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The Paragraph Writing Strategy
Topic Sentence
Detail Sentences
Clincher
Parts of a BODY Paragraph
3 Types of Topic Sentences
GENERAL
CLUEING ALL THREE STATE THESPECIFIC MAIN IDEA
The Job of a TOPIC SENTENCE
Cue Card #3
States the Main Idea of the paragraph
andGets the reader’s
attention
What does a Topic Sentence Do?
Have you ever watched the two minute coming attractions of a movie?
Why do they show it?
How do they hope you will feel?
What do they hope you will do?
Why don’t they just show all of the movie?
How is a Topic Sentence like the coming attractions?
General Topic Sentences
The literary element of foreshadowing plays an important role in “Charles” by Shirley Jackson.
STATES THE MAIN IDEA
Describe the foreshadowing in
“Charles” by Shirley Jackson.
More General Topic Sentences
Lynbrook Middle School is a Long Island public school with state of the art technology.
Sachem teams have a difficult time winning their games, but Lynbrook teams do not.
A CLUEING Topic Sentence States the Main Idea
andGives a clue.
Clue WordsMany Various Differences
Several Classes Similarities
A number of Categories Advantages
Number (“Three”) Groups Disadvantages
Kinds Steps Jobs
Types Stages Uses
Parts Ways Causes
Elements Roles Effects
Pieces Features Reasons
Members Examples Sources
Divisions Characteristics Products
Components Functions Variety
Different Assortment
Similar Multitude
Different
Clueing Topic Sentences
STATES THE MAIN IDEA&
GIVES A CLUE
There are several examples of the literary element of foreshadowing which plays an important role in “Charles” by Shirley Jackson.
More CLUEING Topic Sentences
Lynbrook Middle School is a Long Island public school with many examples of state of the art technology.
Sachem teams have a difficult time winning their games, but Lynbrook teams, for several reasons, do not.
A SPECIFIC Topic SentenceStates the Main Idea
andGives specific Details
Specific Topic Sentences
STATES THE MAIN IDEA&
GIVES SPECIFIC DETAILS
The literary element of foreshadowing, illustrated through Laurie’s behavior at home, his transparent lies, and his obvious enjoyment in telling stories about Charles, plays an important role in “Charles” by Shirley Jackson.
More SPECIFIC Topic Sentences
Lynbrook Middle School is a Long Island public school with state of the art technology in computers, Starboards, and wireless Internet.
Sachem teams have a difficult time winning their games, but Lynbrook teams, because of their unstoppable, talented athletes and talented coaches, do not.
STATES THE MAIN IDEA&
GIVES SPECIFIC DETAILS
Topic Sentence
Detail Sentences
Clincher
Parts of a BODY Paragraph
Detail Sentence
Discusses one of the details in the paragraph…
Gives an answer
with supporting details.
2 Types of Detail Sentences
Lead-off
Follow-up
Cue Card #23
Lead-off Sentence
• Introduces a new detail (an answer)
• Follows a logical sequence• Contains a transition
The Lead-Off
In particular, at home Laurie is extremely rude to his parents and sister.
TS
The literary element of foreshadowing, illustrated through Laurie’s behavior at home, his transparent lies, and his obvious enjoyment in telling stories about Charles, plays an important role in “Charles” by Shirley Jackson.
Detail Sentence Sequences• Size Sequence
• Time Sequence
• Space Sequence
• Importance Sequence
• Chain-Link Sequence
Details need to be
logicallySEQUENCED
and usingTRANSITIONS
Size Transitions
The largest Larger than The smallest The small-sized The tallestThe next largest Equal to The next smallest The medium-sized The shortestThe smallest Smaller than The largest The large-sized
Time Transitions
First, Now At the beginning of Before By this time Thereafter,Then, Soon In the middle of In the meantime At the same time, PresentlyNext, Then At the end of During At that instant, After a short timeAt last, Later Meanwhile After Soon thereafter, Immediately,
Afterwards Simultaneously,
First, In the morning, Yesterday, The firstSecond, Before noon, Today, A more recentThird, In the afternoon, Tomorrow, The most recentFinally, In the evening, The day after tomorrow,
In the past, The next day, This year, The earliestIn the present, Two weeks later, Next year, The next earliestIn the future, Six months later, In the next few years, The most recent
Transitions Chart
Cue Card #30
Space Transitions
Behind On the edge of Beside In front West of High
Over Toward Around Facing East of Against
Under Throughout Near back of North of Alongside
Below To the right of Side by side In the center South of Ahead of
Beneath To the left of Close to Inside At the Here
Low down On top of Next to Outside In There
On the bottom At the top Down At the end of On Beyond
On the corner By Up Between Above Farther on
Importance Transitions
The best The most important The first The best
The next best Equally important More important than The next best
The least best The next most important Most important The worst
The least important
Transitions Chart (cont.)
