts, isolanon of 70 Elevator room 272 Emergency

cutout 82 de-~cing system 283 fire pump 217

Empty hold cerbficate 184 Enclosed spaces, venulauon of 308 Engneers, kept fully ~nformed 279 Engneroom 13 Enhanced Survey Programme (ESP) 208,328,342 Entenng enclosed spaces 288 Equipment

in good worhng order 73 lashlng 267 loading or dischargmg, detals of 142 must be checked 313

Error, possible sources 173 ESP Planning Document 328 ETA messages 198,213 European

(CEN) standard 297 Commun~ty 336

Excess~ve longtu&nal stresses, little evldence 342 Explosimeter 299 Explosion kdled both men ' 288 Explosive mlxture 250 Extractor hole 270 Extreme cold temperatures 285 Eyebolts 230 Faugue cracks 197 Feeder

hole 270 ports 203,247

Fendemg 146 Fibre ropes 146 Filling ballast hold, scramble is avo~ded 217 Fire 250

exunpshers 323 smothenng systems 78

Fixtures and fitbngs, mantenance of 323 Flammable gases 250 Flat metal strapping bands 265 Flexlng 103 Flood water sloshlng 346 Flooding 105,196

action to take 194 aChOn to take when detected 213 of holds 258 through hatchway damage 342 when detected 287

Flow promoting addtive 269 through method 217

Fluid GM 103 Food waste 334 Forecastle space, flooded 7 Forecastles

mandatory fitung of 101 ships without msed 103

Forepeak 217 Forest product 265-269

carriers 228-229 measurement 267

Fork lift trucks in the holds, limits 265 Form correction 126,171 Formal Safety Assessment (FSA)

of bulk carners 343 Formauon of explosive gas 241 Free

digging 203 surface effect 103,105,266 surface moments 135

Freeboard 174 Freedom Mark I1 vessels 232 Freezing conditions, to minImlse problems 283 Freight

P a d 178 Prepad 178 payment of 178

Fresh water 5, 24, 120 generators 120 m s e 65 rinsing 260,307 shortages 5 wash 305

Front end loaders 147,202,205 Frozen pipework, thawing Fuel

285

consumption monitoring service 188

suitably heated 114

tank, to press up Full

70

deadweight of steel coils carried 217 speed 215

Fumigant (S) 182,290 wet 194

Fumigation 24,182 each process to be logged 291 in transit, report to discharge port 291 I-transit 24,201,290 l-transit, permlsslon requlred 291 spaces under 291 to monitor 195 wth aerauon 290

Fumigator-in-charge 290 Fuses 70

physical removal of 252 Future bulk carners 14 Gangway or ladder 291 Gan,gvays 146,150,159,163, 293 Gantry(1es) 316

crane operanng procedures 236 cranes, effect on m m 236 components 234 controls 234 mamtenance 236 safety devlces 234 stowage 236

Garbage 333 guidehnes 335 Management Plan 335 Record Book 335 special areas for 335

Gas free test 182 lmes, rouune tesung 79 monitor 299 sampling points ' 79

Gasket permanent setnng down of 51 retaming bars, damaged 53

Geared bulk carners 3, 5, 81, 345 Gearless 346 General

cargoes 279 cargoes, carnage of, baslc rules for 281 semce pump 86 traders 226

GM, minimum penssible 129 Good mantenance is essenual 311 Goosenecks 74 Grabbing cranes 318 Grab (S) 147,149, 151,250,316

capacity 321 cause considerable damage 206 damage to 322 design 321 &scharge 203 electro-hydraulic 318,321 hand-released 321 heel digging 205 intermediate digging 205 leakage from 206

mantenance 321 mantenance and mspecUOn 322

remotely operated by radio 321 remote radio control 318

rope-operated 318,321 self-dumping 318,321 ship's cargo 284 slid down slope 203

splllage from 258

swung like pendulum 203

used to smke the bulkheads 207

506 THE NAUTICAL INSTITUTE

INDEX

Grain 245-250 capaclty 32 Code, Internauonal 2, 4, 28, 35, 37, 135, 137,

245,246,247 condmon of 249 discharge of 250 feeder ports 12 heaung 249 heavler 246 heeling moments 28, 137 heehng moments, penssible,

or allowable 137 hold preparation 248 in topside tanks 247 leakage of water Into 249 loadlng of 248 res~dues from beam and bracket flanges 250 shlfung moments 28 sdos 248 stabil~ty 135 stab~lity calculahon flow chart 136 stab~hty calculauon forms 246 Stabil~ty Manual 28 stabihty, calculauon 28 two grades in the same hold 276 unfit for shipment 249 venulauon of 249 weighers, automatic bulk 167

