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The Ocean Depths! (1) Wooooo - Boogey - Boogey!

The Ocean Depths! (1) Wooooo - Boogey - Boogey!. Areas of the Deep Sea

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The Ocean Depths! (1)

Wooooo - Boogey - Boogey!

Areas of the Deep Sea

How Surface Water Masses Reach The Bottom

near Greenland

Near the Antarctic

“Thermohaline Circulation”

The Great Ocean Conveyor Belt

The Mesopelagic

The Twilight Zone

Deep Sea Life Is Closely Correlated With Plankton Abundance And Light Intensity

Bottom of Mesopelagic Zone – No Light exists

here

Thermocline

The Mesopelagic – Home Of The Oxygen Minimum Zone

Mesopelagic

Food Sources in the Deep Sea

A Few Mesopelagic Critters …

Mesopelagic Crustaceans

krillOpossum

shrimp

true (decapod) shrimp

A Very Large Ostracod or Seed Shrimp – This One is 1 cm in

Length

Mesopelagic Squid Showing Photophores

Photophores, or light organs, are characteristic of many animals in the mesopelagic – they are active

in bioluminescence

Vampire Squid Exhibiting Photophores

Typical Mesopelagic Fishes

hatchetfishlanternfish

longnose

lancetfish

pacific viperfish

barracudina

dragonfish

Adaptations of Mesopelagic Fishes

Small body size – limited food supply Large mouths hinged to disarticulate Generalized omnivores with abundant, long,

sharp teeth Feeding habits – migrators and non-migrators Sense organs – tubular eyes with 2 retinas; well-

developed lateral lines

Adaptations Con’t.: Coloration and Body Shape

Countershading Transparency – especially in upper areas

of mesopelagic Lateral compression of the body Photophores and Bioluminescence

Bioluminescent Mesopelagic Fish

Mesopelagic Fishes – Vertical Migrators vs. Non-Migrators

Lanternfishes Dragonfishes

An Adaptation for Large Prey – Hinged Jaws!

Opportunists of the Deep

Viper fish Rattrap fish

Convergent Evolution of Tubular Eyes in Mesopelagic Organisms

Midwater fish - Scopelarchus

Deep-Sea Octopus

Krill – bilobed eye

The Field Of Vision Of A Typical Mesopelagic Fish

Having Photophores Is Adaptive !

Squid Without Photophores

Squid With Photophores

Cross-Section of a Krill’s Photophore

The Ocean Depths! (2)

Wooooo - Boogey - Boogey!

Below the Mesopelagic – The World of Perpetual Darkness

Below this zone which stops at about 1,000 meters is the:

Bathypelagic - 1,000 to 4,000 meters Abyssopelagic - 4,000 to 6,000 meters Hadopelagic – below 6,000 meters and

into the trenches

The Bathypelagic – Home Of Perpetual Darkness

Mesopelagic

Bathypelagic

(upper reaches)

Adaptations of Deep-Sea Pelagic Fishes

An Anglerfish

Adaptations In Two Closely Related Bristlemouth Fishes

Some Deep-Sea Fishes

Anglerfish

Note very small, parasitic male

Swallower

Gulper

The Problem Of Finding A Mate …

Produce light ! (bioluminescence) Produce an odor ! (pheromones) Be a parasite and attach to the other sex ! Be a hermaphrodite and say “to heck with

it” !

Fish Life On the Floor

The Deep Ocean Floor

Characteristics Of Fish From Different Depths Of The Pelagic

Anatomy Of The Giant Hydrothermal-Vent Tube Worm

Sampling Methods for the Mesopelagic and Beyond …

A Remote-Controlled Midwater Trawl

The Chambered Nautilus – A Relic Species From The Past