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The Scroll of Biblical Chronology
Mapping The Times And Seasons
Of The Holy Scriptures
All Rights Reserved, Sixth Edition Ebook
Reproduction or copying to third parties prohibited.
Respect the author’s right to make a living.
Buyers are granted permission to use on computers they own.
Further details at www.torahtimes.org. This ebook is not encrypted,
and proper use depends on the integrity of the buyer.
Editions: 1st 2007, 2nd 2009, 3rd 2011, 4th , 5th 2012
6th edition ebook, 2014
By Daniel Gregg, B.S.C.S.
To Order This Book See Website:
www.torahtimes.org
Write:
Daniel Gregg
1956 Lobdell Point Road
Washington Island, Wisconsin
54246
TABLE OF CONTENTS
MAPPING THE HIGHWAY OF BIBLICAL TIME 8
IN THE BEGINNING 9
CREATION AND SIX DAYS EARTH-NORMAL TIME 9
STELLAR CHRONOLOGY 9
THE DEFINITION OF “DAY” AND THE DAY OF REST 10
THE DATE OF CREATION 11
CREATION IN THE SPRING 11
ADAM 11
THE FLOOD TO THE EXODUS 13
THE NEW MOON AND THE DATE OF CREATION 13
THE SPRING EQUINOX AND THE DATE OF CREATION 14
THE MONTHS OF THE FLOOD YEAR 14
THE TOWER OF BABEL 15
ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDS 17
ABRAHAM 18
FOUR HUNDRED YEARS 19
THE DESCENDANTS OF ISAAC 19
SEVEN YEAR CYCLES 20
CALCULATING THE EXODUS YEAR 22
WHICH WAY SIGNS POINT 24
FROM EGYPT TO MT. SINAI 25
FARMING AND FALLOW CYCLES BEGIN 28
CROSSING THE JORDAN 28
THE BRIDGE OVER JOSHUA'S LONG DAY 30
LEGENDS OF JOSHUA’S LONG DAY 32
OTHER POSSIBLE ASTRONOMICAL DISCONTINUITIES 33
THE MIDDLE CHRONOLOGY VS. ASTRONOMICAL DATING 35
THE DYNASTY OF SARGON OF AKKAD 36
THE ECLIPSE IN THE LAND OF UTA-RAPASHTIM 36
CHINESE CHRONOLOGY 41
IS AMAR-SIN THE BIBLICAL AMRAPHEL? 43
THE SHULGI BALLAD DOUBLE ECLIPSE 46
THE YEAR OF PUZUR, SON OF NUR 50
THE 1638 SOLUTION AND JOSHUA’S LONG DAY 51
LUNAR MONTH MATCHING 51
MONTH MATCHING WITH THE VENUS OBSERVATIONS 52
A SOLAR ECLIPSE ATTENDING THE FALL OF BABYLON 53
THE UGARIT ECLIPSE AND THE SEA PEOPLE 55
JUST HOW VALID IS RADIOCARBON DATING? 57
TREE RING CHRONOLOGIES 58
5
OTHER RADIO-ISOTOPE DATING METHODS 59
ICE CORE DATING 59
SEVEN YEARS CONQUERING THE CANAANITES 63
CONQUERING HESHBON AND JEPTHAH’S 300 YEARS 63
THE DAYS OF JOSHUA 63
SERVITUDES AND JUDGES 64
THE 450 YEARS OF ACTS 13:20 65
CALCULATING SAMUEL’S YEARS 65
THE JUBILEE OF SAUL’S SECOND YEAR 66
ASTRONOMICAL SYNCHRONISM: DAVID FLEES FROM SAUL 67
ANOTHER JUBILEE SYNCHRONISM 68
A WEEKDAY-ASTRONOMICAL SYNCHRONISM 69
REIGN YEARS OF THE KINGS OF JUDAH AND ISRAEL 69
HEZEKIAH’S JUBILEE SYNCHRONISM 69
ISRAEL BECOMES ‘NOT MY PEOPLE” 70
EGYPTIAN CHRONOLOGY FROM SHOSHENQ I 71
ASSYRIAN CHRONOLOGY FROM SHALMANESER III 72
JOSIAH TO JEHOIACHIN, KINGS OF JUDAH 74
SEVENTY SABBATICAL YEARS AND THE BABYLONIAN EXILE 75
THE BABYLONIAN EXILE 75
DARIUS THE MEDE 77
REVIEW OF THE EXILE 78
BIBLICAL IDENTIFICATIONS OF PERSIAN KINGS 79
EVENTS OF ESTHER 79
JEWISH SURNAMES 79
THE WORK OF EZRA THE SCRIBE 80
INTRODUCTION TO DANIEL 9:24-27 82
DANIEL 9:24-27 82
ARE DISCONTINUOUS ERAS WITH GAPS POSSIBLE? 83
HOW SEVEN YEAR CYCLES ARE COUNTED 83
THE TEXT 84
THE DECREES 84
THE SEVEN SEVENS 84
THE SIXTY-TWO SEVENS 85
THE BIRTH OF MESSIAH 85
THE CRUCIFIXION YEAR 86
WORKINGS OF THE HEBREW CALENDAR 86
THE DATE OF THE CRUCIFIXION 89
MATTHEW 12:40 89
MATHEW 28:1 90
LEVITICUS 23:11-16 90
LUKE 24:21 90
JOHN 20:1 91
6
MARK 16:1-2 91
LUKE 23:54-24:1 91
THE LENGTH OF YESHUA’S MINISTRY 91
THE THIRD DAY 92
THE FINAL WEEK, DAY BY DAY 93
A FORTY YEAR TRADITION 95
BURIAL PROCEDURES 96
THE FIRST FRUITS OR WAVE OFFERING 96
THE TIME OF DAY OF THE RESURRECTION 96
THE CHRONOLOGY OF PAUL 98
THE PUNISHMENTS OF ISRAEL 99
JEWISH ERAS AND THE SABBATICAL YEAR 99
CALCULATING THE SABBATICAL YEAR 100
OTHER HISTORICAL REFERENCES TO THE SABBATICAL YEAR 101
THE SIEGE OF BETH ZUR 101
THE MURDER OF SIMON 101
HEROD’S CONQUEST OF JERUSALEM 102
CALIGULA’S STATUE 102
THE 2ND YEAR OF NERO 102
THE BAR KOCHBA REVOLT 102
ZOAR TOMBSTONES 102
THE END OF DAYS 103
DANIEL’S 70TH SEVEN 103
IS MESSIAH COMING SOON? 106
THE RESURRECTION SCORECARD 107
THE CRITERIA 107
DAY AND WEEK IN THE RESURRECTION PASSAGES 111
PASSOVER TABLE FROM FINEGAN’S HANDBOOK 112
EXODUS WEEK DETAIL, AVIV 14-16 113
APPENDIX I: TERAH-ABRAHAM 114
APPENDIX II: FINE-TUNING THE JUDGES 116
7
THE SCROLL OF BIBLICAL CHRONOLOGY
INTRODUCTORY PREVIEW
This preview includes seven pages of the charts covering524 years out of 101 pages covering 6223 years, some of whichare still future, and show prophetic models. It is then followed bytwo sample pages from the commentary, which is 100+ pages(8.5x11). In total the book is 200+ pages. Half is charts, and halfis commentary with additional charts and tables included. Pleasemake sure you have followed the procedures to set your PDFReader (Foxit Reader is best) for continuous scrolling, and to re-move the gap between pages.