Cue Card #30
Chain-Link Transitions
On the one hand, One example of In the first place, In other words The firstOn the other hand, For instance, In the second place, In fact, The second
Another example, In the third place, Also, The thirdAgain, A further example,Besides, For example,Moreover, For another example, One Because First,
Another Since Second,Still another A further As third,In addition, Further, Still, Specifically,In the same way, Furthermore, While More specifically,In fact, Instead In particular,
The opposite of _ is_ Additionally,On the contrary side Lastly, The last Indeed, As a result,To the contrary, Similar to _ is_ Last Although Consequently,In contrast, Another similar _ is_ Even though Naturally,In spite of Likewise, Nevertheless, Even if After all,Despite the Similarly, Nonetheless,
A dissimilar _ is_
Concluding Transitions
To conclude, In summary, To sum up, As you can see,In conclusion, In sum, To summarize, As a result,
In brief, Thus, Finally,In short, Therefore,
Transitions Chart (cont.)
Cue Card #30
The Lead-Off
In particular, at home Laurie is extremely rude to his parents and sister.
The literary element of foreshadowing, illustrated through Laurie’s behavior at home, his transparent lies, and his obvious enjoyment in telling stories about Charles, plays an important role in “Charles” by Shirley Jackson.
Follow-Up
Provides more information
about the detail.
The literary element of foreshadowing, illustrated through Laurie’s behavior at home, his transparent lies, and his obvious enjoyment in telling stories about Charles, plays an important role in “Charles” by Shirley Jackson. In particular, Laurie is extremely rude to his parents and sister.
After arriving home from his very first day of school, he slams the door and shouts. He continues being rude by calling his father “you old dust mop,” and purposely spilling his sister’s milk.
F
The Paragraph Express
Cue Card #26
L F F F FL LTopic Sentence
Which Point of View?
1 2
3
Pick it and stick
to it.
Pronouns Referring to…
• First person – The writer __________________• Second person – The reader
________________________• Third person- The others
________________________
I, We
You, (You)
He, She, They, Things
Tenses
Cue Card #38
Pick it and Stick
To it
Pick itandstick
toit.
Tense ChartTense VerbPast painted
was paintinghad painted
Present is paintingpaints
Future will paintshall paint
Cue Card #38
Detail Sentence’s 5 Requirements
1. Must contain related Information2. Must be in a logical sequence3. Must include a transition when it introduces
a new detail4. Must be written from the same (and
appropriate) point of view5. Must be written in the same (and appropriate
) verb tense
University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning 2006
PLAN IT.
358
BODY
Multi-Paragraphs
Topic Sentence
Detail Sentences
Clincher
Parts of a BODY Paragraph
Types of Clincher Sentences
General Clincher Sentence
Clueing Clincher Sentence
Specific Clincher Sentence
Cue Card #47
Concluding Transitions
Words that tell the reader that the paragraph is finished.
Thus,Therefore
Finally,As a result,
General Clincher Sentence
• Summarizes the main idea of the paragraph.
• Makes the reader think more about the topic
Cue Card #48
GENERAL CLINCHER SENTENCE
Makes your reader dive into deeper thinking on the topic. Therefore, isn’t it obvious to Laurie’s parents that something is just not right, and do they refuse to see the obvious?
CLUEING CLINCHER
Ties everything up neatly with a clueing word
In other words, there is a variety of hints in the story which leads the reader to believe that Laurie is really “Charles.”
SPECIFIC CLINCHER SENTENCE
Like a Quarterback, repeat the count on which the ball will be snapped.
Thus, Laurie’s raucous behavior at home, transparent lies, and glee in telling stories about Charles foreshadows that Laurie is “Charles. “
Whole ParagraphsSEQUENTIAL- describing details in a
story (a Narrative) or step-by-step manner
DESCRIPTIVEEXPOSITORY- Giving facts, reasons, or
examplesCOMPARE and CONTRAST
Set up a diagram
Create the title
Reveal the topic
Iron out the details
Bind it together with a clincher
Edit your work
Steps for Writing a Paragraph