G m t m n g 90 ballast 93

Greasing 312,314 Green seas 103 Greywater 334 Groovlng 346 Ground space 273 Groundmg 173 Hague Rules 178 Hague Visby Rules 178 Handysized bulkers 2,161,277,348 Handyrnax bulk camer 2,215,348 Hatch(es)

closing cemficate 186 cleaung systems 53 coaming dmns 53,79 coamings, horizontal loads on 196 cover arrangements, survey of 46 cover falure 196 cover inspecuons 23 cover loahng 101 cover secunng or lochng demces 80 Covers 39-58, 215, 345 covers ~nadequately secured 211 covers on combinauon camers 240 covers, entenng cold weather 284 covers, general descnpuon and design 43 covers, hydraulic systems 54 covers, IMO guidehnes for 48 covers, loose water 250 covers, lubncauon 49 covers, manufacturer's literature for 48 covers, must be secured 164,297 covers, panung of 50 covers, procedures for mmtaming 47 covers, some defects found 51 covers, spare parts for 51 covers, steel, development of 39 covers, vlsual inspecuon of the 47 covers, washmg of 60 covers, waterughtness of 213 covers, wear and corrosion 49 dram channels 158 emergency openlng and closing of 55 fitungs 79 mspecuon cemficate 175 leakage-first a d measures 56 motors m exposed posluons 55 openmg 155 opemng c h m s and wres 80 opemng motors 80 openmgs 4 panel, posiuon must be planned 233

prevention of damage 49 safety measures 48 sealing certificate 184

Hawse pipes, fractures, around 339 Hazardous

cargoes 32, 77,185,281,297 for bulk carriers 298 material 183

Hazards from working cargo 296-297 Heaving

lines 146 to 197,213

Heavy ballast 217 ballast condinon 88,213 ballast draft 211 Items toppling 289 llfts 30

Helicopter landing hatch cover 187 High

density cargoes, forbidden 110 density cargo 110 dens~ty cargoes, errors must be avoided 257 pressure transducers 103 pressure washing machlnes 305 wnds 206 winds or fog 160

Hzll Harmony case 188 Hoeram 270

Hog 119, 120 lashings 231

H~g@ng 106 stresses, to reduce 114

Hold(s) and ballast tanks, mantenance of coatings 316 ballast 71 bilge wells bilge wells, capacity bilges cleaning at high levels cleaning by crew in port cleaning hazards cleaning sequence cleaning, difficult cleaning, preparation for cleaning, report of cleaning of, general considerations cleanliness coatings containing timber, ventilation damage distribution plan drying of fail the survey has been overloaded in freezing conditions inspection certificate inspection systems inspections inspections in rough weather is ready to be secured must be cleaned must be made ready painting partly ballasted in port preparation, mini-bulkers preparation, time required preparation of reinspected sea water in a sampling of air in severely corroded sharing of the cargo between sweeping of sweeping of, in freezing conditions system for removal of water temperamre systems thorough inspection of topping off unintended overloading ventilation

venhlators 189,323 washing 219 washing water 220,334 washings, retained aboard 219 wash, in port 65 which can be ballasted in port 157

Homogeneous, loadmg 30 Hopper 149

tank sides 12 Hoppus measurement 268 Hose test 46 Hours of work 147 Housekeeping problem 336 Hove-to 195,197 Hove-to wth the weather on the quarter 198 Hull

contact damage 344 distoruon of 121 stress monitoring 103 stress monitors 212 survey report 342 stress monitors, high sound~ngs detected by 194 vlolent worhng of the sh~p's 103

Hum~&ty reahngs 159 Hybnd Self-unloaders 225 Hydrauhc conunuous chain dnve 55 Hydrauhc systems 55,80 Hydrogen 250 Hydrometer(s) 170,299

correcuon 170 draft survey 170 for use m draft calculauons 300 loadl~ne 170

Hydrostatic tables 127 IACS E~ght Initiahves for existing bulk camers 343 Ice

accreuon 138 damage, inspecung for 283 strengthening 228

Icing 282 IMDG Code 20,35,37, 183,185, 281,298,334 IMO 289,342,343 IMO approved h;, detergents and

hold clean~ng chemicals 333 Improvements mtroduced, for bulk camers 343 IMSBC Code fiiness ceruficate 185 IMSBC Code, The 35,37,135,147,156,157,

