The Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb

Pelvic (hip) Girdle

2 coxal (hip) bonesIliumIschiumPubis

Sacroiliac JointPubic SymphysisFunction:

Support for vertebral columnProtect pelvic organsAttach lower limbs

Coxal Bone Markings

IliumIschiumPubisAcetabulumIliac CrestGreater Sciatic NotchObturator Foramen

Pelvis

Combination of the sacrum, coccyx, and the 2 hip bones2 parts – greater (false) and lesser (true)

Pelvis - continued

IliumIschiumPubisPubic SymphysisSacrumCoccyxPelvic BrimPelvic InletPelvic OutletPubic Arch

X-Ray of Pelvis

Comparison of Male and Female Pelvis

Point of Point of ComparisonComparison

FemaleFemale MaleMale

General Structure Light and Thin Heavy and Thick

False Pelvis Shallow Deep

Pelvic Inlet Larger and Oval Smaller and Heart Shaped

Acetabulum Small, faces anteriorly Large and faces laterally

Obturator Foramen Oval Round

Pubic Arch Greater than 90o Less than 90o

Comparison of Male and Female Pelvis

Pelvimetry

Measurement of the size of the inlet and outlet of the birth canal.

Pelvic Girdle Checkpoint

What is the name of the hip bone?What are the 3 parts of the hip bone?

Can you identify them on a diagram???

List 3 functions of the pelvic girdleWhat is the name of the “socket” where the head of the femur sits?List 3 differences between the male and female pelvis. Why are these present?

LOWER LIMB

30 bones in eachFemurPatellaTibiaFibulaTarsalsMetatarsalsPhalanges

Femur

Longest, strongest heaviest bone in the bodyDiaphysis has a medial bend to bring knees closer to the midline of the body

Femur continued

HeadNeckTrochanterCondylesPatellar Surface

Patella

Sesamoid boneDevelops in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscleIncreases the leverage of the tendon and maintains the position of the tendon

Patellofemoral stress syndrome

AKA “Runner’s Knee”Patella does not glide up and down between the femoral condyles but rather laterally causing pain.

Tibia

Shin BoneLarger of 2 lower leg bonesArticulates with femur, fibula and talus

Tibia Continued

Condyle (medial and lateral)

Tibial TuberosityMedial Malleolus

Shin Splints

Soreness or pain along the tibia due to inflammation of the periosteum from the repeated tugging of the attached muscles and tendons. Often the result of walking or running up and down hills.

Fibula

Parallel and lateral to the tibiaArticulates with the tibia and the talusHead, lateral malleolus

The Foot

Tarsals

7 Ankle BonesPosterior: Talus and CalcaneusAnterior: cuboid, navicular and 3 cuneiform

Metatarsals

5 bones make up the instep of the footNumbered I-V

Phalanges

14 in each footHallux (Big Toe) has 2, the rest of the toes have 3

Bones of the Foot

A - TalusB – NavicularC - CuneiformD - CuneiformE – Distal PhalanaxF – Middle PhalanxG – Proximal PhalanxH - MetatarsalI - CuneiformJ - CuboidK - Calcaneous

Arches of the Foot

Transverse and LongitudinalArches enable the foot to support the weight of the body

LOWER LIMB CHECKPOINTanswer these in your notes

What are the bones of the lower limb?Describe the hip jointDescribe the knee jointWhich is the medial bone of the lower leg?What type of bone is the patella?