THE ROAD TO THE MISSOURI

COMPROMISE…

Colonial and United States Review to 1820

a. Identify the reasons for colonization, evaluate its impacts, and analyze the success or failure of

settlements in North Americab. Analyze religious development and its

significance in colonial America (e.g., religious settlements, the Great Awakening)

c. Describe significant aspects of the variety of social structures of colonial America

d. Compare the economies of the various colonies, and analyze the development and impact of indentured servitude and African

slavery in North America (e.g., social, political, and economic)

e. Explain the origins and development of colonial governments

f. Evaluate the influence of Enlightenment ideas on the development of American government as

embodied in the Declaration of Independence

COLONIAL AMERICA

Huge population growth from 1700-1775 (300,000-2.5

million)

Most populous colonies – Virginia,

Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, North Carolina,

Maryland

Youthful population – average age by 1775 was

16VA –establishedFor purpose of Economic profitMA- very religious

COMPOSITION OF COLONIAL AMERICA (BESIDES BRITISH)

Germans – 6%-

Pennsylvania

Scots-Irish (Lowlanders) –

7%Pennsylvania

Frontier

French Huguenots,

Welsh, Dutch, Swedes, Jews,

Irish, Swiss, Scotts, Scots

Highlands – 5%

Africans – 20%

2 important events paved the way for revolutionist ideas:

1. 1730’s-1740’s a revival of religion which became known as the

IMPORTANCE The Great Awakening was a movement rooted in spiritual growth which brought a national identity to Colonial America.

The major effect of the Awakening – it encouraged people to question authority and think for themselves. Spilled over in political matters.

2. French and Indian War-1754-1763• Conflict between British and French Over land in America Importance• Colonist questioned strengthOf British army• French and Spanish lost lands • Native Americans lost ground • Proclamation of 1763 -prohibited colonists From settling lands west of Appalachian mts. • Colonist ignored this

PARLIAMENTARY ACTS AND EVENTS THAT ENRAGED COLONISTS

1764 Sugar Act –

taxes on foreign sugar

1765 Quartering Act

1765 Stamp Act

(Repealed in 1766)

1766 Declaratory

Act – absolute sovereignty

over colonies1767

Townshend Acts –tax to pay salaries of governors and judges

March 5, 1770 Boston

MassacreBritish

soldiers fire on citizens (Crispus

Attucks died)1773 – TeaBoston Tea

Party

1774 Intolerable

Acts-Boston Port

closed-Troops in

Boston-Restriction of

town meetings

April 1775Lexington and

ConcordBritish troops

fire on colonial militia

Explain the cartoon .

Ben Franklin’s drawing is considered to be the first political cartoon inAmerican History

ASSIGNMENT

1.Using maps on page 85 and 92, answer the

provided questions. The maps deal with immigrant groups in 1775

and the colonial economy.2.

Using the prints of the Boston Massacre on page 129 and the account of the massacre on

pages 129-130, answer the provided questions.

ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE

1st Continental Congress•1774 •Wrote letters to the King and Parliament

2nd Continental Congress•1775•Convened right after the Battle of Lexington and Concord•Appointed George Washington leader of a colonial army

1776•Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence•It was approved on July 2, 1776

Washington Crossing the Delaware

Painted by Emanuel Leutze, 1851

TREATY OF PARIS 1783

Treaty of Paris 1783 – formally ended the war between the Colonists and the British

British surrender at Yorktown - 1781

Cornwallis’ Surrender at Yorktown:

Painted by John Trumbull, 1797“The World Turned Upside

Down!”

Articles of Confederation (1781-1787)

Nation’s 1st Government

Loose Confederation of States

Congress – each state had one voteNO PRESIDENT

NO JUDICIAL BRANCH

*9 states to pass a law

*all 13 to amend the document

*Congress couldn’t regulate trade or

enforce tax collection

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

Weaknesses:

Congress had no power to raise money through taxesCongress had no power to

regulate foreign or state trade

Laws had to be approved by 9 out of 13 states

Congress did not have the power to enforce laws

Congress could not create a uniform currency

Strengths:

Congress could declare warCongress could negotiate

with foreign countries, such as the Treaty of Paris 1783.Congress could establish a

postal systemCongress could settle

disputes between states

WHAT HAPPENED TO THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION?

