The Roaring ’20s and the The Roaring ’20s and the Great DepressionGreat Depression

1920-19401920-1940

AMERICA BECOMES MODERNAMERICA BECOMES MODERN

First census to indicate First census to indicate Majority of America lived Majority of America lived in urban areas-split in urban areas-split between urban and rural.between urban and rural.Creation of “generation Creation of “generation gap” and “juvenile gap” and “juvenile delinquency”-split delinquency”-split between old and young.between old and young.Major shift in ethnic Major shift in ethnic trends brought on by trends brought on by immigration laws.immigration laws.Movement of African-Movement of African-Americans to urban Americans to urban North.North.

CULTURE WARSCULTURE WARS

NativismNativism– Ku Klux KlanKu Klux Klan

FundamentalismFundamentalism– Scopes TrialScopes Trial

Youth MovementYouth Movement– FlappersFlappers

Organized CrimeOrganized Crime– ProhibitionProhibition

Race and EthnicityRace and Ethnicity– Immigration Act of 1921 and Immigration Act of 1921 and

19241924– Harlem Renaissance Harlem Renaissance

http://www.u-s-history.com/paghttp://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1398.htmles/h1398.html http://webtech.kennesaw.edu/jhttp://webtech.kennesaw.edu/jcheek3/roaring_twenties.htmcheek3/roaring_twenties.htm

CONSUMERISMCONSUMERISM

High EmploymentHigh Employment

Commercial CreditCommercial Credit

Rise of Madison AvenueRise of Madison Avenue– The “hard sell”The “hard sell”– Mass marketingMass marketing

Low Savings RatesLow Savings Rates

New Consumer Luxury New Consumer Luxury ItemsItems

http://www.digitalhistory.uhttp://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_dih.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=454splay.cfm?HHID=454

WARREN HARDINGWARREN HARDING

President (1921-1923)President (1921-1923)““Normalcy”Normalcy”CorruptionCorruption– TeaPot DomeTeaPot Dome– Daugherty and LiquorDaugherty and Liquor– AffairsAffairs

Died in OfficeDied in Officehttp://www.whitehouse.gohttp://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/wh29v/history/presidents/wh29.html.html http://www.infoplease.cohttp://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0848032.m/ce6/history/A0848032.htmlhtml

CALVIN COOLIDGECALVIN COOLIDGE

President (1923-President (1923-1929)1929)

Called “Silent Cal”Called “Silent Cal”

Caretaker PresidentCaretaker President

Support based on Support based on prosperityprosperity

http://www.whitehoushttp://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidene.gov/history/presidents/cc30.htmlts/cc30.html

HERBERT HOOVERHERBERT HOOVER

President (1929-1933)President (1929-1933)Engineer and Engineer and philanthropistphilanthropistSecretary of Commerce Secretary of Commerce under Harding and under Harding and Coolidge.Coolidge.President at the start of President at the start of the Great Depression and the Great Depression and believer in believer in “Volunteerism”.“Volunteerism”.http://www.whitehouse.gohttp://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/hh31.v/history/presidents/hh31.htmlhtml

1920s ECONOMIC POLICY1920s ECONOMIC POLICY

Sec. of Treasury Andrew Sec. of Treasury Andrew MellonMellon– Believed in “trickle-down” Believed in “trickle-down”

economicseconomics– Cut or eliminated taxes for Cut or eliminated taxes for

richrich

Heavy investment in Heavy investment in stocksstocksProtective tariffsProtective tariffshttp://www.few.eur.nl/http://www.few.eur.nl/_few/people//smant/m-_few/people//smant/m-economics/economics/crash1929.htm crash1929.htm

THE GREAT DEPRESSIONTHE GREAT DEPRESSION

Contributing FactorsContributing Factors– Maldistribution of IncomeMaldistribution of Income– Protective tariffsProtective tariffs– Overinvestment in StocksOverinvestment in Stocks– Sick industriesSick industries– High debt/low savingsHigh debt/low savings– Money SupplyMoney Supply

Started in October 1929Started in October 1929Reached worst point in 1933 Reached worst point in 1933 with 24.9% unemploymentwith 24.9% unemployment

http://www.huppi.com/http://www.huppi.com/kangaroo/Timeline.htm kangaroo/Timeline.htm

FRANKLIN ROOSEVELTFRANKLIN ROOSEVELT

President (1933-1945)President (1933-1945)

Well-liked.Well-liked.

Promised “New Deal” but Promised “New Deal” but had few specificshad few specifics

Influenced by Influenced by ProgressivesProgressives

ParaplegicParaplegic

http://http://www.whitehouse.gov/www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/history/presidents/fr32.html fr32.html

11stst NEW DEAL NEW DEALFirst termFirst termMost Dynamic Period of Most Dynamic Period of LegislationLegislationFocused on Relief, Reform, and Focused on Relief, Reform, and RecoveryRecovery– 2121stst Amendment Amendment– Civilian Conservation CorpsCivilian Conservation Corps– Tennessee Valley AuthorityTennessee Valley Authority– Agricultural Adjustment ActAgricultural Adjustment Act– National Industrial Recovery ActNational Industrial Recovery Act– Securities and Exchange Securities and Exchange

CommissionCommission– Federal Depositors Insurance Federal Depositors Insurance

CorporationCorporation

http://http://history.sandiego.edu/history.sandiego.edu/gen/20th/1930s/gen/20th/1930s/newdeal.html newdeal.html

CHALLENGERSCHALLENGERS

ConservativesConservativesSocialistsSocialistsSouthernersSouthernersPoliticiansPoliticians– Huey LongHuey Long– Father Charles CoughlinFather Charles Coughlin– Dr. Francis TownsendDr. Francis Townsend

Supreme CourtSupreme Court– Schechter v. USSchechter v. US– Butler v. USButler v. US

http://http://us.history.wisc.edu/us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/lectures/hist102/lectures/lecture20.html lecture20.html

22ndnd NEW DEAL NEW DEAL

22ndnd Term Term

Focused more on Focused more on dealing with critics dealing with critics and helping laborand helping labor

Social Security ActSocial Security Act

Fair Labor Standards Fair Labor Standards ActAct

22ndnd AAA AAA