159, 181, 182, 183, 185, 190, 221, 245, 249, 251,252, 254, 255,257, 258, 270,345

In lieu of weighing 180 Inadvertent overloachng 342 Incidents 24 Incinerauon 336 Inert gas 239 Infestauon 248,249

by rats 289 insect 69,289 prevenuon of 289 treament of 290

Informauon for berth operators 151 for master 151 need for exchange 141

Insects 69 Inspecung bulk camers, admce 346 Inspection(s) 195,345

dunng rough weather 195 in good weather 195 of hatch covers 227

Parry 195 Instruments 299-301 Intact stabhty requirements, IMO's 27 Intercargo 346 Internauonal

Assoc~auon of Classrficanon Socieues (IACS) 117,341,344

Code for the Safe Carnage of Gran m Bulk-see Grain Code, Intonational loadl~ne ceruficate 106 Loadline Convenhon 103

BULK CARRIER PRACTICE 507

JDEX

Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code, The-see lMDG Code

Maritime Organization (IMO), The 289,342, 343

Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code, The see lMDG Code

Navigating Limits 282 Safety Management (ISM) Code-see ISM Code Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code- see ISPS Code )n ore(s) 256-258 are self draining 258 cargoes, loaded voyage 258 discharging 258 tines 257 hold preparations 257 loading and trimming 25 7 ~xidise 258 preplanning the loading 257 ROM 257 tanktop must not be overstressed 258 vl Code 49, 133, 232, 287, 311,

316,323,330,343 'S Code 201,295,312,339 np (alternate hold) .oading 102,257,345 .oading, disadvantages 257 oading, the benefits 257 msarmax 2 ;, maximum permissible 129 n-dried lumber, pulp or plywood on deck 268 dders 293 iluminium extending 307 %ustralian 9 ightweight aluminium 346 iertical 9 rge ;tern trim 173 rim by the stem 114 rger bulk carriers, features 13 shings 195,267,281 o r timber deck cargoes 228 {day statement 25 ?er correction 126,171 itime statement 184 &age ~allast line 96 kom ballast tanks 69 nto holds 194,340 I side 195 *er of protest 159,176,184 :ten )f credit 175 )f indemnity 159,179,275 elines 195 erafts 323 esaving equipment in freezing conditions 285 ting gear 25 ;ht ~allast 217 )allast condition 88 )allast draft 211 ;hip Correction Certificate l71 ptening 180 %ting 77 )ermanent 215 )ortable 77 newash, removal 70 newashiig 70,307 nit switches 81 lits on the number of tiers 265 t indication lights 77 ting of the ship 157 id on top 239 rded o even keel 114 'oyage 187-200 ,oyage, conduct in rough weather 196-198 rdicators 123 iding(s) cargo whilst aground 278

a self-unloader 222 an oil cargo 239 berth, arrival in 213 berth, sequence of tasks when

a vessel arrives 155 berths, time allowance 145 block 101 calculations 122-140 commencement of 160 computer breaks down 125 computer, evidence of approval 123 computers 123 computers, care of 125 computers, preserving and updatingdata 123 condition, worked example 27 deballasting plan 114116 deballasting plan, to agree 145 deballasting programme 150,156 equipment required for planning 123 excessive, tanktop or hold 114 foreman, liaison with 158 instrument, using 125 interruption in 160 logs in the holds 230 manuals 125,135 manuals, contents of 126 manuals, deficiencies 126 must be stopped 92,159 or discharge, two-port, or two-berth 121 orders for 109 period 155-166 Plan 114 plan, departure from 160 planning the 109-122 ports, cement/grain 79 programme, trimming pours in the 118 programs, computerised 118 rate 157 rate, maximum theoretical 145 rates when starting an empty hold 345 restrictions and limitations 30 rotation 115,150 sequence 115,150,222 shoe 147 stop the 160 stop, in an emergency 147 system, sealed pneumatic 270 two-port or two-grade 116 Unloading Plan 150, 343 when the ship is too long for the berth 116 with ship's gear 159

