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The SARAF accelerator
commissioning
1
Dan Berkovits
On behalf of SARAF team
SoreqNRC
Seminar @ FNAL
February 10, 2011
SARAF
SARAF–SSoreq AApplied
RResearch AAccelerator FFacility
•T
o e
nla
rge the e
xperim
enta
l nucle
ar
scie
nce infr
astr
uctu
re a
nd p
rom
ote
researc
h in I
sra
el
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L2
researc
h in I
sra
el
•T
o d
evelo
p a
nd p
roduce r
adio
isoto
pes
prim
arily
for
bio
-medic
al applic
ations
•T
o m
odern
ize the s
ourc
e o
f neutr
ons a
t
Sore
q a
nd e
xte
nd n
eutr
on b
ased
researc
h a
nd a
pplic
ations
SARAF Accelerator Complex
Para
mete
rP
ara
mete
rV
alu
eV
alu
eC
om
ment
Com
ment
Ion
Sp
ecie
sP
roto
ns/D
eute
rons
M/q
≤ 2
En
erg
y R
an
ge
5 –
40
Me
V
Cu
rre
nt R
an
ge
0.0
4 –
2 m
AU
pgra
de
ab
le to
4 m
A
Op
era
tio
n6
00
0 h
ou
rs/y
ea
r
Re
liab
ility
90
%
Ma
inte
nan
ce
Ha
nd
s-O
nV
ery
lo
w b
ea
m lo
ss
Phase I
-2009
Phase I
I -
2016
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L3
Phase I
-2009
Phase I
I -
2016
SARAF Accelerator
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L4
PSM
–Pro
totype Super
conducting M
odule
SARAF phase I linac–upstream view
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L5
A. Nagler, Linac-2006
C. Piel, EPAC-2008
A. Nagler, Linac-2008
I. Mardor, PAC-2009
L. Weissman, Linac2010
Beam lines
downstream
the linac
PSM
Beam
dump
6
dump
target
beam
Plasma
chamber
High
voltage
extractor
Magnetic
solenoid
Vacuum
pump
5x10-6
mbar
RF Waveguide
& DC-breaker
Focusing
solenoid
ECR Ion Source (ECRIS)
C. Piel EPAC 2006
F. Kremer ICIS 2007
K. Dunkel PAC 2007
magnetic
coils on
ground
cooling
water
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L7
RF powersupply
2.45 GHz
extraction
electrodes
20 kV/u
107 mm
gas inlet
1 sccm
RF power
800 W
insulator
LEBT –emittance measurement
P. Forck
C. Piel EPAC 2006
F. Kremer ICIS 2007
K. Dunkel PAC 2007
magnetic
mass
analyzer
FC
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L8
wire
slit
aperture
P. Forck
JUAS
2003
5 mA proton
beam optics
RFQ entrance
ECR
ECR
aperture
EIS: measured emittance values
Particles
Beam current
Protons
X / Y
H2+
X / Y
Deuterons
X / Y
5.0 mA
0.20 / 0.17
0.34 / 0.36
0.13 / 0.12
ε rm
s_
no
rm._
10
0%
[πm
m m
rad
]
EIS
ha
s b
ee
n in
ro
utin
e o
pe
ratio
n s
ince
20
06
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L9
2.0 mA
0.13 / 0.13
0.30 / 0.34
0.14 / 0.13
0.04 mA
0.18 / 0.19
0.05 / 0.05
Specifie
d v
alu
e =
0.2
/ 0
.2 [π
mm
mra
d]
•H
2+
pla
nned f
or
mim
ickin
g d
eute
rons
•R
esults d
ue t
o n
on-o
ptim
ized E
CR
and m
ole
cula
r bre
akup
-5
0
-3
0
-1
0
10
30
x' [mrad]
Elliptical Exclusion
0
0.0
5
0.1
0.1
5
0.2
0.2
5
0.3
Norm. RMS Emit.
deuterons
6.1 mA
open
aperture
deuteronsemittance results
π πππmm mrad
2D plot current scale
is enhanced in order
to present the tail
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L10
SCUBEEx Analysis
0
0.0
2
0.0
4
0.0
6
0.0
8
0.1
0.1
2
01
40
02
80
04
20
05
60
07
00
0Exclusion Ellipse SAP
Norm. RMS Emit.