The first chart page may spread wider in the PDF reader thanthe text pages before it. This is normal. All the charts butt end toend forming a continuous scroll.
The first column of the charts shown here is the BC year.1583 BC is at the top of the first chart, and 1049 BC at the bot-tom of the last chart.
The second column is shaded green. It counts years of theworld starting from creation. In the preview 2557 is fully visible,and 2556 is cut in half. The other half is on the previous page,not shown in this preview. With Foxit Reader set right, the tophalf of 2556 joins perfectly. If you scroll down and look at thepage breaks, you will see that the pages will join even if youhave not put the settings to remove the gaps in the Reader. Iknow many previewing will have neglected it. It IS worth settingyour Reader correctly.
The third column is narrower than the first two. It countsseven year periods, with the seventh year shaded red. This cycleis mentioned extensively in Zuckermann’s treatise on the Sabbat-ical year, where he discusses three cycles and says that two arepossible. This is one of those two. It is shown in the book why itis the correct one. The cycle repeats continuously 1-7, and the 7th
year was supposed to be a year of rest for the land.The fourth column is really skinny. In Foxit Reader you can
hold down the control key and zoom the mouse wheel. It is shad-ed orange, blue, green, and yellow for the four seasons of theyear, autumn, winter, spring, and summer. More technically, thespring begins with the spring equinox or the first day of the firstmonth. The autumn begins with the first day of the seventhmonth. The commentary will point out a difference if it makes adifference. Each season is reckoned to take three months.
Column five counts the Jubilee cycle. In the charts shownhere, year 9 is shown, shaded gray, with the number in white,across from the year 1583 BC. A nifty feature, which I describeon my web page is the ability to set the guides and rulers in FoxitReader. The guides can then be dragged down and aligned acrossthe rows to see what aligns with what. Of course you can use aphysical ruler on your screen also.
In the Jubilee cycle, every year divisible by seven is sabbat-ic, and therefore it is shaded red. Scroll down to year 50, and it isshaded gold, to indicate it is a Jubilee. The Jubilee year alsocounts as the first year of the next Jubilee cycle as taught by Rab-bi Judah, and also proved to be scriptural in the commentary.Also, the year 1 is shaded gold in column three when it is the Ju-bilee year.
All the columns described so far run the whole length of thechronology, starting with creation, and ending in the future withprophetical guesses.
Next to the Jubilee cycle column, in column six, and next to1572 BC, a new column begins. The years in it are shadedbrown, brown for earth that is supposed to be fallow. This year islabeled ‘Neglected Sabbatical,’ and it is counted 1. It lines upwith the seventh year of the Sabbatical cycle and the 21st year ofthe Jubilee cycle. This column counts the number of times thatIsrael failed to let the land rest. In the preview charts, you canfollow this counting down to 22 years, which is aligned to 1124BC.
Now back on the first page of the preview, between 1572 BCand 1564 BC in the first column, you will see that these BC yearsare offset from the year of the world in the second column, butone season. This is because BC years begin in January, and theyear of the world begins in the spring. Observe also that columnsthree and five begin the year in the autumn.
Looking across from 1572 to the pink column inscribed‘Chushan-Risha-thaim’ you will see there a sequence of eightyears. When Israel sinned, and rebelled against the Almighty,they were given over to be oppressed by this king. At the end ofthe eight years, Israel repented and returned to the Most High.
During the eight years Israel did not obey the commandmentfor the fallow year. So notice that two of the neglected fallowyears are counted during this eight years. These are shadedbrown, and numbered in white.
Also, just to the left of the pink column for Chushan is an or-ange column that also numbers eight years. This column keeps arunning sum of the number of years that Israel sinned againstGod. If you scroll down a little, you will see that the sum picksup again with each time Israel was oppressed by a foreign powerbecause of their disobedience. In the preview charts, this sumcomes to 134 years at 1122 BC. You can also see inscribed in thiscolumn the reason for it. Also, the neglected fallow years are al-ways counted during these years of sin, and that of Judah alone,after Israel was exiled.
Over on the far right of the charts, you will see the chronolo-gy of Egypt, Babylon, and Assyria. You will see a line connect-ing the oppression of Chushan to Burnaburiash, king ofMesopotamia. Observe that Burnaburiash is contemporary to Ah-mose I of Egypt and Shamshi Adad III of Assyria. There is also ared linking line to Puzur-Ashur III of Assyria, between him andBurnaburiash.
Looking down the Egyptian chronology, observe the redboxes labeled ‘lunar dates.’ These are matched to the repeating25 year lunar and sothic cycle of Egypt.
Examine the charts further and convince yourself that theyare second to none. Take a look at the table of contents and thetwo sample commentary pages provided.
Then visit www.torahtimes.org and order yours. The ebookis just $12.00, and has the whole of biblical chronology.
118
35
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
34
56
78
910
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
3
4
5
49
50
51
38
37
36
390 y
ear
sin o
f Is
rael
susp
ended
39
0 y
ear
sin
of
Isra
el s
usp
end
ed
102
1584
1583
1582
1581
1548
1547
1546
1545
1552
1551
1550
1549
1556
1555
1554
1553
1560
1559
1558
1557
1564
1563
1562
1561
1568
1567
1566
1565
1572
1571
1570
1569
1576
1575
1574
1573