Load Lines Convention 1966 41, 138 Loadline

hydrometer 299 Rules, limits 111

Loadport, general considerations at time of sailing 179

Local overloading 344

Log book 249 books 23-26 carrier casualties 230 carriers 229-232 marking paint 267

Logs 265,268 conventional round 267 preparations for loading 230

Loll, angle of 105 Longitudinal

strength 129 strength calculations 129 strength, simplified calculation 129 stresses, manual calculation 133 stresses, nature of 129 stresses, to reduce 114

Loss of power 198 Lowdensity cargoes 110 Lubrication, rules must be observed 314 Lumber 265

cargo, preslinging 266 carried on deck 105,266

packaged 266 Lump ore 257 Machinery

deck 80 spaces 12 spaces in freezing conditions 284

Main engine governor 212 Maintenance 31 1-324

basic rules 324 planning of 312 priorities 312 when overdue 311

Manager 175 Manhole covers, resealing 70 Manholes 9 Manifest, dangerous cargo 183 Manual on Loading and Unloading of Solid

Bulk Cargoes for Terminal Representatives 35 Marine Environment Protection Committee

(MEPC) 336 Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) 343 MARPOL regulations 37, 61, 240, 244, 307,

333,334,336,339 Massive tonnages of cargo, poured

at high speed 341 Master to receive maximum information 175 Master's

response sheet 182 responsibilities 20 role 161

Masters hesitate to forbid hammering 208 Masthouses 9 Mate's receipt 176 Material Safety Data Sheets 183 Maximum

loading rate 345 Mass Tables 263

Mean of mean draft 171 Measurement tons 268 Mechanical Equipment 299,301-310 Medical First Aid Guide for Use in Accidents

Involving Dangerous Goods (MFAG) 291 Metacentric height 103 Metal scrap in bulk . 31 Methane 221, 250

concentrations 254 forecast or detected 255

Mid ocean, ballast, changed 91 Midship Section 32 Minerals from South Africa 275 Mini-bulker(s) 3, 161, 226-228, 277

before 1998 226 berths 226 cargoes 226 discharging 227 geared, annual work plan 312 loading 227 loading calculations 226 loaded voyage 227 maintenance programmes 227 means of access 228

Minimum stability criteria 103, 127 Mistake in the tonnage loaded 158 Mobile cranes 302 Moisture

content 159 content, certificate of 181 excessive 157 in cargo spaces, sources of 190 limit, transportable 251

Moored with shore lines on shore winches 145

Mooring(s) arrangements for bulk carriers, typical 143 hoat 146 - ....

configurations, unusual

gang layouts, recommended lines lines, ship's must be tended mixed

8 THE NAUTICAL INSTITUTE

INDEX

requirements ropes, securing ropes, synthetic the normal rules winches wire

Movement book in a seaway

Mucking winches Mud, removal, by shovel and bucket Multi-gas monitor Multi-loader operations Multi-purpose ships Mushroom cowl Nautical Institute

Seaways The Nautical Institute The, guideline

Navigating bridge in freezing conditions view ahead

Navigational information Necking Needle Negative stability Nemag scissor gabs No damage certificate Notice of readiness Number of loading passes OBOs Oflhire Office, cargo and general Officer of the watch

duties routine duties for

Offshore transshipment Oil, leakage from hydraulic systems Oiling Oily wastes On-hire survey Open

bulk carriers hatch layout hatch vessels hatches at sea, rule never to

Operating and Equipment Manual Operation of the gates Operations Manuals Ore

/bulk/oil camers: (OBOs) cargo, benefits of trimming carriers /oil carriers: (0/0 carriers)

Origin, certificate of Overboard drain valves Overflow

Oil or ballast Overload cutouts Overloaded mcks, spillage from Ovemde keys Overshoes Owner's supercargo Owners

