The Rise of Industrialism In America

1865-1914

What is Industrialism? Industrialism is the

movement from agriculture to manufacturing (factories) as the main source of the economic growth

Industrialism is the movement from hand-made goods to machine made goods

Industrialism made America the richest country in the world- #1 in manufactured goods

5 Key Factors that led to Industrial Growth

1. Abundant Supply of natural resources

Our country possessed a lot of coal, oil and iron

These resources are used to make (iron) and power (Coal and Oil) factory machines

2. Railroads 150,000 miles of

track by 1900 Railroads made our

country a national market for the selling of goods

Railroads allowed goods to be transported quicker and easier nationwide

US Railroads in 1900

3. The Opening of International Markets

Our goods were exported worldwide ($2 billion worth by 1910)

Coca Cola became a worldwide favorite

Coke in China

4. More people moving to the cities

More labor for the factories Many farmers left their fields to work

in the cities Immigrants poured into the cities

Urban Growth: 1870 - Urban Growth: 1870 - 19001900

NewArchitectural

Style

NewArchitectural

Style

NewUse ofSpace

NewUse ofSpace

NewClass

Diversity

NewClass

Diversity

New EnergyNew Energy

New Culture(“Melting Pot”)

New Culture(“Melting Pot”)

New Form ofClassic “RuggedIndividualism”

New Form ofClassic “RuggedIndividualism”

New Levels of Crime,

Violence, & Corruption

New Levels of Crime,

Violence, & Corruption

Make a NewStart

Make a NewStart

NewSymbols ofChange &Progress

NewSymbols ofChange &Progress

The City as a New “Frontier?”

The City as a New “Frontier?”

5. Government Support for Businesses

The government made major loans to businesses

Laissez faire (hands-off) approach by government

Few rules on worker safety The rich businessmen did not pay personal

income tax before 1913 High tariffs on foreign goods imported

into the country-protected US industries

New Inventions and Innovations

The Invention of the Automobile

1886 Karl Benz and Gottleib Daimler of Germany built of the first gas-powered cars

Very slow (4 speed,10 mph, 1.5 horsepower)

Henry Ford built the first American automobile in 1896

1908-the famous Ford Model T became the 1st mass-produced car

The Daimler Motor Carriage (1st car)

Henry Ford and his first car (1896)-video clip on Henry Ford Cities episode 6, 4:45-10:00

The Ford Model T-the 1st mass produced car

How did the Invention of the car contribute to the Industrial age?

Allowed Americans more freedom of movement

Allowed more workers to travel greater distances to work (you could live farther from work)

Created more jobs so people can make the automobile

How was the automobile made? The Assembly

Line- single task production perfected in Henry Ford’s Detroit auto factories

Very repetitious work-made people feel like a machine

John D. Rockefeller and Standard Oil

JD’s Standard Oil controlled 90% of the oil industry (oil, oil pipelines and railroads)

JD almost had a monopoly (no competition) on US oil

JD was one rich “dude”

Edwin Drake and Oil

*Edwin Drake was the first to drill for oil in the USA in Titusville, PA•Drake developed the first oil drill and well•But unfortunately did not patent his invention and died in poverty•The largest oil boom occurred in Texas

CARTOON SHOWING THE “OCTOPUS”

STANDARD OIL SEIZING THE NATION’S OIL

BUSINESSES

IDA TARBELL

Steel Production The Bessemer

Process- easier and cheaper to smelt iron into steel molds

Steel became the “king industry”

Steel was used to make railroads, bridges and support beams for skyscrapers

Andrew Carnegie and US Steel Drew’ went from rags

to riches to become another very rich dude

Carnegie’s Pittsburgh, PA-based company (US Steel) controlled over 80% of all steel production

1900- Carnegie had earned a personal fortune of over $25 million

D. H. BurnhamD. H. Burnham

1846 – 19121846 – 1912

Use of steelUse of steelas a superas a superstructure.structure.

John A. Roebling:John A. Roebling:The Brooklyn Bridge, The Brooklyn Bridge,

18831883

John A. Roebling:John A. Roebling:The Brooklyn Bridge, The Brooklyn Bridge,

19131913

The Brooklyn Bridge today

                                                                                                         

 Single Image Photograph 

William Le Baron William Le Baron JenneyJenney

1832 – 19071832 – 1907

““Father of Father of the Modernthe ModernSkyscraper”Skyscraper”

W. Le W. Le Baron Baron

Jenney: Jenney:

CentralCentralY.M.C.A., Y.M.C.A., Chicago, Chicago,

18911891

The Empire State Building

Statue of Liberty, 1876Statue of Liberty, 1876(Frederic Auguste Bartholdi)(Frederic Auguste Bartholdi)

Watch Statue of Liberty clip from America the Story of us (1st part of Cities-10 minutes)

The Invention of Electricity 1880-Thomas Edison

invented the electric light bulb

Used to power many new inventions- escalators, elevators, automatic doors, air conditioning, central heating

Department Stores- Macy’s, Sears, JC Penney were the first of big ones to include many of these new inventions

Thomas Edison

Willis Carrier-invented the 1st Air Conditioner

I Love this Guy!!!!!!

The Invention of the Telephone Alexander

Graham Bell patents the invention

Bell used copper electric wires to transmit speech

The phone revolutionized communication

The 1st telephone contact

Department Stores and Mail Order catalogs

Sears, Macy’s, JC Penney, Woolworths had huge stores to sell all the new manufactured goods

Many were air-conditioned!!!! Sears and JC Penney offered mail-

order catalogs-even if you lived on the frontier you could order and receive a product

The original Macy’s Department store in New York City