-3
0-
10
10
30
-5
0
x [m
m]
0
01
40
02
80
04
20
05
60
07
00
0Exclusion Ellipse SAP
aperture
cut to
5.0 mA
-3
0-
10
10
30
-5
0
-3
0
-1
0
10
30
x [m
m]
x' [mrad]
B. Bazak
JINST 2008
emittance analysis with the SCUBEEx code by M. P. Stockli and R.F. Welton, Rev. Sci. Instr. 75 (2004) 1646
LEBT –emittance measurement
P. Forck
C. Piel EPAC 2006
F. Kremer ICIS 2007
K. Dunkel PAC 2007
magnetic
mass
analyzer
FC
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L11
wire
slit
aperture
P. Forck
JUAS
2003
5 mA proton
beam optics
RFQ entrance
ECR
ECR
aperture
Use neutrals for tune LEBT
x-x
’y-y
’
I dip
ole=38.65 A
12
I dip
ole=38.95 A
I dip
ole=38.80 A
L. Weissmanet al.
linac2010 TUP74
On s
ite 2
006
176 MHz Radio Frequency Quadrupole
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L13
P. Fischer
EPAC 2006
In facto
ry 2
005
RFQ power gain vs. forward power
150
200
250
300
Pickup V^2(kW)
4-J
ul
9July
10July
Lin
ear
RF
Q v
olta
ge
sq
ua
red
as a
fu
nctio
n o
f R
FQ
in
pu
t p
ow
er
deu
tero
ns
For 3 M
eV D
eutero
ns:
65 kV @
176 M
Hz
1.6 K
ilpatrick
~ 255 kW
CW
w/o
bea
m
65 kW/m
Input P
ow
er
[kW
]D
ura
tion
2008
D. B
erk
ovits
Fe
b 1
0 2
011
@ F
NA
L14•P
art
ing f
rom
the lin
ear
rela
tion indic
ate
s o
nset
of
dark
curr
ent
due t
o p
oor
conditio
nin
g
•A
ll 4 R
FQ
pic
kups s
how
ed s
imila
r re
sults
0
50
100
050
100
150
200
250
300
FPower (kV)
Pickup V^2(kW)
Forward power (kW)
A. Nagler et al., LINAC08
pro
tons
Input P
ow
er
[kW
]D
ura
tion
[hrs
]
190 (
CW
)12
210 (
CW
)2
240 (
CW
)0.5
260 (
DC
= 8
0%
@ 4
40 H
z)
0.5
Non-linearityofvoltageresponse,
Highx-raybackground
Dischargebetweenthebackrodsandthe
stemssupportingneighboringrods
Discharge between the rods and stems
15In
spring2009therodswere
modified
locallytoreducetheparasiticfields.
Thissolvedtheproblemofdischarge.
I. M
ardor, PAC 2009
L. Weissm
an, Linac2010
J. Rodnizki, Linac2010
D. B
erk
ovits
Feb 1
0 2
011 @
FN
AL
15
Burning of tuning blocks
Contactspringsoftuningblockswereburnedtwice
Newdesign:
massivesilverplateforbettercurrentand
thermalconductivity,
mechanicalcontactwithstemsbyasplintsystem
D. B
erk
ovits
Feb 1
0 2
011 @
FN
AL
16
Melting of plunger electrode
The low-energy plunger electrode has been melted.
It was verified that this was not due to a resonance phenomenon.
New design:
plunger was reduced by size ( twice less thermal load),
cooling capacity was im
proved (the plunger and cooling shaft made from one block)
J. Rodnizkiet al.,
Linac2010, TUP095
D. B
erk
ovits
Feb 1
0 2
011 @
FN
AL
17
Another RFQ hot spots
A fan
was
install in
fro
nt of
the co
upler
Further RFQ temperature mapping showed additional problematic regions:
1. the area of the break of tank cooling line especially in the vicinity of the coupler
this problem is well understood by sim
ulation, external cooling blocks were installed
2. The region closed to high energy end
this is not understood yet and has to be studied
J. Rodnizkiet al.,
Linac2010, TUP095
D. B
erk
ovits
Feb 1
0 2
011 @
FN
AL
18
MPCT
wire
scanners
58 mmTa
aperture
Setup for RFQ characterization
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L19
19
MPCT
4 m
RFQ
ECR
D-plate
Beam dump
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L19
Proton energy at RFQ exit by TOF
Be
am
En
erg
y M
ea
su
rem
en
t u
sin
g T
OF
be
twe
en
2 B
PM
s s
um
sig
na
ls, 1
45
mm
ap
art
,
E =
E = 11..504
504 ±±00..012
012 MeV
MeV
C. Piel PAC 2007
Bu
tto
n p
icku
p fo
r
2 m
A p
uls
e a
nd
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L20
15
mm
bo
re
rad
ius g
ive
s a
sig
na
l h
igh
ab
ove
no
ise
.