Oxygen analyser lack of monitor

P&I Club owner's should be informed surveyor

Packaged lumber timber on deck

Padeyes Paint

applying coating, touching-up compliance certificate sprayers surface preparation

system, correct 314 systems, different marine 315

Painting 312,314 Paintmark the holds prominently 206 Paintwork

reinforcing 315 renewing 316

Panamax bulkers 2,102, 162,277,301 Panting 197 Part-filled compartments

longitudinal CGs of 135 vertical CGs of 133

Pass 115 Patch load 264 Patent cable stocking 81 Pear links 267 Pebble plate 260 Pelican hook 267 Percentage error can be calculated 160 Period of roll 232 Periodical survey, conduct of 317 Permanent

hold lighting 217 washing installations 66

Permit(s) to work (PTW) 288 badly written 288

Personal Protective Equipment 163,262 Personnel 285 Pesticides, safe use of 289-291 Petrograd standard 268 pH readings 23 Photographs 209

digital 206 Phytosanitary certificate 180 Pig iron from Brazil 273 Pilot ladders, coated with ice 282 Pilotage 226 Pipe ducts 217 Pipe tunnels 231 Plan 33

Air, Sounding & Filling Pipes 34 Capacity 32 Cargo Washing and Drainage System 32 Docking 32 Fire and Safety 34 Fire protection 34 Fuel Oil Service System 34 General Arrangement 32 General Arrangement of Hatch Covers 34 Life-Saving Equipment 33 Mooring Arrangement 33 Natural Ventilation 33 Sealing Plan of Hatch Covers 34 Shell Expansion 33 Tank 32

Planned maintenance records, maintaining 311 system should be examined critically 311 system, restarting 311 systems 311,323

Planning for general cargo 281 general approach to 110 the task 313

Plans or drawings, ship's 31 Plastics 334 Plate Fields 263 Plywood 265,269 Pneumatic

grease 308 hammers, to vibrate the structure 207 hoses 203 loading systems, unsealed 270 spanners 309

Pollution 147 avoidance 159 risk 339

Polypropylene rope 267 Poop deck 12,13 Ports visited, 100 226 Port visits, a year, 200 221

Port captain 233 log 160,184 rotation, change of 121 State inspectors 311 normal practice in 161 ordered to leave 147

Portable fans 308 gas detectors 240 sump pumps 304

Position reports 213 Positive stability, substantial 211 Pounding 212 Pour(s) 114,115

trimming 117 Power tools 309 Powered reels, self-tensioning 150 Pre-arrival notice 195 Precautions, to prevent generation of gas 239 Preloading

survey certificate 175 surveys 155

Preparations for ballasting 89 Prevailing currents, winds and swell 188 Primary

barrier 342 hull structure, repairs to 325

Procedures and Arrangements Manual 240 Project cargoes 30,281 Propeller racing 212 Protest, subject of 156 Protests 24 Psychrometers 301

battery powered 301 PTW board 288 Pump

gauges 158 out unnecessary water 213

Pumping ballast 92 Quantity loaded in dispute 177 Quay

h e d structures near the edge 145 positions of structures on 145

Rail wagons 149, 151,154 Railcar dumper systems 154 Rain or snow 206 Raised forecastle 6 Receipt only 175 Reception facilities 333,335 Reclaimer 151 Recommendations for preventing damage,

Nautical Institute * 344 Records

which should be maintained 23 full, maintenance 21 maintenance of full written 160

Reduced port time 221 Reference books required 35 Refloating

a vessel after grounding 88 and departure, final 279

Regzna Oldendorffwith grain 247 Relative density 170,299 Repair(s) 325-329

arranging for 327 documents 326 list 330 permanent 208 specification, completion of 327,329 supervision of 328 temporary 208,327

Report positions daily 198,213 Reporting 198,213 Requirements, estimates, must be realistic 313 Respiratory protective equipment (RPE) 297 Retractable tweendeck vessels 232-233 Riding squads 328 Risk assessment process 287,297 Road trucks 149,151,154 Roll test 232

BULK U E R PRACTICE 509

Rolling, synchronous 198 Rope, long scopes are hazardous 163 Ropeway transportation system 151 Route

choice for the loaded voyage 187 to avoid troubles 187

RPE for use in spray painting 297 Run 115 Running before the swell 197 SaFe

access 201 depth below the keel 141 Loading and Unloading of Bulk Cargoes (BLU Code), The Code of Practice for 35 working load 322

Safer shipping, the path to 342 Safety

considerations 282, 287-298 equipment and clothing 297 equipment certificate, routine testing for 79 Management Certiiicate 323 management system (SMS) 133,163,287 Management System (SMS) audits 311 on deck in freezing conditions 285