1580
1579
1578
1577
1512
1511
1510
1509
1516
1515
1514
1513
1520
1519
1518
1517
1524
1523
1522
1521
1528
1527
1526
1525
1532
1531
1530
1529
1536
1535
1534
1533
1540
1539
1538
1537
1544
1543
1542
1541
1508
1507
1506
1505
2587
2588
2589
2590
2583
2584
2585
2586
2579
2580
2581
2582
2575
2576
2577
2578
2571
2572
2573
2574
2567
2568
2569
2570
2563
2564
2565
2566
2559
2560
2561
2562
2556
2557
2558
2623
2624
2625
2626
2619
2620
2621
2622
2615
2616
2617
2618
2611
2612
2613
2614
2607
2608
2609
2610
2603
2604
2605
2606
2599
2600
2601
2602
2595
2596
2597
2598
2591
2592
2593
2594
2635
2631
2632
2633
2634
2627
2628
2629
2630
4
5
6
7
7
1
2
3
3
4
5
6
6
7
1
2
2
3
4
5
5
6
7
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
1
2
3
4
4
5
6
7
7
1
2
3
3
4
5
6
6
7
1
2
2
3
4
5
5
6
7
1
1
2
3
4
7
1
2
3
3
4
5
6
6
7
1
2
2
3
4
5
24
25
26
27
20
21
22
23
16
17
18
19
12
13
14
15
8
9
10
11
11
12
13
14
7
8
9
10
3
4
5
6
48
49
1/50
2
44
45
46
47
40
41
42
43
36
37
38
39
32
33
34
35
28
29
30
31
35
36
37
38
31
32
33
34
27
28
29
30
23
24
25
26
19
20
21
22
15
16
17
18
49
50
51
52
45
46
47
48
41
42
43
44
37
38
39
40
33
34
35
36
29
30
31
32
27
28
21
22
23
24
17
18
19
20
65
66
67
61
62
63
64
57
58
59
60
53
54
55
56
20
21
22
62
55
56
57
58
51
52
53
54
47
48
49
50
43
44
45
46
39
40
41
42
35
36
37
38
31
32
33
34
27
28
19
59
60
61
71
72
73
74
67
68
69
70
63
64
65
66
15
16
17
18
11
12
13
14
9
55
59
60
57
58
3
4
56
62
1
61
5
6
7
8
2
29
30
54
52
87
88
83
84
85
86
79
80
81
82
75
76
77
78
26
10
11
12
4
13
14
1
2
6
7
8
9
2
3
4
5
13
14
15
16
9
10
11
12
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
1778
1677
1576
1475
1374
1172
1273
1071
970
869
768
667
566
465
364
1
2
1
7
8
No P
asso
ver
s5
6
3
263
23
24
25
26
25
1980
1879
3192
12
13
14
15
3091
2990
2889
2788
2687
2586
2485
2384
2283
2182
2081
3495
3394
3293
16
17
18
1
3596
40101
1
2
3
4
5
10
11
12
25
16
26
23
18
39100
21
22
Pas
sov
er (
Ex
od
us)
not
cele
bra
ted
15
9
20
8
9
10
11
24
17
3798
6
7
3899
19
13
14
7697
98
93
94
95
96
89
90
91
92
87
88
110
106
107
108
109
102
103
104
105
101
75
71
72
73
74
67
68
70
66
69
77
53
10
3697
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
12
13
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
5
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
21
22
23
24
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
13
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
4
1
2
3
4
1
12
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2
13
1
2
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
12
13
14
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
16
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
1
Am
enh
otep
I
Ah
mo
se I K
am
ose
Sharuhen destroyed
Avaris Sacked
Kh
am
ud
i
Thu
tmo
se I
XVII
XVIII
Thu
tmo
se II
Bu
rnab
uria
sh I (kin
g of M
esop
otam
ia)
Eclipse texts, Tell Muhammad
Deut. 31:10, Septennial Torah Reading
Elders Era
Pu
zur-A
ššur [III]
Ulam
bu
riash
K
ashtilliash
III K
assites take
over B
abylo
n
Ch
ush
an-R
isha-th
aim
Ne
glecte
d
Sabb
atical
Acts 13
:20
Judges 3:8
Šam
ši-Ad
ad
III
Kakrim
e?
Oth
niel, Ju
d. 3
:11
Ezek. 4:5 Era, 390 yea
rs
Enu
mera
tion
of n
eglected
Sab
ba
th yea
rs up
to 70
Lev. 26
:43
Joshua dies, est
age o
f Cale
b
Age o
f old
est elders
Judges 3:11
Eglon
of M
oab
Acts 1
3:2
0
Ehu
d
Judges 3:30
Judges 3:14
Israel's 300 ye
ar po
ssessio
n o
f Hesh
bo
n, Ju
dge
s 11:26
Act
s 13
:20
Yea
rs f
rom
Cre
atio
n
Yea
rs f
rom
Cre
atio
n
Aššu
r-nirari
Enlil-n
asir N
ur-ili
Othniel
Ehud
King of Mesopotamia
Eglon of Moab
39
0 y
ear
sin
of
Isra
el s
usp
ended
390 y
ear
sin o
f Is
rael
su
spen
ded
3
4
5
6
2
109
110
390 y
ear
sin o
f Is
rael
susp
ended
390 y
ear
sin o
f Is
rael
susp
ended
104
108
102
103
1476
1475
1474
1473
1480
1479
1478
1477
1484
1483
1482
1481
1488
1487
1486
1485
1492
1491
1490
1489
1496
1495
1494
1493
1500
1499
1498
1497
1504
1503
1502
1501
1505
1440
1439
1438
1437
1444
1443
1442
1441
1448
1447
1446
1445
1452
1451
1450
1449
1456
1455
1454
1453
1460
1459
1458
1457
1464
1463
1462
1461
1468
1467
1466
1465
1472
1471
1470
1469
1428
1427
1426
1432
1431
1430
1429
1436
1435
1434
1433
2659
2660
2661
2662
2655
2656
2657
2658
2651
2652
2653
2654
2647
2648
2649
2650
2643
2644
2645
2646
2639
2640
2641
2642
2635
2636
2637
2638
2695
2696
2697
2698
2691
2692
2693
2694
2687
2688
2689
2690
2683
2684
2685
2686
2679
2680
2681
2682
2675
2676
2677
2678
2671
2672
2673
2674
2667
2668
2669
2670
2663
2664
2665
2666
2711
2712
2713
2714
2707
2708
2709
2710
2703
2704
2705
2706
2699
2700
2701
2702
6
7
1
2
2
3
4
5
5
6
7
1
1
2
3
4
4
5
6
7
3
7
1
2
3
3
4
5
6
6
7
1
2
2
3
4
5
5
6
7
1
1
2
3
4
4
5
6
7
7
1
2
3
3
4
5
6
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
2
3
4
5
5
6
7
1
1
2
3
4
4
5
6
7
47
48
49
1/50
43
44
45
46
39
40
41
42
38
34
35
36
37
30
31
32
33
26
27
28
29
22
23
24
25
18
19
20
21
14
15
16
17
10
11
12
13
6
7
8
9
2
3
4
5
17
18
19
13
14
15
16
9
10
11
12
5
6
7
8
1/50
2
3
4
46
47
48
49
42
43
44
45
38
39
40
41
85
86
87
88
81
82
83
84
77
78
79
80
73
74
75
76
69
70
71
72
67
68
121
122
123
124
117
118
119
120
113
114
115
116
109
110
111
112
105
106
107
108
101
102
103
104
97
98
99
100
93
94
95
96
89
90
91
92
145
146
141
142
143
144
137
138
139
140
133
134
135
136
129
130
131
132
125
126
127
128
46
47
48
49
107
108
109
110
103
104
105
106
99
100
101
102
95
96
97
98
91
92
93
94
88
89
90
143
144
145
146
139
140
141
142
135
136
137
138
131
132
133
134
127
128
129
130
123
124
125
126
119
120
121
122
115
116
117
118
111
112
113
114
167
163
164
165
166
159
160
161
162
155
156
157
158
151
152
153
154
147
148
149
150
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
71
72
73
66
67
68
69
70
78
79
80
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
116
117
118
122
123
124
111
112
113
114
120
121
105
106
107
158
7
16
17
18
19
20
21
10
11
12
13
14
15
8
9
1
74
75
76
77
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
41
42
43
44
39
40
26
27
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
119
115
32
33