Bu
nch
wid
th
me
asu
red
at
β=
0.0
56
is la
rge
r
tha
n t
he
pre
dic
ted
va
lue
du
e t
o t
he
ind
uce
d c
ha
rge
bro
ad
en
ing
.
Approximated rms ε εεεZextracted from
protons bunch width measurements
45
60
75
90
ez (
RF
Q)
[pi de
g k
eV
]
1s a
t F
FC
1 [d
eg
]
1s a
t F
FC
2 [d
eg
]
s_
f a
t R
FQ
[de
g]
s_
E a
t R
FQ
[ke
V]
C. Piel EPAC 2008
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L21
0
15
30
45
55
60
65
70
75
power RFQ [kW]
Specified rms ε εεεZ= 120
120 π ππππ πππdeg keV
deg keVValue for simulations = 74
74 π ππππ πππdeg keV
deg keV
Protons current downstream RFQ vs.
RFQ forward power for 3 mA injection
MPCT current
sum of 4 BPM
current signals
1.5
2.0
2.5
Beam current
D-Plate_MPCT [mA]
A_MBPM1 [V_p]
A_MBPM2 [V_p]
4D-W
B simulation [mA]
Units are in the legend
70%
transs.
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L22
MPCT current
0.0
0.5
1.0
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
RFQ power (PS forward) [kW]
Beam current
J. Rodnizki et al.
EPAC 2008
Units are in the legend
Specified
transm
ission=90%
Deuterons beam
(through a detuned PSM)
60%
transs.
Specified
transm
ission=90%
D. B
erk
ovits
Fe
b 1
0 2
011
@ F
NA
L23
DF=10-4
RFQ steering effects
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
10
0
Transmission (%)
Profile X
-2-101234567
-12.5
-10
-7.5
-5-2
.50
2.5
57.5
10
12.5
Current (au. Un.)
61 k
W
56 k
W
53 k
W
Nov 2009
24
After improving field homogeneity observe
much smaller RFQ power effects
0
10
20
30
50
52
.55
55
7.5
60
62
.56
56
7.5
70
72
.5
RF power (kW)
Transmission (%)
Apr-2010
Nov-2009
-2
Position (mm)
-1012345
-12
.5-1
0-7
.5-5
-2.5
02.5
57.5
10
12.5
Position (mm)
Current (au. un.)
62 k
W
56 k
W
54 k
W
Apr 2010
D. B
erk
ovits
Feb 1
0 2
011 @
FN
AL
Prototype SC Module (PSM) G
eneral Design:
•Houses 6 HWR and 3
superconducting solenoids
•Accelerates protons and
deuterons from 1.5 MeV/u on
•Very compact design in
longitudinal direction
•Cavity vacuum and
insulation vacuum separated
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L25
M. Peiniger, LINAC 2004
M. Pekeler, SRF 2003
M. Pekeler, LINAC 2006
2500 m
m
HWR –Basic parameters
•f = 176 MHz & b
andw
idth
~ 1
30 H
z
•height ~ 85 cm high
•Optimized for
β=0.09 @ first 12 cavities (2 modules)
β=0.15 @ 32 cavities (4 modules)
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L26
β=0.15 @ 32 cavities (4 modules)
•Bulk Nb single wall 3 mm (in SS vessel)
•Epeak, max = 25 MV/m &
Ep
ea
k/ E
acc
~ 2
.9
•Q0 ~ 109@ 4.45 K
•Designed cryogenic Load < 10 W
(@Emax)
•Measured response to pressure = 57 Hz/mbar
HWR measured fields and dissipated power
At Accel
(single cavity)
At Soreq (inside PSM)
Closed loop
operation
with a voltage
controlled
oscillator
(VCO)