Sag 114,119,120 allowance 111 will probably be reduced 119

Sagging 106 Sailing draft 142 Salt, cargo 70 Sand blasting machines 308 Saveds 75 Scaffolding 303

towers 307 Scaling 312 Scheduled services 233 Scupper plugs 159 Sea water sampling equipment 300 Sealing

of holds 24 tape, high adhesive plastic 56

Seaway, ship movement in 102 Secondary barrier 342 Securing

for sea 48,161 of general cargo 281

Security plan, ship's 339 Sediment

in ballast tanks 227 remover 98 removal 97

Self trimming 245 Self-unloader(s) 3, 221-226

ballast voyage 225 belt system 224 capital cost 221 cargoes 225 discharging 222 loaded voyage 222 maintenance 225

Self-unloading bulk carriers, gravity fed 251 Senhouse slip 228 Separation (S)

bulk cargo 273-277 by hold 276 fences 275 Japanese 277 material 183

Sequential method 103 Serious situation 23 Severe weather 23 Sewage 333 SF and BM, maximum permitted values 131 SF, diagram 131 Shear force curve 131 Shear forces 102

and bending moments, methods, for the calculation 129

longitudinal 129 Sh i ing

moments 137

510 THE NAUTICAL INSTITUTE

ship by warping 161 Ship

and shiploader, contact between 157 care for 206 essential information, for the berth

operators 149 handling 226 inspections 342 loaders 145 loaders, mechanical 147 moving violently 197 routeing services . 188,212 /Shore Safety Checklist 146,201,202,208,343 to blame for this damage 206 too large for the berth 161

Ship's classification society 208 constant 169,172,173,224,227 constant, calculation of l71 constant, record of values " 171 cranes 206 design loads 30 displacement 168 extreme dimensions 149

figure 173 prbage management plan 333 gear-two gantries 233 housekeeping 333-340 light weight 172,173 office 339 oil record book 333 safety and efficiency 209 sweat 190,191,192,262,269

Shipboard ,mq cranes 233 Shipmaster, performance of his ship 22 Shipper's Declaration 156,181 Ships which arrive partly loaded 151 Ships'

,mbs are clamshell 321 one- and two-hold 226 principal particulars 126

Shorebased methods of weighing 167 Short cycling l92 Shot 115 Side-to 145 Signing of documents 175 Silicon grease test 46 Silos 147,149,154 Simple

device, to find the actual water level 169 rule, always double check 344

Single skinned 1 Single-pull covers, connecting chains 54 Slaked lime 255 Slamming 212 Slop tanks 240 Sloshing 106,346

of ballast water 345 structural damage f?om 106

Smoke detecting system 78 routine testing 79

Smoking 297 prohibited 252 restrictions 241

Smothering system, fire 78 Snatch blocks 230 Snow or ice 339 Sockets, for stanchions 228 Sodium lauryl sulphate 70 SOLAS

Chapter XI1 343 Convention 1,27,35,37,85,99,110,113,

115, 138, 145, 155, 156, 181, 202, 226,252,256,257,259,343,344

rules on damage stability, 1998 226 authority of, to suspend loading 145

Sounding(s) 23, 75, 192-194, 196, 212, 279, 340 accurate stem trim is essential 92 bilge 346 complete set 169 direct, manual 158

false final from a gauge in 'empty' tanks, high interpretation of high pipe, blocked pipe, not blocked pipes pipes, bilge pipes, flushing of pipes, frozen 283 remote reading systems for 76

Sources of ignition, not permitted 252 SOx Emission Control Areas (SE*) 336 Space

enclosed, unventilated 288 for cargo is diminished 232 remaining 161

Spare parts caring for 313 management of 313 ordering 313 reconditioning 314

Special areas 333 requirements for particular cargoes 161

Specialised tement ship, hold cleaning 272 Specific ,mvity 170,299 Speed

in adverse weather 345 reduction of 25 per cent 197

Speedlashing 228 Spillage should be landed 335 Spinning head 147 Splashback 65 Spray foam equipment 66 Spray foam systems 307 Springing 103,345 Spurling pipes 339 Squat 106

estimation chart 107 Stability 103

a brief explanation 27 abbreviations 123 and smess calculations-options 133 'Booklet' 26

125 booklet, approved calculation-practical considerations 133 # calculation, simplified 137

345 ii information

26 ; l

Information Manual / 1 insufiicient positive 105, 114 information, simplified 127 manual 103 tables, extrapolation * 27 when loading a cargo of logs 231 when loading or discharging grain 246