25
36
37
I1 Ehud 80 yearsE Sabbatic Periods
C Sabbath Year
D
Year of World F2 450 years Acts 13:20
H2 480 National Passovers
H1 390 years suspended
C Sabbatic Periods G2 Jug. 11:26, 300
B
Scroll Legend
A B.C. Years F1 Broken Sabbath years
E Sabbath Year
E Jubilee Year
17
18
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
22
23
24
34
35
28
29
30
31
38
45
31
32
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
14
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
42
19
3
4
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
1
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
33
34
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Seasons
Thu
tmo
se III
Karain
daš (K
assites)
Am
enh
otep
II
30 years to
assig
ned
to tw
o kin
gs
Aššu
r-bêl-n
išešu
Agu
m III
Enu
mera
tion
of n
eglected
Sab
ba
th yea
rs up
to 70
Ehu
d
Judges 3:30
Acts 13
:20
Ehu
d
Judges 3:30
Ehu
d
Act
s 13
:20
Act
s 13
:20
A
cts
13
Yea
rs f
rom
Cre
atio
n
Aššu
r-rabi
Aššu
r-nad
in-ah
he
En
lil-nasir
Aššu
r-nirari
Aššu
r-rem-n
išešu
Eriba-A
dad
[I] A
ššur-n
adin
-ahh
e [II]
lunar date
lunar date
lunar date
Battle of Megiddo
Ehud
6
7
8
9
39
0 y
ear
sin
of
Isra
el s
usp
end
ed
220
211
212
39
0 y
ear
sin
of
Isra
el s
usp
end
ed
51
52
53
214
210
No P
asso
ver
s
49
50
205
206
195
216
213
45
390 y
ear
sin o
f Is
rael
susp
ended
40
41
42
44
7
47
48
2
3
223
224
222
4
5226
225
14
182
183
184
185
221
197
186
187
188
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
30
37
38
31
32
33
34
15
39
40
1
2
3
1
4
5
6
46
39
227
228
229
233
234
235
230
231
232
236
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
1415
16
10
11
12
18
13
Pas
sover
(E
xodus)
not
cele
bra
ted
35
36
7
1404
1403
1402
1401
1408
1407
1406
1405
1412
1411
1410
1409
1416
1415
1414
1413
1420
1419
1418
1417
1424
1423
1422
1421
1426
1425
1368
1367
1366
1365
1372
1371
1370
1369
1376
1375
1374
1373
1380
1379
1378
1377
1384
1383
1382
1381
1388
1387
1386
1385
1392
1391
1390
1389
1396
1395
1394
1393
1400
1399
1398
1397
1348
1347
1346
1345
1352
1351
1350
1349
1356
1355
1354
1353
1360
1359
1358
1357
1364
1363
1362
1361
2731
2732
2733
2734
2727
2728
2729
2730
2723
2724
2725
2726
2719
2720
2721
2722
2715
2716
2717
2718
2714
2767
2768
2769
2770
2763
2764
2765
2766
2759
2760
2761
2762
2755
2756
2757
2758
2751
2752
2753
2754
2747
2748
2749
2750
2743
2744
2745
2746
2739
2740
2741
2742
2735
2736
2737
2738
2795
2791
2792
2793
2794
2787
2788
2789
2790
2783
2784
2785
2786
2779
2780
2781
2782
2775
2776
2777
2778
2771
2772
2773
2774
1
2
3
4
4
5
6
7
7
1
2
3
5
6
2
3
4
5
5
6
7
1
1
2
3
4
4
5
6
7
7
1
2
3
3
4
5
6
6
7
1
2
2
3
4
5
5
6
7
1
3
6
7
1
2
2
3
4
5
5
6
7
1
1
2
3
4
4
5
6
7
7
1
2
3
3
4
5
6
6
7
1
2
21
22
23
24
19
20
8
9
10
11
4
5
6
7
49
1/50
2
3
45
46
47
48
41
42
43
44
37
38
39
40
33
34
35
36
29
30
31
32
25
26
27
28
44
45
46
47
40
41
42
43
36
37
38
39
32
33
34
35
28
29
30
31
24
25
26
27
20
21
22
23
16
17
18
19
12
13
14
15
3
48
49
1/50
2
157
158
159
160
153
154
155
156
149
150
151
152
146
147
148
193
194
195
196
189
190
191
192
185
186
187
188
181
182
183
184
177
178
179
180
173
174
175
176
169
170
171
172
165
166
167
168
161
162
163
164
225
226
227
228
221
222
223
224
217
218
219
220
213
214
215
216
209
210
211
212
205
206
207
208
201
202
203
204
197
198
199
200
179
180
181
182
175
176
177
178
171
172
173
174
167
168
169
170
217
218
211
212
213
214
207
208
209
210
203
204
205
206
199
200
201
202
195
196
197
198
191
192
193
194
187
188
189
190
183
184
185
186
247
248
249
243
244
245
246
239
240
241
242
235
236
237
238
231
232
233
234
227
228
229
230
223
224
225
226
219
220
221
222
215
216
80
19
20
17
11
12
13
14
15
189
190
219
217
218
215
203
191
192
193
194
196
204
8
9
10
209
207
208
199
200
201
202
1
2
3
4
21
198
5
6
7
22
23
24
43
16
17
18
19
20
181
27
28
29
B Year of World
450 years Acts 13:20
G2 Jug. 11:26, 300
E Sabbatic Periods
I1 DeborahE Sabbath Year
I1 Jabin of Hazor
H2 480 National PassoversD
C Sabbath Year
H1 390 years suspendedC Sabbatic Periods
H1 390 years counted
A B.C. Years
Scroll Legend
F2
27
28
29
30
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
I1 Midian
I1 Gideon
E Jubilee Year
F1 Broken Sabbath years
4
5
6
7
8
9
32
31
30
29
1
2
3
3
1
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
1
2
3
4
5
6
6
16
17
1
2
3
4
5
2
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
1 6
4
5
27
28
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
14
7
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
Seasons
Mes In
scriptio
n
Shu
pp
iluliu
ma
I
Tuta
nkh
am
on
Am
enh
otep
IV (A
khen
aten
)
Am
enh
otep
III
Semen
khka
re
An
khke
peru
re
Thu
tmo
se IV
Gid
eon
G
ideo
n
Judges 8:28
Judges 6:1
Mid
ian
Sin
of
Isra
el
Ezek
4
:5
Ehu
d
Jabin
of H
azor
Judges 4:2
Judges 4:3
Jabin
D
eb
orah
Judges 5:31
Sin
of
Isra
el, 3
90 y
ears
Ez
ekie
l 4:5
Act
s 1
3:2
0
Act
s 13
:20
A
cts
Ad
ad-n
irari [I] A
rik-de
n-ili
Enlil-n
irari A
ššur-u
ballit [I]
Ad
ad [I]
lunar date
Shu
pp
iluliu
ma
I
Deborah
Gideon
Jabin of Hazor
Midian
11
10
64
65
390 y
ear
sin o
f Is
rael
susp
ended
390 y
ear
sin o
f Is
rael
susp
ended
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
305
263
264
281
273
274
275
276
282
260
261
390 y
ear
sin o
f Is
rael
su
spen
ded
283
390 y
ear
sin o
f Is
rael
susp
ended
54
55
56
254
255
256
252
245
246
247
248
249
250
Pas
sov
er (
Ex
od
us)
no
t ce
leb
rate
d
61
62
63
306
271
272
22
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
57
58
59
60
4
5
6
304
302
303
300
301
298
299
23
1
2
3
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
4
5
21
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
10
11
12
13
6
7
22
265
266
21
280
279
277
278
269
270
257
258
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
30
31
24
25
26
27
2
3
1
8
9
2
32
33
3435
28
29
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
251
1
40
36
37
38
39
No
Pas
sov
ers
259
253
3
262
267
268
1332
1331
1330
1329
1336
1335
1334
1333
1340
1339
1338
1337
1344
1343
1342
1341
1296
1295
1294
1293
