The Nervous System (Response) · chondrichthyes-class-vertebrata-phylum.jpeg Key Characteristics: •Lack true bone •Skeleton made out of cartilage •Have tough scales Step Up:

The Nervous System

(Response)

By: Brian Trinh, Michael

Ellenwood, Billy Barbanica, and

Ray Martinetto

Nervous SystemPhylum Porifera

Phylum Cnidaria

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Phylum Annelida

Phylum Molluska

Phylum Echinodermata

Phylum Arthropoda

Phylum Chondrichthyes

Phylum Aves

Phylum Reptilia

Phylum Osteichthyes

Phylum Amphibia

You Will Learn: The structures that are responsible for senses, reflexes and behavior.

Phylum PoriferaWhat structures are responsible for senses, reflexes, and behavior?

Answer: They have no nervous system and little capacity to respond to

environmental changes.

http://www.sfu.ca/~fankbone/v/spongestructure.jpg

http://www.occc.edu/biologylabs/Images/Porifera_Cnidaria/sponge%20copy.JPG

Key Characteristics:

• Multi-cellular

• Lack cell walls

• Lack true tissue &

organs

• No body

Starting Point: The simplest of all

species, they have very little ability to

respond to the changes around them.

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Phylum CnidariaWhat structures are responsible for sense, reflexes, and behavior?

Answer: Some specialized sensory cells, nerve cells in nerve net, eye spots made of light-detecting cells. They also have statocysts, which help it determine up and down.

http://www.esu.edu/~milewski/intro_biol_two/lab_9_porifera_cnidaria/images/hydrozoan_medusa_dia

gram.jpg

http://english.pravda.ru/img/idb/photo/1194883457_meduzy_06.jpg


• Aquatic

• Simplest animal to have

specialized tissue

• Tentacles have stinging

cells

Step Up: Class Cnidaria has sensory, nerve,

and light-detecting cells that phylum Porifera does

not.

Pictures of Cnidaria at the Fitzgerald

Marine Reserve

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Key Characteristics:Soft worms with tissues and internal organ systems.

Have three embryonic germ layers, bilateral symmetry, and cephalization

Are acoelomates

What structures are responsible for senses, reflexes, and behavior?

Answer: Several ganglia connected by nerve cords that run through the body,

along with eyespots and other specialized sensory cells; they are parasitic

with a simple nervous system.

http://www.kingsnake.com/westindian/platyhelminthes2.JPG

Same Level: Platyhelmithes

have developed sensory cells that

allow it to adapt to their

environment, like phylum Cnidaria.

http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/zoology/biologicaldiverstity/AnimalsI/flatworm.gif

Phylum Annelida

Key Characteristics:Are coelomate protostome worms

Bodies are composed of segments

Segments are separated by internal partitions

Digestive system has two openings


Answer: Nervous system includes a rudimentary brain and several nerve

cords; sense organs best-developed in free living saltwater species.

http://plpnemweb.ucdavis.edu/Nemaplex/images/Annelida1.gif

Same Level: Annelids have

about the same advancements in

their nervous systems as

Platyhelminthes.

http://www. edu/itc/cerc/danoff-burg/invasion_bio/inv_spp_summ/worm_lumbricus.jpg

columbia.

Poriferia

Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Annelida

Stair Step Diagram

Phylum Molluska

Key Characteristics: Have soft bodies with a muscular foot

Body forms vary greatly

Possess a hard shell secreted by the mantle

Are coelomate protostomes


Answer: Complexity of nervous system varies greatly; they are extremely

simple in clams, but complex in some octopi. Octopi have excellent eyes and

human-sized brains. 3/5 of its nerves are distributed through its eight arms.

http://static.open.salon.com/files/octopus1244124973.jpg

Step Up: While clams are simple,

some mollusks like octopi have complex

nervous systems that are far more

complicated than phylum Annelida.

http://wwwbio200.nsm.buffalo.edu/labs/tutor/Clam/Clam04N.jpg

Phylum Echinodermata

Key Characteristics: Marine animals with spiny skin

Tube feet with suction-cuplike ends

Exhibit 5-part radial symmetry


Answer: They have a minimal nervous system, their nerve rings are

connected to their body sections, and they have scattered sensory cells that

detect light.

Step Down: Echinoderms have a far

simpler nervous system than mollusks

and they only have scattered sensory

cells.



http://starfish.k12.ar.us/starfish.jpg

Pictures of Echinoderms at the Fitzgerald

Marine Reserve

Phylum ArthropodaWhat structures are responsible for senses, reflexes, and behavior?

Answer: Well-developed nervous system with brain and sophisticated sense organs allow it to adapt to their environment. Some arthropods, like crabs, have feelers that allow it to detect what is in front of them.

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_e-

mPA_6ZQyg/RvXm1hqUXWI/AAAAAAAAECU/x_dL_gzbp7Q/s400/anatomy_dorsal1.gif

http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/966/40019352.JPG


• Segmented bodies and

jointed appendages

• Tough exoskeleton

• Coelomate protosomes

Step Up: Class Arthropoda has a well-developed brain and

sense organs that echinoderms do not.



Phylum Chordata, Class ChondrichthyesWhat structures are responsible for senses, reflexes, and behavior?