11 l i i

Stable ship 103 Stacker 151

reclaimer, combination 154 228

1 Stanchions, vertical steel Star lstind 233 Statement of Facts 24,184 Statical stability curve 103

worked example of construction and use Steel 258-263

cargoes 345 261

1 cargoes, clausing of Bs/L cargoes, discharge 262 cargo documents 261 cargoes, hold cleaning after the discharge 263 cargoes, removal of lashings 262

cargoes, rusting 259

cargoes, securing 260

coil loadings, permissible 263 coil, loading per dunnage 263

coils 30, 187,263265 coils are often 25 tonne and 1.2m in len,@ 263 coils, carriage of 31 coils, dunnage beneath 264 coils, lashed with wire ropes 265 coils of several different sizes 263

INDEX

debris in the cargo 222 finished products 258 handling damage 259 hold preparation 260 if fork-lift trucks are to be used 260 lashings 261 loaded voyage 261 loading and stowage 260 preshipment survey 260 products, cold rolled 259 products, damage 258 products, hot rolled 259 products, planning the loading 259 products, records to be maintained 262 products, ventilation 262

Steel-tosteel contact 44,51 Stepped down 281 Stevedore damage 16

final inspection for 208 finding 208 suspected 209 third class of 209

Stevedores' damage 202,206,344 damage form 185,161 damage report 209 damage, final inspection for 208 time sheet 185

StX 196 ship 103

Stockpile, in the open 159 Stockpiles 149,151 Stool spaces 13 Stop, reason for the 161 Stoppages 24 Stores

cranes 13 management programmes 314 paint and gas bottle 12

Stow of logs 230 Stowage

factors 111, 161,267,268 of general cargo 281 plan 150,183

Strapping bands, flat metal 265,281 Strength, seakeeping 101 Strengthened to load dense cargoes 217 Stress

concentrations 197 highest levels of 103 limits, not exceeded 202

Stresses excessive local 101 longitudinal and slamming 103

Stnker plate 68 Striking

plate 86 the steelwork causes long-term damage 208

Stripping 158 ballast 93 final 161 line 86

P U P 86,158 Strippings 88 Structural elements, naming of 329 Structure, monitoring of 329 Strum box 75 Sub-chartering 16 Suction unloader 250 Sulphur 70 Sulphuric acid 251

Sump Pump 220 portable 304

Superficial moisture 256 Supramax 2 Survey

delivery and redelivery 21 record 24

SW monsoon 188

Sweat cargo 190,191,262 ship's 190,191, 192,262,269

Sweepings 61,339 Swell

can be seen on the radar 197 beam-on to a steep 103 on the quarter 197

Systems are operational, ensuing 73-84 Taint by smell 66 Take the ground 226 Taking

the bottom, stability and trim 278 the ground in the berth 277-279

Tallyclerk's office 12 Tallying of number of grabloads 167 Talik

calibration tables 31,135 gauges 3 86 hold washing water 217

Tanks, ballast, patching of leaks 98 hosing of 97 topside and peak 92

Tanktop 9 area 273 loadings 259 loadings, maximum permissible 101 loadings are not excessive 113

TD15s 232 Telnes, ship's particulars 222 Temporary repair made 209 Tender 196

ship 103 Terminal

operators 141 representative, liaison with 202

Test the alarm, routinely 227 Testing of any systems 24 The Nautical Institute 114,287,345 The Nautical Institute's Bulk Carrier

Working Group 344 Thermometers 76 Thickness measurements, record of 342 Three categories, damage 325 Three-degree rule 192 Threshold limit value (TLV) 291 Tidal range 142 Tighten dogs regularly 339 Timber

and lumber, loadings procedures 266 Deck Cargo Code, The 27,31,35,37,231 deck cargoes 228 loading, planning of 138 lumber and logs, volume of 267 sawn 265 stability 138 stability calculation flow chart 136 stability criteria not satisfied 139 stanchions 228 trade unit sizes 267

Time charterered and sub chartered 176 charters 15 when each pour will finish 158

Tippler system 154 Tonnage

distribution 112 distribution, guidelines for amending 114 distribution, reasons to amend 114 maximum 113 of steel coils which can be carried 263 of water discharged 194 on the belt 147

