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The Paragraph Writing Strategy

The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

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Page 1: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

The Paragraph Writing Strategy

Page 2: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

Topic Sentence

Detail Sentences

Clincher

Parts of a BODY Paragraph

Page 3: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

3 Types of Topic Sentences

GENERAL

CLUEING ALL THREE STATE THESPECIFIC MAIN IDEA

Page 4: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

The Job of a TOPIC SENTENCE

Cue Card #3

States the Main Idea of the paragraph

andGets the reader’s

attention

Page 5: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

What does a Topic Sentence Do?

Have you ever watched the two minute coming attractions of a movie?

Why do they show it?

How do they hope you will feel?

What do they hope you will do?

Why don’t they just show all of the movie?

How is a Topic Sentence like the coming attractions?

Page 6: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

General Topic Sentences

The literary element of foreshadowing plays an important role in “Charles” by Shirley Jackson.

STATES THE MAIN IDEA

Describe the foreshadowing in

“Charles” by Shirley Jackson.

Page 7: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

More General Topic Sentences

Lynbrook Middle School is a Long Island public school with state of the art technology.

Sachem teams have a difficult time winning their games, but Lynbrook teams do not.

Page 8: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

A CLUEING Topic Sentence States the Main Idea

andGives a clue.

Page 9: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

Clue WordsMany Various Differences

Several Classes Similarities

A number of Categories Advantages

Number (“Three”) Groups Disadvantages

Kinds Steps Jobs

Types Stages Uses

Parts Ways Causes

Elements Roles Effects

Pieces Features Reasons

Members Examples Sources

Divisions Characteristics Products

Components Functions Variety

Different Assortment

Similar Multitude

Different

Page 10: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

Clueing Topic Sentences

STATES THE MAIN IDEA&

GIVES A CLUE

There are several examples of the literary element of foreshadowing which plays an important role in “Charles” by Shirley Jackson.

Page 11: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

More CLUEING Topic Sentences

Lynbrook Middle School is a Long Island public school with many examples of state of the art technology.

Sachem teams have a difficult time winning their games, but Lynbrook teams, for several reasons, do not.

Page 12: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

A SPECIFIC Topic SentenceStates the Main Idea

andGives specific Details

Page 13: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

Specific Topic Sentences

STATES THE MAIN IDEA&

GIVES SPECIFIC DETAILS

The literary element of foreshadowing, illustrated through Laurie’s behavior at home, his transparent lies, and his obvious enjoyment in telling stories about Charles, plays an important role in “Charles” by Shirley Jackson.

Page 14: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

More SPECIFIC Topic Sentences

Lynbrook Middle School is a Long Island public school with state of the art technology in computers, Starboards, and wireless Internet.

Sachem teams have a difficult time winning their games, but Lynbrook teams, because of their unstoppable, talented athletes and talented coaches, do not.

STATES THE MAIN IDEA&

GIVES SPECIFIC DETAILS

Page 15: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

Topic Sentence

Detail Sentences

Clincher

Parts of a BODY Paragraph

Page 16: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

Detail Sentence

Discusses one of the details in the paragraph…

Gives an answer

with supporting details.

Page 17: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

2 Types of Detail Sentences

Lead-off

Follow-up

Cue Card #23

Page 18: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

Lead-off Sentence

• Introduces a new detail (an answer)

• Follows a logical sequence• Contains a transition

Page 19: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

The Lead-Off

In particular, at home Laurie is extremely rude to his parents and sister.

TS

The literary element of foreshadowing, illustrated through Laurie’s behavior at home, his transparent lies, and his obvious enjoyment in telling stories about Charles, plays an important role in “Charles” by Shirley Jackson.

Page 20: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

Detail Sentence Sequences• Size Sequence

• Time Sequence

• Space Sequence

• Importance Sequence

• Chain-Link Sequence

Details need to be

logicallySEQUENCED

and usingTRANSITIONS

Page 21: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

Size Transitions

The largest Larger than The smallest The small-sized The tallestThe next largest Equal to The next smallest The medium-sized The shortestThe smallest Smaller than The largest The large-sized

Time Transitions

First, Now At the beginning of Before By this time Thereafter,Then, Soon In the middle of In the meantime At the same time, PresentlyNext, Then At the end of During At that instant, After a short timeAt last, Later Meanwhile After Soon thereafter, Immediately,

Afterwards Simultaneously,

First, In the morning, Yesterday, The firstSecond, Before noon, Today, A more recentThird, In the afternoon, Tomorrow, The most recentFinally, In the evening, The day after tomorrow,

In the past, The next day, This year, The earliestIn the present, Two weeks later, Next year, The next earliestIn the future, Six months later, In the next few years, The most recent

Transitions Chart

Cue Card #30

Page 22: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

Space Transitions

Behind On the edge of Beside In front West of High

Over Toward Around Facing East of Against

Under Throughout Near back of North of Alongside

Below To the right of Side by side In the center South of Ahead of

Beneath To the left of Close to Inside At the Here

Low down On top of Next to Outside In There

On the bottom At the top Down At the end of On Beyond

On the corner By Up Between Above Farther on

Importance Transitions

The best The most important The first The best

The next best Equally important More important than The next best

The least best The next most important Most important The worst

The least important

Transitions Chart (cont.)