Ca
vity #
Ve
rtic
al
Te
st
Be
fore
Pro
ce
ssin
g
Afte
r H
e
Pro
ce
ssin
g
25
MV
/m
20
MV
/m
25
MV
/m
20
MV
/m
25
MV
/m
17
.31
.97
2.2
5.5
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L27
C. Piel et al.
EPAC 2008
A. Perry et al.
SRF 2009
Target values
60 W @
4.5 K
for 25 MV/m
dynamic loss
(VCO)
17
.31
.97
2.2
5.5
27
.33
.06
.34
.88
.7
36
.31
2.3
16
.87
.01
4.8
46
.311
.1--
-3
.91
0.6
55
.55
.41
5.1
3.3
8.8
67
.39
.6--
-5
.41
0.7
tota
l4
04
3.3
---
26
.65
9.1
PSM Helium distribution system
28
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L
bea
m
Setup with Diagnostic plate (D-Plate)
for PSM beam commissioning
L. Weissman DIPAC 2009
PSM
D-plate
Beam dumps
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L29SARAFPhase I
ECR
LEBT
RFQ
Beam operation through the PSM
•F
irst pro
ton b
eam
was d
eliv
ere
d t
hro
ugh t
he P
SM
in
Novem
ber
2008
•A
ccele
rato
r para
mete
rs w
ere
set accord
ing t
o b
eam
dynam
ics s
imula
tions (
usin
g T
RA
CK
-A
NL)
•In
August
2009 b
eam
was a
ccele
rate
d u
sin
g a
ll cavitie
s
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L30
•In
August
2009 b
eam
was a
ccele
rate
d u
sin
g a
ll cavitie
s
DF
I (m
A)
E (
MeV
)
1×
10
-4 *
24.0
pro
tons
CW
1.4
3.2
1×
10
-4 *
0.5
4.5
deute
rons
* 100 µ µµµsec pulse, 1 Hz
I. M
ard
oret al.,
SR
F 2
00
9
Microphonicsmeasurements*
HWRs are extremely sensitive to He pressure fluctuations (60 Hz/mbar)
Detuning signal is dominated by the Helium drift
Detuning sometimes exceeds +/-200 Hz (~ +/-2 BW).
60
80
100
Fre
quency D
etu
nin
g
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
-100
-80
-60
-40
-200
20
40
Tim
e[S
ec]
Frequency Detuning [Hz]
* P
erf
orm
ed
in
co
llab
ora
tio
n w
ith
J.D
ela
ye
n a
nd
K.
Da
vis
(JL
ab
)D
. B
erk
ovits F
eb 1
0 2
011 @
FN
AL
31
Cavity Tune*
Piezoelectric actuatorprovides fine tuning of the
resonance frequency
Range reduction of the piezoelectric elements
Were subsequently replaced
is used for coarse tuning.
Stepper motor
Stepper motor movement induces instabilities
and is therefore disabled during RF operation
* P
erf
orm
ed
in
co
llab
ora
tio
n w
ith
J.D
ela
ye
n a
nd
K.
Da
vis
(JL
ab
)6
00
70
08
00
90
010
00
11
00
120
013
00
14
00
70
0
75
0
80
0
85
0
90
0
95
0
100
0
105
0
110
0
Pie
zo A
mp
lifie
r ap
plie
d
voltag
e[s
cale
d]
Frequency detuning[Hz]
Tu
ner
Response
Curv
e
1st cycle
2nd c
ycle
Res
ponse
of th
e fine tu
ner
is
highly non-linear
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb 1
0 2
011 @
FN
AL
32
phase
probe 1
phase
probe 2
Faraday
cup
FFC 1
FFC 2
MPCT
x/y slit
scanners
doublet
VAT beam
dump
BPM1
D-Plate for
commissioning
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L33
x/y wire
scanners
beam halo
monitor
BPM2
L. Weissman
DIPAC 2009
7
Sca
nned
are
a
Transversal emittance
•P
roto
ns a
t 2
.2 M
eV
•ε~
0.1
5 π
mm
mra
drm
sn
orm
. o
ut o
f a
n
are
a e
xclu
de
d th
e
sa
telli
te p
ea
kbea
m
6.2
5
12
.50
18
.75
Colo
rs chose
n to
enhan
ce bac
kgro
und
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L34
-71
8
-12
-60
X [mm]
X' [mrad]-
25
.00
-1
8.7
5
-1
2.5
0-6
.25
0.0
0
6.2
5
-1
5-
80
81
5
X' [mrad]
X [mm]
Au foil
LiF
crystals
target ladder
target ladder
drive
300 µ µµµg/cm2 gold foil
Beam energy at the Halo Monitor
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L35
Beam
Si det 45°
Si det 100°
target
load-lock
miniFC
I. M
ard
oret al, L
INA
C 2
00
6
L.
