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The Road to the Missouri Compromise…. Colonial and United States Review to 1820. a. Identify the reasons for colonization, evaluate its impacts, and analyze the success or failure of settlements in North America - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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THE ROAD TO THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE…Colonial and United States Review
to 1820
a. Identify the reasons for colonization, evaluate its impacts, and analyze the success or failure of settlements in North America
b. Analyze religious development and its significance in colonial America (e.g., religious settlements, the Great Awakening)
c. Describe significant aspects of the variety of social structures of colonial America
d. Compare the economies of the various colonies, and analyze the development and impact of indentured servitude and African slavery in North America (e.g., social, political, and economic)
e. Explain the origins and development of colonial governments
f. Evaluate the influence of Enlightenment ideas on the development of American government as embodied in the Declaration of Independence
COLONIAL AMERICA
Huge population growth from 1700-1775 (300,000-2.5
million)
Most populous colonies – Virginia,
Massachusetts, Pennsylvania,
North Carolina, Maryland
Youthful population –
average age by 1775 was 16
VA –establishedFor purpose of Economic profitMA- very religious
COMPOSITION OF COLONIAL AMERICA (BESIDES BRITISH)
Germans – 6%-
Pennsylvania
Scots-Irish (Lowlanders) –
7%Pennsylvania
Frontier
French Huguenots,
Welsh, Dutch, Swedes, Jews, Irish, Swiss, Scotts, Scots Highlands –
5%
Africans – 20%
2 important events paved the way for revolutionist ideas: 1. 1730’s-1740’s a revival of religion
which became known as the
IMPORTANCE The Great Awakening was a movement rooted in spiritual growth which brought a national identity to Colonial America.
The major effect of the Awakening – it encouraged people to question authority and think for themselves. Spilled over in political matters.
2. French and Indian War-1754-1763• Conflict between British and
French Over land in America Importance• Colonist questioned strengthOf British army• French and Spanish lost lands • Native Americans lost ground • Proclamation of 1763 -prohibited
colonists From settling lands west of Appalachian mts. • Colonist ignored this
PARLIAMENTARY ACTS AND EVENTS THAT ENRAGED COLONISTS
1764 Sugar Act – taxes on foreign
sugar
1765 Quartering Act
1765 Stamp Act(Repealed in 1766)
1766 Declaratory Act – absolute
sovereignty over colonies
1767 Townshend Acts –tax to pay
salaries of governors and
judges
March 5, 1770 Boston Massacre
British soldiers fire on citizens (Crispus
Attucks died)
1773 – TeaBoston Tea Party
1774 Intolerable Acts
-Boston Port closed-Troops in Boston
-Restriction of town meetings
April 1775Lexington and
ConcordBritish troops fire on colonial militia
Explain the cartoon .
Ben Franklin’s drawing is considered to be the first political cartoon inAmerican History
ASSIGNMENT1. Using maps on page 85 and 92, answer
the provided questions. The maps deal with immigrant groups in
1775 and the colonial economy.2. Using the prints of the Boston Massacre
on page 129 and the account of the massacre on pages 129-130, answer the provided questions.
ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE1st Continental Congress• 1774 • Wrote letters to the King and Parliament
2nd Continental Congress• 1775• Convened right after the Battle of Lexington and
Concord• Appointed George Washington leader of a colonial
army1776• Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of
Independence• It was approved on July 2, 1776
Washington Crossing the Delaware
Painted by Emanuel Leutze, 1851
TREATY OF PARIS 1783 Treaty of Paris 1783 – formally ended
the war between the Colonists and the British
British surrender at Yorktown - 1781
Cornwallis’ Surrender at Yorktown:
Painted by John Trumbull, 1797“The World Turned Upside
Down!”
Articles of Confederation (1781-1787)
Nation’s 1st Government
Loose Confederation of
States
Congress – each state had one vote
NO PRESIDENT
NO JUDICIAL BRANCH
*9 states to pass a law
*all 13 to amend the document
*Congress couldn’t regulate trade or
enforce tax collection
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION Weaknesses:
Congress had no power to raise money through taxes
Congress had no power to regulate foreign or state trade
Laws had to be approved by 9 out of 13 states
Congress did not have the power to enforce laws
Congress could not create a uniform currency
Strengths:
Congress could declare war
Congress could negotiate with foreign countries, such as the Treaty of Paris 1783.