Cue Card #30

Page 23: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

Chain-Link Transitions

On the one hand, One example of In the first place, In other words The firstOn the other hand, For instance, In the second place, In fact, The second

Another example, In the third place, Also, The thirdAgain, A further example,Besides, For example,Moreover, For another example, One Because First,

Another Since Second,Still another A further As third,In addition, Further, Still, Specifically,In the same way, Furthermore, While More specifically,In fact, Instead In particular,

The opposite of _ is_ Additionally,On the contrary side Lastly, The last Indeed, As a result,To the contrary, Similar to _ is_ Last Although Consequently,In contrast, Another similar _ is_ Even though Naturally,In spite of Likewise, Nevertheless, Even if After all,Despite the Similarly, Nonetheless,

A dissimilar _ is_

Concluding Transitions

To conclude, In summary, To sum up, As you can see,In conclusion, In sum, To summarize, As a result,

In brief, Thus, Finally,In short, Therefore,

Transitions Chart (cont.)

Cue Card #30

Page 24: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

The Lead-Off

In particular, at home Laurie is extremely rude to his parents and sister.

The literary element of foreshadowing, illustrated through Laurie’s behavior at home, his transparent lies, and his obvious enjoyment in telling stories about Charles, plays an important role in “Charles” by Shirley Jackson.

Page 25: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

Follow-Up

Provides more information

about the detail.

Page 26: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

The literary element of foreshadowing, illustrated through Laurie’s behavior at home, his transparent lies, and his obvious enjoyment in telling stories about Charles, plays an important role in “Charles” by Shirley Jackson. In particular, Laurie is extremely rude to his parents and sister.

After arriving home from his very first day of school, he slams the door and shouts. He continues being rude by calling his father “you old dust mop,” and purposely spilling his sister’s milk.

F

Page 27: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

The Paragraph Express

Cue Card #26

L F F F FL LTopic Sentence

Page 28: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

Which Point of View?

1 2

3

Pick it and stick

to it.

Page 29: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

Pronouns Referring to…

• First person – The writer __________________• Second person – The reader

________________________• Third person- The others

________________________

I, We

You, (You)

He, She, They, Things

Page 30: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

Tenses

Cue Card #38

Pick it and Stick

To it

Pick itandstick

toit.

Page 31: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

Tense ChartTense VerbPast painted

was paintinghad painted

Present is paintingpaints

Future will paintshall paint

Cue Card #38

Page 32: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

Detail Sentence’s 5 Requirements

1. Must contain related Information2. Must be in a logical sequence3. Must include a transition when it introduces

a new detail4. Must be written from the same (and

appropriate) point of view5. Must be written in the same (and appropriate

) verb tense

Page 33: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning 2006

PLAN IT.

358

BODY

Page 34: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

Multi-Paragraphs

Page 35: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

Topic Sentence

Detail Sentences

Clincher

Parts of a BODY Paragraph

Page 36: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

Types of Clincher Sentences

General Clincher Sentence

Clueing Clincher Sentence

Specific Clincher Sentence

Cue Card #47

Page 37: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

Concluding Transitions

Words that tell the reader that the paragraph is finished.

Thus,Therefore

Finally,As a result,

Page 38: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

General Clincher Sentence

• Summarizes the main idea of the paragraph.

• Makes the reader think more about the topic

Cue Card #48

Page 39: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

GENERAL CLINCHER SENTENCE

Makes your reader dive into deeper thinking on the topic. Therefore, isn’t it obvious to Laurie’s parents that something is just not right, and do they refuse to see the obvious?

Page 40: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

CLUEING CLINCHER

Ties everything up neatly with a clueing word

In other words, there is a variety of hints in the story which leads the reader to believe that Laurie is really “Charles.”

Page 41: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

SPECIFIC CLINCHER SENTENCE

Like a Quarterback, repeat the count on which the ball will be snapped.

Thus, Laurie’s raucous behavior at home, transparent lies, and glee in telling stories about Charles foreshadows that Laurie is “Charles. “

Page 42: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

Whole ParagraphsSEQUENTIAL- describing details in a

story (a Narrative) or step-by-step manner

DESCRIPTIVEEXPOSITORY- Giving facts, reasons, or

examplesCOMPARE and CONTRAST

Page 43: The Paragraph Writing Strategy. Topic Sentence Detail Sentences Clincher Parts of a BODY Paragraph

Set up a diagram

Create the title

Reveal the topic

Iron out the details

Bind it together with a clincher

Edit your work

Steps for Writing a Paragraph