Shays’ Rebellion 1786 – no state would help Massachusetts

May 1787 – Convention to revise Articles of Confederation

Becomes Constitutional Convention (wrote a new document)

Result – calls for a Stronger federal govt

CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONMAY 1787 – SEPTEMBER 1787

55 men – lawyers, merchant, shippers

James Madison – Father of

Constitution

Held in secret in

Philadelphia

Absent : Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Thomas Paine, Samuel Adams, John Hancock, and Patrick Henry

ASSIGNMENT

You will receive a packet with readings and assignments on the following topics:

1. timeline of the American Revolution and activity

2. The Stamp Act3. The Boston Tea Party4. The Intolerable Acts

5. The First Continental Congress6. Lexington and Concord

7. The Second Continental Congress8. Signers of the Declaration

9. The Articles of Confederation10. The Treaty of Paris

*This assignment is due on Wednesday

DEBATE OVER REPRESENTATION

Virginia PlanRepresentation based on Population

New Jersey Plan

Representation based on equality

Great CompromiseBased on Equal

Representation (2 per state)

Senate

Based on Population

House of Representatives

Key points of the Constitution

Three Branches of Government

JudicialInterprets

Laws

ExecutiveCarries out laws

Legislative

Makes Laws

For Constitution

The Federalist Papers were written to encourage people to support the Constitution

Federalists

Against Constitution

Wanted a Bill of Rights

Antifederalists

A NEW BEGINNING

George Washington was inaugurated President on April 30, 1989 (unanimous)

Bill of Rights were approved in 1791. They were written by James Madison.

Judiciary Act 1789Set up the Supreme Court and lower Federal Courts

You will receive a copy of George Washington’s farewell in 1796.

Read the Farewell Address and annotate.Be prepared to discuss its importance in 1796,

as well as for the future.

EMERGENCE OF POLITICAL PARTIES

Federalists and Democratic Republicans

(John Adams/Thomas Jefferson)

FEDERALISTS & DEM. REPUBLICANS

Formed by Alexander Hamilton

Favored a national bank, tariffs, and favorable terms

with Britain.

Formed by Thomas Jefferson

and James Madison

Favored favorable terms with France, state’s rights, and

agrarian society.

George Washington

stepped down after his 2nd term

1797-1801 John Adams

1801-1809Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson

1801-1809

ASSIGNMENT

Read Opportunity Knocks: Jefferson Responds\and answer the accompanying questions.

1. Choose one of the three essays and write a few sentences answering the question.

2. Do all of the Challenges.

This document deals with the Louisiana Purchase.2. Read The Lewis and Clark Expedition and

complete the Lewis and Clark quiz.

JAMES MADISON (1809-1817)

Tensions with Great Britain and France

War of 1812US vs.

Great Britain

*White House set ablaze

*Victory in New Orleans (Andrew

Jackson)

JAMES MONROE

James Monroe

1817-1825

Era of Good Feelings (only one

political party –Democratic Republican)

Panic of 1819Banks faildepression

1819 – Florida ceded to the United States

Monroe Doctrine

MONROE DOCTRINE

Spain and Portugal’s colonies in North America revolting1823 – message to European powers that the Western

Hemisphere was no longer open to colonization and intervention

“It is impossible that the allied powers should extend their political system to any portion of either continent, without

endangering our peace and happiness: nor can any one believe that our Southern Brethren, if left to themselves,

would adopt it of their own accord. It is equally impossible, therefore, that we should behold such interposition, in any

form, with indifference. …It is still the true policy of the United States to leave the parties to themselves, in the

hope that other powers will pursue the same course.”

SLAVERY

Originally, colonies used labor known as indentured servitude.

White servants were “employed” with passage paid to the colonies from England. There was

a surplus of people needing work.The Head right system developed. For every person provided passage to the colonies, 50 acres of land would be given to the master.However, indentured servants weren’t ideal

because eventually they were to receive freedom after years of work.

COLONIAL SLAVERY

1492-1792 400,000 Africans to North America

Captured on western portion

of Africa

Triangular trade/middle passage

By 1662, slave codes were

established in Virginia

North – trade/fishing

South – agriculture/plantatio

ns

ASSIGNMENT

Look at the two documents containing a Triangular Trade map and a chart with slavery

information. Answer the provided questions thoroughly.

Amistad

SECTIONALISM IN AMERICA

South slave based agriculture

North commerce