11
The Protestant Reformation 1517 and After

The Protestant Reformation 1517 and After. The Three Branches of Christianity One Church – The Five Patriarchs 1054 The Great Schism – Filioque, St. Peter,

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: The Protestant Reformation 1517 and After. The Three Branches of Christianity One Church – The Five Patriarchs 1054 The Great Schism – Filioque, St. Peter,

The Protestant Reformation

1517 and After

Page 2: The Protestant Reformation 1517 and After. The Three Branches of Christianity One Church – The Five Patriarchs 1054 The Great Schism – Filioque, St. Peter,

The Three Branches of Christianity

• One Church – The Five Patriarchs• 1054 The Great Schism – Filioque, St. Peter,

Greek/Latin• The 3 Main Branches1. Eastern (Greek) Orthodox, since 33 AD2. Roman Catholic, since 33 AD3. Protestant, since 1517

Page 3: The Protestant Reformation 1517 and After. The Three Branches of Christianity One Church – The Five Patriarchs 1054 The Great Schism – Filioque, St. Peter,
Page 4: The Protestant Reformation 1517 and After. The Three Branches of Christianity One Church – The Five Patriarchs 1054 The Great Schism – Filioque, St. Peter,

Indulgences

• Sin• Temporal versus eternal

punishment• Penance• Abuse of indulgences• Leo X and St. Peter’s Basilica• Sixtus IV – indulgences for

the dead• Tetzel - "As soon as a coin

in the coffer rings / the soul from purgatory springs"

Page 5: The Protestant Reformation 1517 and After. The Three Branches of Christianity One Church – The Five Patriarchs 1054 The Great Schism – Filioque, St. Peter,

Pre-reformers

• Jan Hus – Bohemian, protested indulgences, immorality in clergy, burned at stake

• John Wycliffe – translator of Bible into English

Page 6: The Protestant Reformation 1517 and After. The Three Branches of Christianity One Church – The Five Patriarchs 1054 The Great Schism – Filioque, St. Peter,

Martin Luther, 1517

• German monk• Best friend Philip

Melancthon• 95 Theses in Wittenburg• Remained Roman

Catholic• Gutenburg’s printing

press

Page 7: The Protestant Reformation 1517 and After. The Three Branches of Christianity One Church – The Five Patriarchs 1054 The Great Schism – Filioque, St. Peter,

John Calvin

• Moved to Geneva from France

• Very anti-Papal authority• Set up own non-Roman

Catholic community in Geneva – 1535

• Completely changed worship style

• No mass, no monasteries, no longer Catholic, no singing except Psalms

Page 8: The Protestant Reformation 1517 and After. The Three Branches of Christianity One Church – The Five Patriarchs 1054 The Great Schism – Filioque, St. Peter,

The Counter Reformation

• 1517 - Oratory of Divine Love• 1545 – Council of Trent called

by Pope Paul III• Monastic reforms, stricter

rules• Established Jesuits – militant

missionaries (Ignatius Loyola)• Inquisition – weed out

heresies• List of heretical texts

Page 9: The Protestant Reformation 1517 and After. The Three Branches of Christianity One Church – The Five Patriarchs 1054 The Great Schism – Filioque, St. Peter,

Ignatius Loyola• Basque• knight, mystical experiences• Became monk, traveled to

Jerusalem• Returned during Counter-

Reformation• Wrote Spiritual Exercises• Highly intellectual and ascetic• Founded Jesuits – active

missionaries, absolute obedience to Pope

Page 10: The Protestant Reformation 1517 and After. The Three Branches of Christianity One Church – The Five Patriarchs 1054 The Great Schism – Filioque, St. Peter,

Political Map of Europe during Reformation

Page 11: The Protestant Reformation 1517 and After. The Three Branches of Christianity One Church – The Five Patriarchs 1054 The Great Schism – Filioque, St. Peter,

Political dimensions• German-speaking lands in HRE

were the first battleground• Northern Europe and Scandinavia

turned Lutheran• Southern, Central and Western

Europe remained mainly Roman Catholic

• Eastern Orthodox did not experience a reformation

• HRE Charles V versus the Schmalkaldic League

• 1555 – Peace of Augsburg• Only protected Lutherans, not

Anabaptists or Calvinists