1300
1299
1298
1297
1304
1303
1302
1301
1308
1307
1306
1305
1312
1311
1310
1309
1316
1315
1314
1313
1320
1319
1318
1317
1324
1323
1322
1321
1328
1327
1326
1325
1264
1263
1262
1268
1267
1266
1265
1272
1271
1270
1269
1276
1275
1274
1273
1280
1279
1278
1277
1284
1283
1282
1281
1288
1287
1286
1285
1292
1291
1290
1289
2803
2804
2805
2806
2799
2800
2801
2802
2795
2796
2797
2798
2839
2840
2841
2842
2835
2836
2837
2838
2831
2832
2833
2834
2827
2828
2829
2830
2823
2824
2825
2826
2819
2820
2821
2822
2815
2816
2817
2818
2811
2812
2813
2814
2807
2808
2809
2810
2875
2876
2877
2871
2872
2873
2874
2867
2868
2869
2870
2863
2864
2865
2866
2859
2860
2861
2862
2855
2856
2857
2858
2851
2852
2853
2854
2847
2848
2849
2850
2843
2844
2845
2846
3
4
5
6
4
5
6
7
7
1
2
3
3
4
5
6
6
7
1
2
2
3
4
5
5
6
7
1
1
2
3
4
4
5
6
7
7
1
2
3
5
6
7
1
1
2
3
4
4
5
6
7
7
1
2
3
3
4
5
6
6
7
1
2
2
3
4
5
5
6
7
1
1
2
3
4
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
31
32
33
34
27
28
29
30
23
24
25
26
19
20
21
22
15
16
17
18
11
12
13
14
7
8
9
10
3
4
5
6
18
19
20
21
14
15
16
17
10
11
12
13
6
7
8
9
2
3
4
5
47
48
49
1/50
43
44
45
46
39
40
41
42
35
36
37
38
34
35
36
30
31
32
33
26
27
28
29
22
23
24
25
229
230
231
232
228
265
266
267
268
261
262
263
264
257
258
259
260
253
254
255
256
249
250
251
252
245
246
247
248
241
242
243
244
237
238
239
240
233
234
235
236
301
302
303
304
297
298
299
300
293
294
295
296
289
290
291
292
285
286
287
288
281
282
283
284
277
278
279
280
273
274
275
276
269
270
271
272
309
310
305
306
307
308
277
278
271
272
273
274
267
268
269
270
263
264
265
266
259
260
261
262
255
256
257
258
251
252
253
254
249
250
276
299
300
287
288
289
290
295
296
297
298
291
292
293
294
283
284
285
286
279
280
281
282
275
C Sabbatic Periods H1 390 years suspended
B Year of World G2 Jug. 11:26, 300
Scroll Legend
A B.C. Years F2 450 years Acts 13:20
H1 390 years suspended
Scroll Legend
A B.C. Years
E Sabbath Year
B
Gideon
I1 Abimelech
I1 Tola
I1F1 Broken Sabbath years
I1
H1 390 years counted
C Sabbatic Periods
Year of World
H2 480 National Passovers
JairI1C Sabbath Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
34
33
32
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
15
221
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
15
16
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
55
56
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
1
2
3
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1
2
13
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
33
57
58
59
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
2
3
4
5
6
12
13
14
14
7
8
9
10
11
1
35
1
2
3
4
5
6
48
47
46
45
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
11
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Jubilee YearE
Jair
Sabbatic PeriodsE
390 years countedH1Sabbath YearC
D 480 National PassoversH2Seasons
Ho
remh
eb
Ra
mses II
Sethy I
R.I
Ho
remh
eb (reg
ent)
Mu
rshili II
Mes In
scriptio
n
Arnuwanda II
Six Yea
r Wa
r Sh
up
pilu
lium
a I
Mu
wa
talli II
Ay
Tuta
nkh
am
on
Ha
ttusili III
ShaIm
aneser I
Tuku
lti-Nin
urta
I
Judges 9:22
Judges 8:32-33
Abimelech
Gid
eon
To
la
Judges 10:1-2
Eze
4:5
Gid
eo
n
Jair
Judges 10:3
Judges 11:26
Am
mo
nit
es s
ieze
H
esh
bo
n
Judges 10:5
Am
mo
nit
es Judges 10:6-8
4:5
, 390
yea
rs
Tola
Act
s 13
:20
A
cts
13:2
0
-nirari [I]
lunar date
Tola
Jair
Jair
Ammonites
Abimelech
68
15
16
17
18
19
12
13
14
69
65
66
67
310
70
315
316
317
318
319
335
336
332
333
334
324
325
326
327
97
98
99
100
101
108
109
349
350
351
352
345
346
347
348
341
342
343
344
337
338
339
340
333
334
335
336
329
330
331
332
390 y
ear
sin o
f Is
rael
susp
ended
390 y
ear
sin
of
Isra
el s
usp
end
ed
Pas
sover
(E
xodus)
not
cele
bra
ted
338
339
309
Pas
sov
er (
Exodus)
not
cele
bra
ted
110
102
103
104
105
106
107
114
90
91
308
73
74307
111
112
113
314
81
88
89
82
320
321
322
323
337
328
329
330
331
77
75
76
Pas
sov
er (
Ex
od
us)
no
t ce
leb
rate
d
78
79
80
87
83
84
85
94
95
96
92
93
86
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
1
2
11
12
13
14
15
16
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
71
72
311
312
313
1260
1259
1258
1257
1262
1261
1224
1223
1222
1221
1228
1227
1226
1225
1232
1231
1230
1229
1236
1235
1234
1233
1240
1239
1238
1237
1244
1243
1242
1241
1248
1247
1246
1245
1252
1251
1250
1249
1256
1255
1254
1253
1188
1187
1186
1185
1192
1191
1190
1189
1196
1195
1194
1193
1200
1199
1198
1197
1204
1203
1202
1201
1208
1207
1206
1205
1212
1211
1210
1209
1216
1215
1214
1213
1220
1219
1218
1217
1180
1184
1183
1182
1181
2878
2911
2912
2913
2914
2907
2908
2909
2910
2903
2904
2905
2906
2899
2900
2901
2902
2895
2896
2897
2898
2891
2892
2893
2894
2887
2888
2889
2890
2883
2884
2885
2886
2879
2880
2881
2882
2947
2948
2949
2950
2943
2944
2945
2946
2939
2940
2941
2942
2935
2936
2937
2938
2931
2932
2933
2934
2927
2928
2929
2930
2923
2924
2925
2926
2919
2920
2921
2922
2915
2916
2917
2918
2959
2960
2955
2956
2957
2958
2951
2952
2953
2954
6
7
1
2
2
3
4
5
5
6
7
1
1
2
3
4
4
5
6
7
7
1
2
3
3
4
5
6
1
2
7
1
2
3
3
4
5
6
6
7
1
2
2
3
4
5
5
6
7
1
1
2
3
4
4
5
6
7
7
1
2
3
3
4
5
6
6
2
3
4
5
5
6
7
1
1
2
3
4
4
5
6
7
5
6
7
8
1/50
2
3
4
46
47
48
49
42
43
44
45
38
39
40
41
36
37
41
42
43
44
37
38
39
40
33
34
35
36
29
30
31
32
25
26
27
28
21
22
23
24
17
18
19
20
13
14
15
16
9
10
11
12
20
16
17
18
19
12
13
14
15
8
9
10
11
4
5
6
7
49
1/50
2
3
45
46
47
48
376
369
370
371
372
365
366
367
368
361
362
363
364
357
358
359
360
353
354
355
356
313
314
315
316
310
311
312
390
391
392
325
326
327
328
321
322
323
324
317
318
319
320
385
386
387
388
381
382
383
384
377
378
379
380
373
374
375
389
G2 Jug. 11:26, 300
F2 450 years Acts 13:20
Jair
Philistines
I1
D
E
F1
9
13
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
B Year of World
H1 390 years suspended
E Sabbath Year
I1 Eli
E Sabbatic Periods
I3 Samson (estimated)
C Sabbath Year
I1 Philistines II
D
A B.C. Years
H1 390 years counted
16
17
18
19
20
F2 450 years Acts 13:20
I1 Philistines I
I3 Samuel's Life (est.)