We
issm
anet al, D
IPA
C 2
00
9
300 µ µµµg/cm2 gold foil
glued on graphite frame
Energy m
easu
remen
ts are
possib
le bec
ause
FFC and bea
m dynam
ics simulation show
that the en
ergy distrib
ution on the bea
m
side is sim
ilar
to the co
re
Proton beam energy measurement
using Rutherford scattering (RS)
Typ
ica
l sp
ectr
um
with
ou
t ca
vity v
olta
ge
s (
RF
Q o
nly
). B
ackg
rou
nd
(re
mo
ve
d f
oil)
wa
s s
ub
tra
cte
d.
500
600
Pu
lse
r p
ea
k
reso
lutio
n 6
.6 k
eV
1.5
Me
V p
ea
k
use
d fo
r ca
libra
tio
n
Au
fo
il: 0
.3 m
g/c
m2
Fo
il ro
tate
d b
y 4
5°
Si d
ete
cto
r a
t 4
5°
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L36
0
100
200
300
400
0200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
Energy (keV)
Po
ssib
ly d
ou
bly
sca
tte
red
pa
rtic
les
Proton beam energy measurement
using Rutherford scattering
300
400
500
600
Gaussia
n fit: F
WH
M =
18 k
eV
Wid
th in
clu
des:
•D
ete
cto
r re
solu
tion (
<12 k
eV
)
•S
catt
ering in A
u foil
•B
eam
energ
y w
idth
(slid
e 1
9)
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L37
0
100
200 1
400
1420
1440
1460
1480
1500
1520
1540
1560
1580
1600
Energy (keV)
The low
energ
y t
ail
is m
ost
pro
bably
enhanced d
ue t
o r
ise t
ime o
f R
FQ
voltage
puls
e (
Si dete
cto
r not
gate
d).
This
is s
upport
ed b
y b
eam
dynam
ics s
imula
tions.
Ca
libra
tin
g H
WR
#4
2.2
2.2
5
2.3
Energy [MeV]
E/u
sim
ula
ted
E/u
ToF
E/u
Si
Pro
tons 2 m
A
RFQ 56 kW P
hase
VH
WR
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L38
2
2.0
5
2.1
2.1
5 0.2
50.3
0.3
50.4
0.4
50.5
0.5
5
App
lied V
olta
ge [
MV
]
Energy [MeV]
Phase
(deg)
Va
cc
(kV
)
HW
R
-95
177
1
0100
2
20
470
3
-30
4
60
80
100
120
RS Spectrum Std[keV]
020
0040
00050100
Ene
rgy[ke
V]
Counts
Ph
asin
g o
f ca
vity H
WR
#6
Pro
tons 2 m
A
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L39
0
20
40
60 -1
50
-100
-50
050
100
RS Spectrum Std[keV]
HWR6 Phase[deg]
0200
0400
001020
Ene
rgy[ke
V]
Counts
A. Per
ry et al.SRF 2009
SA
RA
F to
da
y
LEBT
RFQ
PSM
MEBT
Phase I -2010
D-p
late
Beam line -2010
targ
ets
Bea
m dumps
EIS
Situation in beginning of 2011:
The turn-key concept did not work. A
t present work is done mostly by the local team.