Tonnages delivered, monitoring of 160 Topside

ballast tanks 87 tanks 12 tanks for carriage of grain 88 tanks, integrated ss

Torsional loads 203

Torsional stresses 197 Trade sanctions, certificate of compliance

with exemptions 181 Transhipment 180 Transportable moisture limits, certificate of 181 Triangle, solid equilateral 110 Trim

by the head 1.14, 187 by the head, to reduce 114 by the stem, increase 114 cargo reasonably level 345 correction by ship's tables l71 excessive 173 for the loaded voyage 187

Trimmed ends 246 Trimmers 205 Trimming 205

certificate 185 during discharge 147 grabs 321 hatches 14 in marginal conditions 119 methods of 147 PO- 117-119, 161 pours, implementation of the 118 to provide a level stow 161

Tropical storm 115 Trough, turning through the 213 Truck bundled packages 268 Turn around room 271 Turnbuckles 228,231,267 Turning through the trough 198 TV, closed circuit 195 Tweendecks, in two alternative modes 232 Twisting

of the hull girder 203 of the ship 117

Two parcels, in the same hold 206 Type Approval Certificate 123 Ullage (S) 161

tank and bilge 75 Ultrasonic test 46,260 UN approval certificate 181 UN code for draft surveys l70 Under deck passageways 267 Unified requirements 342 Uniform Hold Loading Condition 102 United

Nations draft survey code 168 States 336 States' National Cargo Bureau 137

Unloaders continuous mechanical 149 grab 149 pneumatic suction 149 suction 149

Unloading/ballasting plan 121 Unsafe cargoes 298 Unstable

condition 105 ship 103

Untrimmed end capacities 246 heeling moments 246

Upper deck 9 Upsetting moments 137 Vacuvators 149, 206,250 Vapour phase inhibitor (WI) tablets 240 Ventilating bulk cargoes, reasons for 190 Ventilation 23,215,249,266

enforced shut-down 254 for a cargo under fumigation 291 forced draught 190 general guidelines 192 mechanical 189 must eliminate sweating 270 natural 190 negative 251 negative pressure 221 positive 251 positive pressure 221

BULK CARRIER PRACTICE 51 1

practice shall be stopped for standard period through :ntilator(s) cowls, portable fans means of closing mushroom portable surface :rtical screw conveyors :ssel aground kept upright required to shift :ssel's lightweight brate the ship's steelwork .ew from the navigating bridge sibility ahead LBCs Ilume cargo ~lumetric heeling moments

'yage charters estimate instructions interruptions limiting point orders, charterers' orders, owners' records with logs on deck 'alkwap temporary 'alkways, underdeck 'arp the ship hrping from one berth to the next general remarks within the berth 'ashing holds machine, high-pressure

machines in combination carriers 240 machines, heavy-duty futed 305 machines, heavy-duty portable 305 machines, lightweight high-pressure 307 of holds at sea 66 the ship 212 within port limits 66

Wastage, monitoring of 329 Waste(s)

disposal of 333 materials, containers 13 putting ashore 336 putting overboard at sea 335 reception facilities 14

Water absorption 138 ballast, carried symmetrically 203 can be retained 220 cannon 64 density L? 170 guns installed 65 in holds 340 in masthouses, deck stores and

accommodation 340 in the forecastle space 339 Ingress Detection Systems (WIDS) 194, 287 ingress detectors 7, 12, 75, 193,

217,340,346 keeping out 339 on the hatch covers 202 removed, tonnage of 194 sampling 170 washing, when changing to dry cargo 239

Watertight doors 339 Watemghmess 41

of the hatch covers, testing 46 Wave

excited hull vibration 103 height, significant 196 period, mean 196

Weakness in ship design detail 342 Weather

forecasts effects of exceptional must be observed observations routeing services working cargo in adverse

Weathertightness Weighbridge

weighing of trucks on Weight (S)

and quality, certificate of and quantity unknown guidelines, when redistributing keep to a minimum miscellaneous of logs on board

Whilst deballasting, importance of methodical approach

Whipping Whirling psychrometer Whitewash Wiggle wires W~nches Windlasses

hauling power of Wing ballast tanks Wire ropes

condition of with fibre tail

Without prejudice Woodchips Woodpulp Work

of crew members hours of programme, planning in advance started, times

World seaborne trade Worst condition Wrapped packages

12 THE NAUTICAL INSTITUTE