F1 Broken Sabbath years
E
Broken Sabbath years
Sabbatic Periods
E Jubilee Year
I1
IbzanE Sabbath Year
AmmonitesI1
I1 Jephthah
C Sabbath Year
C Sabbatic Periods H2 480 National Passovers
Scroll Legend
14
15
Jubilee Year
I1 Elon
I1 Abdon
I1
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
62
63
64
65
66
67
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
4
5
6
7
8
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
57
58
59
60
61
9
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
9
10
11
12
13
1011
8
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
1
2
3
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
5
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
1
2
3
4
14
15
1
2
3
4
5
Seasons
Seasons
Meren
pta
h
Sethy II
Sipta
h
Ra
mses III
Jepth
ah
Judges 12:7
Sin
of
Isra
el,
Eze
k. 4
:5,
Ibza
n Judges 12:8
Elo
n
Judges 12:11
Ab
do
n
Judges 12:13
Sin
of
Isra
el, E
zek.
4:5
, 390
ye
ars
Judges 13:1
Ph
ilist
ine
s I
Sam
son
Sa
mso
n
Judges 15:20
Judges 16:31
Sin
of
Isra
el,
Eze
k. 4
:5, 3
90 y
ears
Eli 1Samuel 4:18
Act
s 1
3:2
0
Act
s 1
3:2
0
Aššu
r-reš-iši [I] A
ššur-d
an [I]
Enlil-ku
du
rri-usu
r A
ššur-n
irari N
inu
rta-apil-
Ekur
Ramses III defeats Sea Peoples
Sea Peoples (Philstines) invade Egypt
Tawso
ret Seth
nakh
t, est
Am
enm
esse
lunar date
Lunar date
Jepthah
Philistines I
Samson
Eli
Ibzan
Elon
Abdon
22
20
21
383
375
341
342
424
417
418
390 y
ear
sin o
f Is
rael
susp
ended
390 y
ear
sin o
f Is
rael
susp
ended
118
339
340
366
367
343
344
345
346
374
368
369
360
361
376
370
371
372
373
358
122
123
131
359
377
119
385
386
387
388
389
9
10
11
8
390
12
13
14
Pas
sov
er (
Ex
od
us)
no
t ce
leb
rate
d
120
127
128
126
121
115
116
117
124
125
129
130
381
380
132
133
134
384
378
3
4
5
6
7
8
910
11
12
13
14
1516
17
18
19
348
349
350
351
352
347
353
362
363
364
365
354
355
356
357
10
11
39
40
1
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
1152
1151
1150
1149
1156
1155
1154
1153
1160
1159
1158
1157
1164
1163
1162
1161
1168
1167
1166
1165
1172
1171
1170
1169
1176
1175
1174
1173
1180
1179
1178
1177
1116
1115
1114
1113
1120
1119
1118
1117
1124
1123
1122
1121
1128
1127
1126
1125
1132
1131
1130
1129
1136
1135
1134
1133
1140
1139
1138
1137
1144
1143
1142
1141
1148
1147
1146
1145
1108
1107
1106
1105
1112
1111
1110
1109
2983
2984
2985
2986
2979
2980
2981
2982
2975
2976
2977
2978
2971
2972
2973
2974
2967
2968
2969
2970
2963
2964
2965
2966
2960
2961
2962
3019
3020
3021
3022
3015
3016
3017
3018
3011
3012
3013
3014
3007
3008
3009
3010
3003
3004
3005
3006
2999
3000
3001
3002
2995
2996
2997
2998
2991
2992
2993
2994
2987
2988
2989
2990
3035
3031
3032
3033
3034
3027
3028
3029
3030
3023
3024
3025
3026
1
2
3
4
4
5
6
7
7
1
2
3
3
4
5
6
6
7
1
2
2
3
4
5
5
6
7
1
1
2
3
4
4
5
6
7
7
1
2
3
3
4
5
6
6
7
1
2
2
3
4
5
5
6
7
1
1
2
3
4
4
5
6
7
7
1
2
3
3
4
5
6
6
7
1
2
28
29
30
31
24
25
26
27
20
21
22
23
15
16
17
18
11
12
13
14
7
8
9
10
3
4
5
6
48
49
1/50
2
44
45
46
47
40
41
42
43
36
37
38
39
32
33
34
35
43
44
45
46
39
40
41
42
35
36
37
38
31
32
33
34
27
28
29
30
23
24
25
26
19
20
21
22
392
449
450
444
437
438
441
442
443
39
0 y
ear
sin
of
Isra
el s
usp
ended
382
445
446
447
448
439
440
433
434
435
436
429
430
431
432
425
426
427
428
421
422
423
419
420
413
414
415
416
409
410
411
412
405
406
407
408
401
402
403
404
397
398
399
400
393
394
395
396
17
2379
7
3
5
6
4
391
392
393
394
1
20
5
0
Scroll Legend
A B.C. Years
F2 390 years suspendedB Year of World
F2 450 years Acts 13:20
67
89
10
11
12
13
34
35
36
37
30
32
33
26
2728
29
22
23
24
25
18
19
20
21
14
15
16
17
10
11
12
13
1
2
3
9
8
4
I3 Samuel's JudgeshipE Sabbatic Periods
F1 Broken Sabbath years
I1 Saul, king of Israel
E Jubilee Year I3 Samuel's Life (est.)
E Sabbath Year
15
16
67
63
64
65
66
59 I1 Philistines II
C Sabbatic Periods
H2 480 National PassoversC Sabbath Year
D
H1 390 years counted
6
7
60
61
62
55
56
57
58
50
52
53
54
46
47
48
49
42
43
44
45
38
39
40
41
53
45
8
9
51
25
26
27
28
29
30
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
67
89
10
11
12
13
34
21
00
12
31
1
2
3
4
2
3
1
2
1
18
17
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
1
2
1
2
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
4
5
6
71
21
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
1
2
3
5
6
1
2
3
4
1
2
1
2
3
18
Seasons
Sa
mu
el's Ju
dg
esh
ip
Sa
mu
el's e
stima
ted
ag
e
Sa
ul's e
st. ag
e
Jon
ath
an
's est. a
ge
Eli
Life
of
Sam
uel
, EST
.
1Samuel 4:18
Sin
of
Isra
el, E
zek.
4:5
, 39
0 ye
ars
1Sam. 7:2
Acts 13:20 Act
s 1
3:2
0 A
cts
13:2
0
Life
of
Sam
uel
, EST
.
Šamši
Eriba-A
dad
A
ššur-b
êl-kala
Tiglath-p
ilese
r [I] iši [I]
Ašarid
-apil-
Ekur
Ramses III defeats Sea Peoples
Ra
mses IV
R
am
ses V
Ra
mses V
I R
am
ses VII
Ra
mses IX
R
am
ses X
R. V
III
Ra
mses X
I
Eli
Eli
Ph
ilistines II
Philistines II
Samuel
Ph
ilistines II
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
39
0 y
ear
sin o
f Is
rael
susp
ended
390 y
ear
sin o
f Is
rael
susp
ended
39
0 y
ear
sin
of
Isra
el s
usp
ended
440
441
442
450
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
449
443
444
445
447
436
437
438
439
432
433
434
435
446
448
422
414
415
424
425
426
427
429
430
416
417
418
419
420
421
423
428
431
12
13
14
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
1
2
1
14
15
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
2
3
4
5
16
17
18
399
400
401
402
395
396
397
398
403
1080
1079
1078
1077
1084
1083
1082
1081
1088
1087
1086
1085
1092
1091
1090
1089
1096
1095
1094
1093
1100
1099
1098
1097
1104
1103
1102
1101
1105
1052
1051
1050
1049
1056
1055
1054
1053
1060
1059
1058
1057
1064
1063
1062
1061
1068
1067
1066
1065
1072
1071
1070
1069
1076
1075
1074
1073
3055
3056
3057
3058
3051
3052
3053
3054
3047
3048
3049
3050
3043
3044
3045
3046
3039
3040
3041
3042
3035
3036
3037
3038
3091
3087
3088
3089
3090
3083
3084
3085
3086
3079
3080
3081
3082
3075
3076
3077
3078
3071
3072
3073
3074
3067
3068
3069
3070
3063
3064
3065
3066
3059
3060
3061
3062
3
4
5
6
6
7
1
2
2
3
4
5
5
6
7
1
4
4
5
6
7
7
1
2
3
3
4
5
6
6
7
1
2
2
3
4
5
5
6
7
1
1
2
3
4
4
5
6
7
7
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
2
3
4
5
47
48
49
1/50
46
38
39
40
41
34
35
36
37
30
31
32
33
26
27
28
29
22
23
24
25
18
19
20
21
14
15
16
17
10
11
12
13
6
7
8
9
1/50
2
3
4
46
47
48
49
42
43
44
45
390 y
ear
sin o
f Is
rael
susp
ended
17
19
394
18
13
14
15
2
3
4
4
5
6
31
104
105
106
107
102
103
7
7
6m
2
3
1
1
2
3
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6
67
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69
71
9
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30
3
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100
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96
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88
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91
84
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80
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76
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72
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75
2
3
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8
1
0
17
38
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41
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43
44
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48
32
33
34
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49
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70 33
32
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30
16
52
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34
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1
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40
1
51
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1920
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2829
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6
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David flees to Nob
Ish-b
osh
eth
David born civil w
ar
Sa
ul
Da
vid
's Ag
e
Jon
ath
an
's est. a
ge
David
's com
bin
ed
reign
David
, king o
f Jud
ah
Da
vid
's Ag
e
Jubilee Text
1Sam 13:1-3
Lev.
25
:9
Acts 13:21
2Sam 2:10
2Sam 2:11
cf. 2Chron 22:2 1Chron 29:27
Dav
id, k
ing
of
Isra
el 1Chron 29:27
2Sam 6:15 Jubilee Text
Lev.
25
:9
Jub
ilee
Ark moved to Jerusalem; 1Sam. 6:12
Aššu
r-rabi [II]
Aššu
r-nirari [IV
] Šalm
ane
ser [II] A
ššurn
asirpal [I]
Šamši-A
dad
[IV]
Smen
des
Am
en
emn
isu
Psu
senn
es I
Pin
edjem
I
HP
A H
eriho
r H
PA
Pia
nkh
at Tan
is
Triumvirate
Begin XXI
Ra
mses X
I
Era o
f the R
en
aissance
Jerusalem taken 1st Philistine Defeat; 2Sam. 5:18
2nd Philistine Defeat; 2Sam. 5:22
Ark moved; 2Sam. 6:2
Pa
neh
sy
Smen
des
HP
A P
ined
jaem
Era o
f the R
enaissan
ce
Men
khep
erre HP
A
M
enkh
eperre H
PA
Thebian Priests
Tanite Kings
Ma
sah
arta
HP
A
Djed Sau
l
Saul
David Ish-bosheth
Sample Commentary Page
named for the throne years earlier, and then replaced with Amar-Sin as co-regent by a fickle father. The other son then may havemurdered his father out of spite.
Whatever the case, the Scripture names someone with aname beginning “Amar”, as king of Shinar. As a last resort, thecompiler of Genesis may have namedhim as king at Siddim (when he wasonly a prince), anachronistically.
I favor the hypothesis that Amar-Sinbecame king early on in 2048 BC aftermonth IV, and that he was king duringthe expedition to Canaan. We don’tknow the logistics. However, a similarsituation attended Nebuchadnezzar's firstyear, and his taking of Jerusalem in the4th year of Jehoiachin. He had barely be-come king when operations againstJerusalem began.
Finally, we must always rememberthat it was the Almighty who allowedthe cities of Shinar to be turned intopiles of rubble because of their idolatryand sin. Trying to interpret these piles ofrubble in terms of an evolutionary or hu-manistic worldview, without the absoluteframework of the scripture to constrain itand judge it, is futile, and the disputesand debates that the archaeological com-munity goes through shows that theyhave no unified scientific stance againstthe biblical framework. Therefore, oppo-sition to the biblical answer can only be attributed to anti-biblicaldogmatism, and belief in the religion of evolution.
THE YEAR OF PUZUR-ISHTAR, SON OF NUR-ILIŠU
The Assyrians appointed an official to represent each year.This official is called an eponym by modern scholars. The Assyr-ian scribes kept lists of these officials which were then used fordating purposes. Instead of saying such and such a year, peoplewould write ,“In the year of _________” and then fill in thename of the official for the year. To reconstruct Assyrian chronol-ogy we have to rely on copies of these lists, and being copies,they are not completely without error. There is some wiggleroom therefore between various interpretations of possible scrib-al errors dropping out names or adding in names. Therefore wemust resort to chronological synchronisms and astronomy to re-move doubt where possible.
In the year of Puzur-Ishtar there was a solar eclipse.Shamshi Adad was born the previous year, according to the MariEponym Chronicle. Teije Dejong states, based upon his recon-struction of the eponym list for this period that, “Using thechronological calibration of the Revised Eponym List (REL) byBarjamovic et al, I find that the time window in which the solareclipse must have occurred can be constrained with 95% proba-bility to the period 1856-1835 BC.”
The Assyrian Eponym for the year after the birth ofShamshi-Adad I was Puzur-Ishtar in the Mari Eponym Chroni-cle. The eponym list is now placed by historians accuratelyenough that we can identify the solar eclipse recorded in thatyear. Without Joshua’s long day, scholars have proposed 1838BC and 1833 BC. We can dismiss the -1837.03.024 eclipse (asidefrom the fact it happened on the wrong side of the world) be-
cause it was a central annular eclipse occurring at sunrise. Therising sun was too low and did not dim enough for it to get no-ticed, and may be confused with fog or early morning clouds.The proposed -1832.06.24 eclipse would be an excellent choice(aside from the fact that it, too, occurred on the wrong side of the
world due to Joshua’s long day), but the historians cannot justifyit. It requires deleting eponyms from the Assyrian lists. It is truethat the year locations of all the eponyms are not known perfect-ly, but having an excess number of eponyms and not enoughyears to put them in is a bad situation.
Date Advocate Discrepancies1841 BC Gregg 01838 BC ----------- 11833 BC ----------- 1current total discrepancies Gregg: 2current total discrepancies Others: 19
The correct eclipse happened in 1841 BC, which is found byapplying Joshua’s long day to the -1840.05.24 eclipse and trans-ferring it from where it has been supposed to occur in NorthAmerica to the proper side of the world. Shifting it across thedate line puts it on May 25, 1841 BC. See Figure 36. This solu-tion does not require adding any eponyms that cannot be justi-fied, nor does it require subtracting any. There is one othereclipse that comes up in 1843 BC (-1842.01.20 [19]; takingJoshua’s long day into account). This would only require addingthree extra unknown eponyms to the lists. This eclipse is some-what outside of the comfort zone though, as its track was 358miles west of Ashur. Making it visible in Assyria would requirea large correction to delta T on the order of 2300 seconds (about40 minutes), and it would make a brief eclipse near sunrise. Thisis hardly an eclipse that many people would notice.
Historians and astronomers have taken extreme liberties withproposing which eclipse was meant in the Assyrian record, be-cause they have had no agreeable choices to work with. OnceJoshua’s long day is taken into account, then the perfectly rea-sonable eclipse may be found that fits the history.
50
Figure 36 PUZUR-ISHTAR ECLIPSE
Sample Commentary Page
with Yahweh, and part of the year is counted in sin.125 They end after 3 ½ years of Hoshea’s reign, since the north-
ern kingdom attended Hezekiah’s Passover with the king’s acqui-escence in that year.126 The adjust-ments are cases of inclusive count-ing, i.e. where two kings both count-ed the same year. Therefore, the timehas to be adjusted downward oneyear at each joining. The interreg-nums are documented by synchro-nisms with Judah.
The kings of Israel dated theirreigns using a solar year beginning atthe spring equinox. The kings of Ju-dah dated their reigns beginning atTishri 1. The synchronisms uniquelydemonstrate this, for example, Nadab
reigned in year 2 of Asa for 2 years
(1Kings 15:25). Baasha reigned in
year 3 of Asa for 24 years (1Kings
15:28, 33). It would be impossible toconstruct the chronology by usingwhole years, because the sum of sin
years would rise above 390. The
kings of Israel may contribute no
more than 256 years during the divid-
ed kingdom. Therefore, the two years
of Nadab are part of Asa year 2 and
part of Asa year 3. This is called inclusive counting. The reader
may inspect the charts for the other cases of inclusive counting.
ASTRONOMICAL SYNCHRONISM: DAVID FLEES FROM SAUL
David’s flight to Nob may be dated to the 34th year of KingSaul in 1069 BC (see Figure 43). David asked to go to “the sacri-fice of the days” for his family. This request narrows the time tothe first month of the year (1Sam. 20:6; cf. 1Sam. 1:3; Exo.13:10). The details are given in the first four days of the month,as David hid for the first three days (1Sam. 20) and then fledreaching Nob on the 4th day. At Nob David was given the oldbread of the presence just after it had been replaced on the tablewith new bread. So the 4th day from the new moon was the Sab-bath. The priests were supposed to eat the old bread, but therewere 5 loaves left (1Sam. 21:3). As there were a sufficient num-ber of priests (cf. 1Sam. 22:18), no bread would be left after theSabbath. They would have quickly eaten the bread after a week.Yeshua associates the incident with the Sabbath, and so do theRabbis, and the text actually proves this, “And the priest gave tohim the holy thing, because there had been no bread there exceptthe bread of the presence, that being taken away from before
125 Likewise, the partial year that is Rehoboam’s accession year,his 1st year and 2nd year are counted as three years. This arrange-ment demonstrates inclusive counting.126 This was in 3415 when the messengers went out to announcethe coming Passover, and when the pilgrims would have set out(2Chron. 30:4-11; 30:18; 31:1, 5-8). Ephraim and Manassehhumbled themselves and repented in the 2nd half of 3415. Theseremained in the land unmolested by the Assyrians until the reignof Esarhaddon. But Samaria rebelled a few years later and wasexiled. The other cities of Israel submitted to the king of Assyria.
Yahweh to set hot bread on the day of its being taken” (1Sam.21:7).
David was on the run for at least 4-5 years, and not more
than 7. Between 1057 B.C. and 1075 B.C. there are only twoyears that work out: 1066 B.C. and 1069 B.C. 1069 B.C. is sure-ly the right year, since the lower date shortens David’s life as afugitive too much. David was therefore a fugitive for sevenyears. Willis J. Beecher picked 1068 B.C. in AD 1907, which isremarkably close for one who did not calculate the calendar for1Sam. 20-21. The synchronism shows the seven day week, andthe Sabbath on the seventh day, fall in an unbroken series sincethe time of David. It also confirms that the new moon was sight-ed, and that the dark moon (conjunction) was not used as the firstday of the month.
David’s life as a fugitive:
1069 Flight to Achish 1Sam. 21:10
The cave of Adullam 1Sam. 22:1
With 400 men 1Sam. 22:2
In Moab 1Sam. 22:3
1068 The forest of Hereth 1Sam. 22:5
murders of the Priests 1Sam. 22:17
David saves Keilah 1Sam. 23:2
With 600 men 1Sam. 23:13
The wilderness of Ziph 1Sam. 23:14
1067 At Horesh 1Sam. 23:15
In Maon 1Sam. 23:24
1066 In Engedi 1Sam. 23:29
At Wildgoats’ Rocks 1Sam. 24:2
Saul ceases pursuit 1Sam. 24:22
1065 In Paran 1Sam. 25:1
Watching over Shepherds 1Sam. 25:16
At the hill of Hachilah 1Sam. 26:1
Saul ceases 2 nd pursuit 1Sam. 26:25
1064 Second flight to Achish 1Sam. 27:2
David at Ziklag 1Sam. 27:6
1063 Eve of battle of Gilboa 1Sam. 29:11
Amalek burns Ziklag 1Sam. 30:1
67
Figure 43: David’s Flight From Saul