The local team and its expertise grew significantly
Phase I is not commissioned yet to full specs (CW deuterons), but accelerator is operational
The concept of Phase II is being developed in collaboration with accelerator laboratories
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb 1
0 2
011 @
FN
AL
40
Beam lines
downstream
the linac
for in vacuum
target studies
PSM Beam
dump
target studies
dump
target
H. Hirshfeld
et al. NIM A 2006
E. Lavieet al.INS23 2006
I. Silverm
an et al.,NIM B261 2007
M. Hasset al., J. Phys. G 2008
T. Hirsh et al., PoS2009
G. Feinberg et. al., Nucl. Phys. A 2009
Halfonet. al., ApplRadiatIsot. 2009
M. Paul et al. US patent WO/2009/007976
S. Vaintraubet al.INS25 2010
PSM
D-plate
VAT-BD
Tungsten M
etal -BD
Exp
eri
en
ce
with
th
e T
un
gste
n B
ea
m d
um
p
The bea
m dump 250 m
icro
n T
ungsten
shee
t fu
sed to a
The bea
m dump 250 m
icro
n T
ungsten
shee
t fu
sed to a
water
cooled cooper
plate.
Up to 20 kW
, no activ
atio
n is ex
pec
ted.
Visual insp
ection rev
eal stro
ng blister
ing effec
ts.
Impro
ve diagnostics to
ols:
temper
ature
map
pin
g
radiation m
appin
g (gam
ma, neu
trons)
better vac
uum control in
cludin
g R
GA
segmen
ted collim
ator
on-lin
e visual insp
ection
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb 1
0 2
011 @
FN
AL
42
SARAF Phase II simulations
with error analysis
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L43
Sim
ula
tions s
how
n in n
ext
slid
e:
•4 m
A d
eute
rons a
t R
FQ
entr
ance.
•Last
macro
-part
icle
=1 n
A
Err
ors
are
do
ub
le th
an
in
: J.
Ro
dn
izkiet al. L
INA
C 2
00
6, M
. P
eke
ler
HP
SL 2
00
5
B. Bazak et al., Submitted for Publication
J. Rodnizki et al., HB2008
Deuteron beam envelope
radius at SARAF SC Linac
r max
200 r
ealiz
ations
70 r
ealiz
ations
Bo
re
So
len
oid
s 19
Ta
il e
mp
ha
sis
sim
ula
tio
ns
Ta
il e
mp
ha
sis
sim
ula
tio
ns
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L44R
FQ
exit
3.4
mA
de
ute
ron
s
32
k/1
93
k p
art
icle
s in
co
re/t
ail
La
st
ma
cro
-pa
rtic
le =
1 n
AG
enera
l P
art
icle
Tra
cer
2.8
0 2
006,
Puls
ar
Physic
s S
.B. van d
er
Geer,
M.J
. de L
oos h
ttp:/
/ww
w.p
uls
ar.nl/
r RM
S
no
min
al
B. Bazak et al., Submitted for Publication
J. Rodnizki et al., HB2008
Beam loss criterion
SPIRAL2 [4], IFMIF [6]
IFMIF [5]
Unconstrained "hands-on“
[1,2] for SARAF
10
0
10
1
10
2
10
3
Allow losses for hands on maintenance (nA/m)
Calc
ula
ted losses
10 m
rem
/h
2 m
rem
/h
1 W
/m
1 n
A/m
50/2
0/5
nA
/m*
*
Halfo
n et al., 2009
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L45
* B
eam
loss c
rite
rion w
hic
h w
ill y
ield
the s
pecifie
d d
ose r
ate
alo
ng S
AR
AF
SC
lin
ac
[1] J. A
lonso, "B
eam
loss w
ork
ing g
roup r
eport
", T
he 7
th I
CF
A m
ini-w
ork
shop o
n h
igh inte
nsity h
igh b
rightn
ess h
adro
n b
eam
s, Lake C
om
o, W
isconsin
, S
epte
mber
1999.
[2] R
. A
. H
ard
ekopf,
"B
eam
loss a
nd a
ctivation a
t LA
NS
CE
and S
NS
", T
he 7
th I
CF
A m
ini-w
ork
shop o
n h
igh inte
nsity h
igh b
rightn
ess h
adro
n b
eam
s, Lake C
om
o,W
isconsin
, S
epte
mber
1999.
[4] T
. Junquera
et.
al., “S
tatu
s o
f th
e c
onstr
uction o
f th
e S
PIR
AL2 a
ccele
rato
r at
GA
NIL
”, P
roc. O
f LIN
AC
08,
Vic
toria, B
C, C
anada,
2008.