Answer: They have a brain with many parts and highly developed sense organs, which includes a lateral line system. A lateral system is used to detect motion and vibration in surrounding water.

http://image.tutorvista.com/content/diversity-living-organisms/scoliodon-cartilaginous-fish-of-

chondrichthyes-class-vertebrata-phylum.jpeg


• Lack true bone

•Skeleton made out of

cartilage

• Have tough scales

Step Up: Class Chondrichthyes has a well-developed brain

and a lateral line system that helps it thrive in the water.



Molluska

Stair Step Diagram

Echinodermata

Arthropoda

Chondrichthyes

Phylum Chordata, Class OsteichthyesWhat structures are responsible for senses, reflexes, and behavior?

Answer: Similar to class Chondrichthyes, they have a well-developed brain with good sense organs, which includes the lateral line system that helps it detect motion and vibration in the water.

http://pond.dnr.cornell.edu/nyfish/salmonidae/rainbow_trout.jpg


• True bone vertebrae

•Have little cartilage

• Developed sense

organs

Same Level: The nervous system of class Osteichthyes is

very similar to Chondrichthyes.


are needed to see this picture.QuickTime™ and a

decompressorare needed to see this picture.

http://www.neurodvpmt.univ-montp2.fr/model/truite.jpg

Phylum Chordata, Class Amphibia


Live in water as larve

Live on land as adults

Adults breathe with lungs

Have moist skin

What structures are responsible for senses, reflexes and behavior?

Answer: Well-developed nervous and sensory systems; organs

include protective nictitating membrane over moveable eyes;

tympanic membranes; lateral line system.

Step Up: Class Amphibian has well-developed nervous and sensory

systems that class Osteichthyes does not, such as a lateral line system.

http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/files/imagecache/news/files/20070507_frog.jpg

http://www.uoguelph.ca/zoology/devobio/miller/brainfig7-10.gif

Phylum Chordata, Class Reptilia

Ectothermic vertebrates

Dry, scaly skin

Lungs and amniotic eggs

Living descendants of one dinosaur

group


Answer: Brain; well-developed senses including infrared detectors that

can spot warm-bodied prey in the dark.


Step Up: Class Reptilia has well-developed and unique senses

such as infrared detectors that class Amphibia does not have.


http://digital-desert.com/wildlife/snakes/320-snake-gopher-snake-5176.jpg













Phylum Chordata, Class Aves


• Endothermic reptiles with feathers

and hard-shelled eggs

• Descended from dinosaurs

• Birds have two scaly legs and front

limbs modified into wings

• Enables most species to fly


Answer: Brain with large optic lobes and enlarged cerebellum;

highly evolved sense organs including eyes that can see

ultraviolet light.

http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGS/Shared/StaticFiles/animals/images/primary/ostrich.jpg

http://faculty.evansville.edu/de3/b10802/PPoint/Aves/sld014.htm

Same Level: Class Aves has an enlarged cerebellum and eyes that

can see ultraviolet light, giving it unique senses like class Reptilia.


Stair Step Diagram

Osteichthyes

Amphibia

Reptilia Aves

Conclusion

While phylums like Porifera cannot respond to their

environment, that doesn’t mean that they are inferior

phylums. Each phylum adapts to their environment and

develops senses that allow it to survive. As the phylums

get more complex, you can see that phylums like

Echinodermata and Chondrichthyes develop sensory

cells that help it detect light and detect motion around

them. Aves and Reptilia develop extraordinary senses,

such as infrared detectors and the ability to see

ultraviolet light. That shows how animals have some

senses that are even superior to humans.

Works Citedhttp://www.sfu.ca/~fankbone/v/spongestructure.jpg

http://www.occc.edu/biologylabs/Images/Porifera_Cnidaria/sponge%20copy.JPG

http://www.esu.edu/~milewski/intro_biol_two/lab_9_porifera_cnidaria/images/hydrozoan_medusa_diagram.jpg

http://english.pravda.ru/img/idb/photo/1194883457_meduzy_06.jpg

http://www.kingsnake.com/westindian/platyhelminthes2.JPG

http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/zoology/biologicaldiverstity/AnimalsI/flatworm.gif

http://www. edu/itc/cerc/danoff-burg/invasion_bio/inv_spp_summ/worm_lumbricus.jpg columbia.

http://plpnemweb.ucdavis.edu/Nemaplex/images/Annelida1.gif

http://wwwbio200.nsm.buffalo.edu/labs/tutor/Clam/Clam04N.jpg

http://static.open.salon.com/files/octopus1244124973.jpghttp://2.bp.blogspot.com/_e-mPA_6ZQyg/RvXm1hqUXWI/AAAAAAAAECU/x_dL_gzbp7Q/s400/anatomy_dorsal1.gif


http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/files/imagecache/news/files/20070507_frog.jpg

http://www.uoguelph.ca/zoology/devobio/miller/brainfig7-10.gif



http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGS/Shared/StaticFiles/animals/images/primary/ostrich.jpg


http://pond.dnr.cornell.edu/nyfish/salmonidae/rainbow_trout.jpg

http://www.neurodvpmt.univ-montp2.fr/model/truite.jpg

http://image.tutorvista.com/content/diversity-living-organisms/scoliodon-cartilaginous-fish-of-chondrichthyes-class-

vertebrata-phylum.jpeg

http://starfish.k12.ar.us/starfish.jpg

Documents

The Nervous System (Response) · chondrichthyes-class-vertebrata-phylum.jpeg Key Characteristics: •Lack true bone •Skeleton made out of cartilage •Have tough scales Step Up: