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The Respiratory Systemتنفسی سیستم

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EO 003.01 Part 9

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Lesson Overviewتدریسی نکات

1. Function

2. Organization

3. Pulmonary ventilation.

4. Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

5. Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.

6. Regulation of respiration.

7. Disorders of the respiratory system.

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Function of the Respiratory System(Insert Dari)

The respiratory system provides oxygen to the blood.

Oxygen is essential for cell life.

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The Respiratory Systemتنفسی سیستم

بلعومبینی

حنجره

جوف بینی

شزن

ها ریه

ها ریه

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Respiratory System Anatomyتنفسی اناتومیسیستم

• Nose

• Pharynx = throat

• Larynx = voice box

• Trachea = windpipe

• Bronchi = airways

• Lungs

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بینی•

گلو = • بلعوم

صوت = • بکس حنجره

هوا = • پیپ شزن

هوائی = • طرق قصبه

ها • ریه

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External Nasal Structuresانفی خارجی ساختمانهای

• Skin, nasal bones, & cartilage lined with mucous membrane

• Openings called external nares or nostrils

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بواسطۀ# • غضروف و انفی، عظام جلد،است شده پوشانیده مخاطی غشای

بنام • میشوند باز که های قسمتمیشوند یاد انفی سوراخهای

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Internal Nasal Structures(Insert Dari)

There are several sinus cavities located within the nasal structure.

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Functions of the Nasal Structures وظایفساختمانهایفمی

• Air entryway• Sense of smell• Mucous lining

• warms air due to high vascularity

• mucous moistens air & traps dust

• cilia move mucous towards pharynx

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•Insert Dariبو • احساس برای شامی اپیتل•Insert Dari

را • هوا زیاد، بودن وعائی اثر درمینماید گرم

و • ساخته مرطوب را هوا مخاطمیشود خاک گردو نفوذ مانع

• ) را ) مخاط مویکها ها سیلیامیدهد حرکت بلعوم بطرف

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Pharynx

• بلعوم Muscular tube )5 inch long( hanging from skull• skeletal muscle & mucous

membrane• Extends from internal nares • Functions

• passageway for food and air• resonating chamber for

speech production

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که ) • عضلی ( 5تیوب داشته طول انچاست شده آویزان قحف از

غشای • و اسکلیتی عضلۀ#مخاطی

غضروف • به داخلی فوحات ازمیابد امتداد کریکوئید

وظایف•هوا • و غذا برای معبرطنین • تولید برای محفظه یک

میباشد آواز

بلعوم

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Larynx حنجره

Commonly called the voice box and contains the vocal cords.

Is responsible for sound production.

Epiglottis protects the trachea from food aspiration.

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حنجره

گلوتس ایپی

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Trachea شزن

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شزن

Connects the pharynx and larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air.

It is lined with mucous and cilia )hair like fibres( which trap foreign particles and move them up and out of the lungs.

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Trachea and Bronchial Treeقصبی شجر و شزن

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قصبه ثالثی

قصیبات نهایی

شزن

قصبه ابتدایی

قصبه ثانویقصیبات

Trachea

Primary Bronchi

Secondary Bronchi

Tertiary Bronchi

Bronchioles

Terminal Bronchioles

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Alveoli(Insert Dari)

Air sacs from which oxygen )O2( moves into the blood stream )via capillaries( and is then transported through the body by red blood cells.

Carbon monoxide )CO2(, which is a waste product, is also removed from the blood stream and exhaled through the lungs.

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Breathing (Insert Dari)

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Disorders of the Respiratory System

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AsthmaInflammatory disease of the airways characterized by recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm.

Common symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)(Insert Dari)

Often caused by smoking.

Damage occurs to the airways and they are often blocked by mucous.

The alveoli )air sacs( within the lungs also become damaged.

Patients often have a bothersome cough and are short of breath.

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Respiratory Tract Infections(Insert Dari)

• Locations of infections

• upper respiratory tract is above vocal cords

• lower respiratory tract is below vocal cords

انتانات • های موقعیت

از • عبارت علوی هوائی طرقاست صوتی حبول از باالتر قسمت

از • عبارت سفلی هوائی طرقاست صوتی حبول از پائینتر قسمت

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Types of Respiratory Infections(Insert Dari)

Pneumonia – inflammation of the lungs due to infection.

Bronchitis - inflammation of the bronchi due to infection.

Sinusitis – infection of the sinus cavities.

Common Cold – viral infection of the upper respiratory tract the primarily affects the nose. Symptoms include coughing, sore throat, runny nose and sneezing.

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Questions? (Insert Dari)

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In-class Assignment(Insert Dari)

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1. Identify the following structures: (Insert Dari)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

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1. Answer: (Insert Dari)

بلعومبینی

حنجره

جوف بینی

شزن

ها ریه

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2. What is the function of the respiratory system? (Insert Dari)

A( To transport nutrients and oxygen to body tissues.

B( To provide oxygen to the blood

C( To absorb nutrients

D( To metabolize nutrients

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2. Answer: What is the function of the respiratory system?

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A( To transport nutrients and oxygen to body tissues.

B( To provide oxygen to the blood

C( To absorb nutrients

D( To metabolize nutrients

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3. Put the following structures in the order that air flows into the body:

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A( Bronchii

B( Nose

C( Larynx

D( Alveoli

E( Trachea

F( Pharynx

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3. Put the following structures in the order that air flows into the body:

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1 - B( Nose

2 - F( Pharynx

3 - C( Larynx

4 - E( Trachea

5 - A(Bronchii

6 - D( Alveoli

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4. Which of the following structures is responsible for voice production?

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A( Trachea

B( Mouth

C( Larynx

D( Pharynx

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4. Answer: Which of the following structures is responsible for voice production?

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A( Trachea

B( Mouth

C( Larynx

D( Pharynx

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5. Match the following disorders with their description

(Insert Dari) A( Pneumonia

B( Asthma

C( COPD

D( Common Cold

1( Viral infection mostly affecting the nose

2( Recurring symptoms of inflammation involving airway obstruction and bronchospasm.

3( Infection of the lung

4( Characterized by a bothersome cough and shortness of breath.

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5. Answer: Match the following disorders with their description

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A( Pneumonia )3( Infection of the lung

B( Asthma )2( Recurring symptoms of inflammation involving airway obstruction and bronchospasm.

C( COPD )4( Characterized by a bothersome cough and shortness of breath

D( Common Cold )1( Viral infection mostly affecting the nose.

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