[5] M
. S
ugim
oto
and H
. T
akeuchi, “
low
activation m
ate
rial applic
able
to t
he I
FM
IF a
ccele
rato
r”, Journ
al of
Nucle
ar
Mate
rial, 3
29-3
33 (
2004)
198-2
01.
[6] P
. A
. P
. N
ghie
m e
t. a
l.,
“Para
mete
r desig
n a
nd b
eam
dynam
ics s
imula
tions for
the I
FM
IF-E
VE
DA
accele
rato
rs”,
Pro
c. O
f LIN
AC
08,
Vic
toria, B
C, C
anada,
2008.
[1,2] for SARAF
SARAF old
05
10
15
20
25
30
10
-2
10
-1
10
0
Positio
n a
long S
AR
AF
SC
lin
ac (
m)
Allow losses for hands on maintenance (nA/m)
RF
Q e
xit
HE
BT
People involved
SARAF team
(includin
g stu
den
ts, ad
viser
s an
d par
tially
affiliated per
sonal ) :
A. Nag
ler(u
ntil 2008), I. M
ardor, D
. Ber
kovits,
A. A
bra
mso
n , A
. Are
nsh
tam, Y. A
sken
azi, B
. Baz
ak(u
ntil 2009),
Y. Ben
-Aliz, Y
. Buza
glo
, O. Dudovich, Y. Eisen
, I. E
liyah
u, G. Fin
berg,
I. F
ishman
, I. G
ertz, A
. Grin, S. Halfo
n, D. Har-E
ven
D. Hirsh
man
,
T. Hirsh
, A. Kre
isel, D. Kijel, G. Lem
per
t, A
. Per
ry, R. Raizm
an(u
ntil 2010),
E. Reinfe
ld, J. R
odnizki, A
. Shor, I. Silver
man
, B. Vainas
, L. W
eissman
,
Y. Y
anay
(until 2009).
46
Y. Y
anay
(until 2009).
RI&
Varian/(form
er ACCEL):
H. Vogel, C. Piel, K
, Dunkel, P. V
on S
tain
, M
. Pek
eler, F. Kre
mer,
D. Tro
mpetter, man
y m
echan
ical and electrica
l en
gin
eers and tec
hnicians
NTG/ Frankfurt Univ
:A. Bec
hto
ld, Ph. Fisch
er, A
. Sch
empp, J. H
ause
r
Cryoelectra:
B. A
min
ov, N. Pupeter, …
END
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L47
END
MEBT: Overview
Main componen
ts:
•Thre
e quad
rupols (31 T
/m)
with steer
ing m
agnets
•Two diagnostic cham
ber
•Two x/y
wire sc
anner
s
•Thre
e pumps an
d one gau
ge
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L48•T
wo 4-b
utton B
PM
s
•Position
•Phas
e
•Curren
t
MEBT
RFQ
D-plate
pumps
pump
650 m
m
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L49
wire
scanner 1
wire
scanner 2
BPM1
BPM2
beam
phase
probe 1
phase
probe 2
Faraday
cup
FFC 1
FFC 2
MPCT
x/y slit
scanners
doublet
VAT beam
dump
BPM1
D-Plate for
commissioning
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L50
x/y wire
scanners
beam halo
monitor
BPM2
L. Weissman
DIPAC 2009
RFQRF conditioning
Melted tuning plate after extraction
beam
Melted a
rea
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L51
Input P
ow
er
[kW
]D
ura
tion [hrs
]
190 (
CW
)12
210 (
CW
)2
240 (
CW
)0.5
260 (
DC
= 8
0%
@ 4
40 H
z)
0.5
I. M
ard
or
et
al.,
PA
C 2
00
9
I. M
ard
or
et
al.,
SR
F 2
00
9
60 mm
RFQ: Protons bunch profile measurements
Me
asu
rem
en
t
resu
lts a
re b
acke
d
C. Piel PAC 2007
Wire scan profiles
-4-2
02
40
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.81
counts
mean
m 0
.00 c
m
FW
HM
s 0
.40 c
m
FW
HM
m 0
.46 c
m
-4-2
02
4
mean
m 0
.00 c
m
FW
HM
s 3
.70 c
m
FW
HM
m 3
.57 c
m
32.0 kV
61.5 kW
MEBT
Entrance
D-Plate
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L52
resu
lts a
re b
acke
d
up
by s
imu
latio
ns
(TR
AC
K)
Rodnizki et al.