Congress could establish a postal system
Congress could settle disputes between states
WHAT HAPPENED TO THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION?Shays’ Rebellion 1786 – no state would help
Massachusetts
May 1787 – Convention to revise Articles of Confederation
Becomes Constitutional Convention (wrote a new document)
Result – calls for a Stronger federal govt
CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONMAY 1787 – SEPTEMBER 1787
55 men – lawyers, merchant
, shippers
James Madison – Father of
Constitution
Held in secret in
Philadelphia
Absent : Thomas
Jefferson, John Adams,
Thomas Paine, Samuel
Adams, John Hancock, and Patrick Henry
ASSIGNMENT You will receive a packet with readings and
assignments on the following topics: 1. timeline of the American Revolution and activity 2. The Stamp Act 3. The Boston Tea Party 4. The Intolerable Acts 5. The First Continental Congress 6. Lexington and Concord 7. The Second Continental Congress 8. Signers of the Declaration 9. The Articles of Confederation 10. The Treaty of Paris*This assignment is due on Wednesday
DEBATE OVER REPRESENTATION
Virginia PlanRepresentation
based on Population
New Jersey PlanRepresentation
based on equality
Great Compromise
Based on Equal
Representation (2 per state)
Senate
Based on Population
House of Representativ
es
Three Branches of Government
JudicialInterprets Laws
ExecutiveCarries out
laws
LegislativeMakes Laws
Federalists
Antifederalists
A NEW BEGINNING
You will receive a copy of George Washington’s farewell in 1796.
Read the Farewell Address and annotate.
Be prepared to discuss its importance in 1796, as well as for the future.
EMERGENCE OF POLITICAL PARTIES
Federalists and Democratic Republicans
(John Adams/Thomas Jefferson)
FEDERALISTS & DEM. REPUBLICANSFormed by
Alexander Hamilton
Favored a national bank, tariffs, and favorable terms with Britain.
Formed by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
Favored favorable terms with France, state’s rights, and agrarian society.
George Washington
stepped down after his 2nd term
1797-1801 John Adams
1801-1809Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson
1801-1809
Louisiana Purchase
1803 ($15 million)
1804 – Lewis and Clark
expedition to the
Northwest (Sacajawea)
Issues with England on
the high seas
1807 – End of the slave
trade
ASSIGNMENT Read Opportunity Knocks: Jefferson
Responds\and answer the accompanying questions.
1. Choose one of the three essays and write a few sentences answering the question.
2. Do all of the Challenges. This document deals with the Louisiana
Purchase. 2. Read The Lewis and Clark Expedition
and complete the Lewis and Clark quiz.
JAMES MADISON (1809-1817)
Tensions with Great Britain and France
War of 1812US vs. Great
Britain
*White House set ablaze
*Victory in New Orleans (Andrew Jackson)
JAMES MONROE
James Monroe1817-1825
Era of Good Feelings (only one political
party –Democratic Republican)
Panic of 1819Banks faildepression
1819 – Florida ceded to the United
States
Monroe Doctrine
MONROE DOCTRINE Spain and Portugal’s colonies in North
America revolting 1823 – message to European powers that
the Western Hemisphere was no longer open to colonization and intervention
“It is impossible that the allied powers should extend their political system to any portion of either continent, without endangering our peace and happiness: nor can any one believe that our Southern Brethren, if left to themselves, would adopt it of their own accord. It is equally impossible, therefore, that we should behold such interposition, in any form, with indifference. …It is still the true policy of the United States to leave the parties to themselves, in the hope that other powers will pursue the same course.”
SLAVERY Originally, colonies used labor known as
indentured servitude. White servants were “employed” with
passage paid to the colonies from England. There was a surplus of people needing work.
The Head right system developed. For every person provided passage to the colonies, 50 acres of land would be given to the master.
However, indentured servants weren’t ideal because eventually they were to receive freedom after years of work.
COLONIAL SLAVERY1492-1792
400,000 Africans to North America
Captured on western portion of Africa
Triangular trade/middle passage
By 1662, slave codes were
established in Virginia
North – trade/fishingSouth –
agriculture/plantations
ASSIGNMENT Look at the two documents containing a
Triangular Trade map and a chart with slavery information. Answer the provided questions thoroughly.
Amistad
SECTIONALISM IN AMERICA
South slave based
agriculture
North commerc
e