EPAC 2008
FFC time profiles
-4-2
02
4
positi
on (
cm
)
-4-2
02
4
positi
on (
cm
)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
010
020
030
0
prot
on rel
ativ
e ph
ase
(deg
)
current (arb.)
gaus
s fit
sim
ulat
ed
010
020
030
0
prot
on rel
ativ
e ph
ase
(deg
)gaus
s fit
gaus
s fit
mea
sure
men
t
32.5 kV
63.5 kW
FFC1
FFC1
Simulation
Measured
RFQ Conditioning –status
•S
eve
ral h
un
dre
d c
on
ditio
nin
g h
ou
rs f
or
two
ye
ars
•C
on
ditio
nin
g s
ch
em
es
–S
et m
axim
um
pow
er
and incre
ase d
uty
cycle
–S
et C
W d
uty
cycle
and incre
ase p
ow
er
•S
pe
cia
l a
ctio
ns to
im
pro
ve
co
nd
itio
nin
g r
ate
:
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L53•
Sp
ecia
l a
ctio
ns to
im
pro
ve
co
nd
itio
nin
g r
ate
:–
Roundin
g o
f sharp
edges o
f ro
ds b
ott
om
part
–C
leanin
g o
f ro
ds
–In
sta
llation o
f circuit f
or
fast re
covery
aft
er
spark
s
–B
akin
g a
t 75°C
for
a w
eek in v
acu
um
and f
or
a d
ay w
ith
flow
ing n
itro
gen
–A
dd a
3rd
pum
p t
o the tw
o e
xis
ting T
MP
s
�R
ea
ch
fie
ld f
or
de
ute
ron
s a
nd
ho
ld C
W f
or
min
ute
s
RFQ field flatness Followin
g the
modificatio
n of
elec
trodes
the freq
uen
cy
correc
tion pro
cedure
(movin
g and rem
ovin
g of
tunin
g plates) chan
ged
the field flatn
ess along
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L54
the field flatn
ess along
the 39 R
F cells .
This m
ay lea
d to a
tran
smission red
uctio
n
and conse
quen
tly to
emittance
red
uctio
n
LEBT�
D-p
late tra
nsm
ission =
40%
Typical L
EBT norm
. rm
s em
ittance
~ 0.2 π
mm m
rad �
D-p
late=0.15 π
mm m
rad +
satellite
Phasing of resonator HWR#1
1400
1450
1500
1550
1600
1650
Energy (MeV)
TO
F
RB
S
Sim
ula
tions
2468
10
12
14
16
18
sigma (keV)
sim
ula
tions
RB
S
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L55
1350 -2
60
-230
-200
-170
-140
-110
-80
-50
-20
10
Phase HWR1 (deg)
02
-260
-230
-200
-170
-140
-110
-80
-50
-20
10
Phase HWR 1 (deg)
Energy
spec
tra
wer
emonitore
das
a
functio
nof
phas
eof
anin
div
idual
HW
R
while
the
rest
downstre
amHW
Rs
are
detuned
.Asaresu
ltthesy
nch
ronousphas
e
and
reso
nator
voltag
eca
nbe
calibrated.
The
bea
men
ergy
obtain
edfrom
RS
is
compar
edwith
TOF
resu
lts
and
TRACK
simulation.
L.W
eiss
man
et al.
DIP
AC 2009
The RS m
easu
remen
ts pro
vid
e in
form
atio
n on
the bea
m energy spre
ad and low-e
nergy
bac
kgro
und. The ex
per
imen
tal re
sults ar
e
compar
ed w
ith T
RACK sim
ulation. The in
trin
sic
energy res
olu
tion and effec
ts of sc
attering on the
gold
foil w
ere not taken
in acc
ount in
the
simulation of th
e bea
m energy spre
ad.
Calib
rating c
avity #
6
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
Energy (MeV)
D. B
erk
ovits F
eb
10
20
11
@ F
NA
L56
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.93
3.1
3.2
-60
-30
030
60
90
120
150
180
210
Energy[MeV]
Phas
e HW
R6 (deg
)
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
10
02
00
30
04
00
50
06
00
70
08
00
90
01
00
0
Energy (MeV)
HW
R (
kV
)
